Which statement best describes the osmolarity of a sosq6hwc)5be ju)o i ( 3/;+jozq/asyk olution used to bathe organs for use in organ transplant yw+ q3 s o/c6j)qejb)oki5u;sa(/ h zoprocedures?

  Which is the most likely so hhqv ,;b91eo6m)h bl6mc *atblute potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is remn1t b1)v ec rlt;ns54boved to be transplanted and is stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the n4tr e11sbb) l;5vc tnfollowing may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as :snq l/5xynr;vl n.+apart of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and t;nna/sx q r.v n:5+llyhen viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is like q u3zrcf0)5q6jc ah+dly if the individual is given a hya qf zc3+u60)dhrj q5cpotonic solution intravenously?

  The diagram shows thl6aw/zt:p gaoqr5( +s ) cst/fe setup for an osmosis experiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato sgrl sta/wz ap6ct/ +q5f :(o)placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red bloi -r kuz:h)fa-od cells placed in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of soluti)zif -h :rku-aon were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing partibi/ 5cna k-a8.t/ j)z8 yj fq1s;ipvtncles to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes v bj1t j./f); synkintcpz-/i 8aaq58in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equation for water potent sj 59rplcz n68ydz;6tial?

  Which of the following surface area to volumewo,w(pac8 t ffs- 6f.w ratios would result in the highest rate of diffusion for a cellwafpf- (c8f6t ,ww os.?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue thayu rz9sors0 z:03br3v t has been placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement urrzy0 0s39vozsr :3bof water from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in massq6j5(mcnrxb( x3;qkfee u 9 v: of a potato slice (%) at different concentrations of sucrose solution (mu:be9k qf v5x(x3q njre m6c;(ol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, iu)4y owfw4 (r fn8ag2rvd.8ey7 bk1ayx- pgg4 n which direction will there be a net moveme 8g)rr na 4.1 7-2byyfw ef8gkgdw4(voau4pyxnt of water?

The micrograph shows onion epidx 7rc)j(zvhb o gg612wermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 po6ox szs:vyrx5f-t -d4 tato cylinders in a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. yrt x-:zv5 so4 xf-ds6The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red l *h xv67g:h5gmdif(r blood cells when placed in different sol5mxgvrhfd 67 g(* li:hute concentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvatiowgc3tkh+bxc 0c w32v,n.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.