What is the correct definition o2ab.eg7-b 12qj sfteq f a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency within a popularj 31+zq cv5nition?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference between natural s8 t*hsc w :h,x:xiz3ofelection a :,ticowhfx:h x3z*8 snd selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered motzjj4h-.a 0f ie7jthi h58d)mjh (Biston betularia) lives on wilji54.iafz hd hj0e7 jmj-8ht) l become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examuh.,ygg:tg m3q 6e8o qxrt4n4ples of evidence that can be used to support the theory of evolutio:rquh 6gtqne4 t84,ggyxmo.3 n?

  Which statement(s) about natk;s 1 ztnr.r;a,wb3p9 unmgydwm;v33ural selection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated evg/bytw ,+g9x5nl.g p quilibrium?

  The graph shows the relatioa f3zcqe7) is,nship between the adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lc aqi,7s3ef )zifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the deverd cbtl(4g:9 n72syrflopment of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Bisf3zyam ,) x: zky;f1:b8ukb(f m.x uuoton betularia) is often used as an example when discussing industkxu8zy1boy3 mx(uz f,; .ffk): m:uabrial melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence p s .kaf)ummyv a+13hgw5r(xo6rovide evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the h5g:d61 lryydk h24jd,fck+ o*cmoja ,-kw:h frequency of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What coual hj5d4wf,dcmkdr h- :1oo:k*y + hj2,cgky6ld have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible 6b p3oqoep )dndt6r68 causes of changes to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are examplwrt)9m/f w8k re(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with difjqkbh+- jj5 4sferent antibiotics can be investigated. A stub4 +-kqs5h jjjdy was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in r;*ufj bqf/d:5jrp q1a codominant manner. The graph shows the propoprj*fu:;j/ q r d1q5bfrtions of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) bornwmu (vq )gfftd3 xih y p(.x6*,hi(-7 +qbamic without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explainpqd6xt7gu.mibx q-ff* w i3)v a,((cmih (+ hy the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks in the san(2xsm3cgweu 2 d bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest pausw x m2c32ge(rts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following sk d (qzhhzl-rgm.*o1+m( 3 tvitatements best describes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one is likely to be cyyq 5/b6ygmg;(.o eca;/mc5.gobqc ey6y gy(nalogous?

  Which are examples of directioke. sq, .6ovkh7uo1ap nal selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example zq1c1, g/uf ;deg9g djof natural selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in trop8- km0tcycd-p ical rainforests. Which characteristic ofk-0p y tccd8m- the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar from floyfpo8 5 ml:,-pk6an ldwers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivoreen4f6 tdf 9xrq xc+p:9s may develop into a populationt6f+ rxp94dx9:n fqc e of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolutionny4* 0 s4epfnk of features in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to modern da4pey 40 nfskn*y horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in va y+- z:kdoj-*- 45paxkkwx5gt 1somcfriation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximatelhig*2-gn2 ibs yh3asry xx940y 18 finches which share a common ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown -grybh 20s4 sgx9ixh32 ai*ynbelow.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an examkm xc-r/ v epuw,/9hihlv09hf-9pr u*ple of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can rwng,a syo- */vesult in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to desk5jo othp, 2adhxu1 b,6 x;-yscribe adaptations. Which of the following jypodab,h5o; u x-6 xhs t2,1kbest describes the term evolutionary fitness?