Which statement best describes the osmolarity of a solution used to bathe-2 g.8yqaig41cekg hq organs for use in organ th81e4q2gkqi. aygc - gransplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely s72a1q hhqj, jt val7lvh+ bdf 75jh/)solute potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted and is stor; lo0r1+ 6 5l;ln n9 lz-fvkfoba6mjayed in an isotonic solution prior to transplant 66llkfavormn+lnjozly0 5b1 a;9f ;-. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as part of a medical treatwek 2 6.+z0 jjlucd h-w51qfqrment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patie leujrdkw.+0qwhz5 cj 261qf-nts and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human bec:dh0s )h pkll 6bme,8ing is likely if the individual is given a hypotonic solution intravenou h c:6lhsb08mk)e,l dpsly?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosi uu(e7.0lvl qas experiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 0uqulale7( .vdays. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed in tf/ lej*/ nd9kthree different solutions as seen unl nj //kdet9f*der the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing particles to move across the cedpzcx +:i je+pnlr:):ll membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular f zdr: ++eppxcin::lj)luid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct def(vv8qwr2qf+g inition or equation for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume aw9o.;vytlj 4 ratios would result in the highest rate of diffusion for9yw jvlo. ;4ta a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been placed in di/ob2q* / awmj0,:t 2sp h 1oymfvdqah9stilled water. Which is the correct reason for the movement of water from the distilled water into the potato cells/q d1:*f v9yhb, a2s/mp2 tojq0ham wo?

  The graph below shows the fkl8 qx. ne2r88i( nx:ku v2obchange in mass of a potato slice (%) at different concentrations of sucrose sol8v:n2q.i8 ( ueobfx28xk krnl ution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up xova08erkj6), in which direction will there be a net move0v jorxk 68)eament of water?

The micrograph shows onion )4c vcb5*,lvj /i wvbkepidermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic puvugw6fx2+* solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below x+wvug*6pu2 f are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood cells when 5v 6liv -jhgu )oe7d;kplaced in different solute concv6-hd il jg7o;e5)uvk entrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of k -9sg6g h9dh bqb9:uxsolvation.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.