Which statement best describes thsw+ 1+y(j+rgz wb 4ofye osmolarity of a solution used to bathe organs for ww boyjzf+ (gs r+4+1yuse in organ transplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solute poteuf4dx ts5.h6*przpf- ntial (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted anh( i 9xs*n;qflqn)r ,zd is stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Whi)q;rzfn h*x9l( sn,qich of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as part of a medic)zsek lm)p 507ntq7xhal treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive he0mzexts pq) l khn75)7alth outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is likelth ea.7psp ,b+7see8gy if the individual is given a hypotonic solution inp t.87ees,ghb s+ 7peatravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experiment. The potato tissu-dkpwy -- lp0;8z2avl:iy iwue was placed in a solution of unknown coiykw2yll idw 0a-zv:p8 u-p-; ncentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood epr k -v6n.4ubww3)bf cells placed in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. n4)6uvkp f.we3-w rbbWhich type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is import yh2ej*5fo az+ant for allowing particles to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the e+yza2 eojf 5h*xtracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equation for water pt0w .m*jsj6 blotential?

  Which of the followinx9; oi/i q a,ra /prwal1+ux/pg surface area to volume ratios would result in the highest rate of diffusion for a a lxq iuri;+xa// apo9rp /w,1cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato ti gqcr91pjo: c-ssue that has been placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason gj cr9c1p-oq:for the movement of water from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a 8,.d9o orw mojpotato slice (%) at different concentrationjo,. wro9md8os of sucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following exkkx:(s z.lom+g :sg ;rperimental set-up, in which direction will there be a net movement of water? mr:s+l;kg (zo.x: gk s

The micrograph shows onion epi51 y t :bbhy1t9mlirm6dermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylind36,zlvmo 77fdtgv )fders in a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percentt,m 3lv)7d76dg zvoff change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram su9(fetwc5q+ yxqy, 3 s(rlo0u howing the response of red blood cells when placed in different solute con u+5e xqusc y0ql (f9yro,(tw3centrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvatit6*7xcxp /advon.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.