Which statement best describes the osmol llp6em ak7y6:arity of a solution used to bathe organs for use in organ transplaky m6l:ep67al nt procedures?

  Which is the most likely solcm/a l,w 7+wrcute potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is removed to be transplanted and 27wa( nzg8+uheu0 x uiis stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not storz i+ 7h2nxa(e uwu80gued in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as pak4l*cmoumtfa(n ( . a9rt of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally .a (ntl9ac(kmm4* oufnegative health outcome while the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport 5 3nrw9xhyre. in a human being is likely if the individual is given a hypotonic solution int3y9n r h.xr5ewravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experimen)* e 2al5i k*i(e4fvra*qi avut. The potato tissue was placed in a sol f 2(*rkia eil5q a*v*u4via)eution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells plun yroo5ex.+ y/nu1 -uopv:cl+eb8 s4aced in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of soluti u e51/8x: +.ovu-yeo nnlyuo+4sr pcbon were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allowing particles to mov 6sroj cku6hz+*gp*f1 e across the cell membrahgzo16jspk*f +ur *6 cne and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equ 0uy4ce9r(2e;xyfiy, yfle5o/z k hi3ation for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios would result in the highe 00cvo4il.kb71 o f lguok1a.vst rate of diffusion for a cell 4olv 0kouf.g1b1a .vilc70ko?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tnc 5v;d7,sgzolwr 05tissue that has been placed in distilled water. Which is s,zoc70 rvln5 wg5td ;the correct reason for the movement of water from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below showb0w ioqa,p .7ps the change in mass of a potato slice (%) at different concentrations of sucro pp.0b,7aq oiwse solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in ccvma b+3e /q(8boa)iwhich direction will there be a net movement m( evai+/c)b oaq3c8bof water?

The micrograph shows onion epidermal cells. xijo5zx t1c4:k(r6op;p ul 2n

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 pots:s i1eraetk4u c70d 0ato cylinders in a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated: 1ee a04i 7kc0ssrutd the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood cells when placed in tiw cuzw26v6p.,wh 6odifferenzhwwvu.i 66ptw 2o c,6t solute concentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of s3kay ku mgf8rr*4 s;;holvation.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.