Which statement best describes tl a;gw r-xi9c/he osmolarity of a solution used to bathe organs for use in organ tra9xr c w-i/ga;lnsplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely sol/**i,z9exs sk btui k:ute potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted and is 7hmcokg /cp1xh2s+8t,1xt ps2 j (zjc stored in an isotonic solution p2m8721zpx,hj1(sc scjp h tgk /toc+xrior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as part 81 dic7zv)juhof a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a ) hicvjuz718dpositive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transportss;7b*tz ,wcb toduq))zh )w . in a human being is likely if the individual is given a hypotonic soluti)h bb 7uttz.o; sczd)ws)q *w,on intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experiment. The potato txwkup4+0d7xc qo8 6u cissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, dpx6 k 704+xcuowc8uqand what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed in three different solutionsr xw /sn,c9(lj8.qeky as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells sh jq y.8(cle /s9r,wnxkown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is i2x zri (o3anh z)q56vre(4 mxkmportant for allowing particles to move across the cell membrane and respond to chang rz2q)h 4(za36oi mrk5nx(xve es in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct defig5sk0 5o3v qwd;2g:jtfaltua *v-r;ynition or equation for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area t2c8z 7/vdmdtr o volume ratios would result in the highest rate of diffusion for a 7/d2zd rv8ctm cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that )d3m9efs+54x da2t tgj y;qllhas been placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of wtg+q 4le ;s f32ydjxdl)5tm9aater from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potato slice (%) at different s0ryg ;id2a8u3ww kd5 9dlm/v concentrations of sucrose solution (mol 3/9 uwrsma ; ddik 25vg80ywld dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in whiciqnfomj 7- s2 b0osd-7h direction will there be a net movement of id mo0 -s s72qo7jb-nfwater?

The micrograph shows onion egj )212w1c:xora3avi di uw4wd6.mrwpidermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic *4o+gcm fq1y4zn3pd yr /0p rusolution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard erg*/ 0u czy y1 3r4qr+od4fnmppror. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood cells when placed in difshwz :rp -f*qx/ khc95ferent solute cosr -qwf/ k:9*ph zhxc5ncentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvation. ,s +a+rmju7 hgax2fu6

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.