What is the correct definition of apzklh,xsmi 7df; :3v.h(1gmt gene pool?

  Which would not cause changesu6ya5bf+-x kp 4 j5elo to the allele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and0swq ort127*mpk9bh t difference between natural selection and selective breedi 97 pt0 kwo2sr*tbmqh1ng?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered moth (Biston betulagow lm/twsyh*.*7raz9 8rl 0 tria) lives on will become darker. What effec t*8 yhl *wasor /rt.z0mgl79wt will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence ujr1+ pp zjy3:n *)dfl64acaothat can be used to support the theory of evolutionf)uac1yoj *p3 +6d 4pj:larz n?

  Which statement(s) about natural selection is/arc--rxg*9ze ,jk(q jnt e true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equilibrie 1yu3hq64mcgwg g8q*um?

  The graph shows the relationship br0bu6ehpo59nb z 1 t-+noxc6qetween the adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi0cnt5eo brph-1+6 nxz6q ub9 o) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the development of antibiotlq5l *zx4g se k3nb+3tic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an example when discussixaw80cl *32ege -9err dy1 smcng 13 9ee8mxrecdy-2r s*cwl0ga industrial melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divf/3zw+u1f glgahn227rzrx: u ergence provide evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finchefewwufv-0;,jhm, o e, s with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finewm jhf,u0f ,w;eov-, ches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes :0w4ik7nk ms ;a7sne6ab r+ykof changes to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are exark:r wsu o j31 pfv09/znz8ftt;u:0g omple(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how thaa2.;r 0c7nkhorxd+d -1j wvhe effect of growing bacteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of wc 2r+vn. h-ddxh koj7;r0aa 1inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codominant mlx6l wg-/hz2uanner. The graph shows 62 wxhulzl/ -gthe proportions of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female Africa gvb/-r-q hrrr.9 a0non elephants (Loxodonta africana) born withoutv .r-r/qroahgb r 0-n9 tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks in the sana+eitvprps) o7 h)e25 d bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into) ro)ae7spv 2t5hie+p the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describes an analkga;tz x5q p fw3;-4poogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one +b3j)ty6i-ff +tkh 2k v-zyv iis likely to be avi3jvz 6bf--t+t y yk)h+f2k inalogous?

  Which are examples of directional selectx)iiarl ujvrgh,(9/)w 1jcs 0ion?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural selex(poio v 35t3ection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in tropical rm4y0wi:ow13f(kfrdrainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptat :(4f3ymwd 0fr1wkri oion?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar from :ew3jh9v8dfh-7 olj a flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivores may develop7 ,gdlp2 gypf3mwc2(h into a populatiolpd(732p fwc y mggh2,n of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution og6q-0g+ +uhf0d5jwqw-n d9 oqvzg pfx9k0;p tf features in the forefoot of horses from the oldest0oqu95 nx0 t+gw 6-wdqkzfvd;j90hfqg-p+pg ancestor (a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis resu ;8csp.iae4tl.+- 6m,xu mjt 6fonpjrlt in variation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of aeak 1nsc5kq:s3*v3 qzpproximately 18 finches which share a common ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are showavq3:3 kc*qs 51nsekzn below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not nrscg-1gmye ,(09z mc an example of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result in natural selection.l 5bnk .pdf/oqr+4z ,k

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term usk.i 8g b43xnvnia b*4sed to describe adaptations. Which of the following best n v a8.s3i*n4bk4xb igdescribes the term evolutionary fitness?