What is the correct dp 1a6qa7jyw- /8i *pviz+m ckdefinition of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency withc4t*su(ounrqe e4g 9uk )w4u1in a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference between natural sez h4jxs ahkl tnq+-el0.4ph56lection and selectiveqhha.- lh0jzk5s 4xl 46eptn+ breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered hzjw5)nwcq 4 6moth (Biston betularia) live hwn4qjz 5w6c)s on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be used to support thrt am de (m2v3ux7/qa)e theory of /xq)7vda u eat(mm23revolution?

  Which statement(s) about natural selecti8px9grj aav0*p,*lg2b-wgn eon is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equili c0vs a:8:e.qav ;pamyg ek1c/brium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck length of Masai gi;ti,a s,o. sp2. eqfucraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average life,osauitf2q .;,cs pe.span. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following couldgnvvf28fg 4g(qgp b: - lead to the development of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an example wh1;/0 vbjyh w *nfqjxu2en discussing ihj/y*2 wxf jbu;n 0qv1ndustrial melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence pv8u- ;;l g8wmghkqz +rrovide evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequencyj9mvmhf zl,kwc ,3h,kn ()*xz of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches wijcxz)v* , mlh93kf,h,zmnk (wth small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causen6l7dqr6. h8q loi0 -qel kjkym, g4q8s of changes to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are 7)sjtfgqn:o3f7 3zqi example(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with different antibiotick.. g( 0h*:b1/s yfsn yizpslns hs b*.ks y1gs/( pyn0n.li:f zcan be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codominant mannzzenrww0:rf t x.-l50h)c7, wpbez1yh) x- pver. The grap1 .zpt-,- wwyer5fz)wh h7r cnv)x :x 0pl0ezbh shows the proportions of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female rp0s*ko/;uxf6 geop b6rg-f-African elephants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection peugs f- orfbkx;p*6 0r-/6goexplain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks in the san3lb9ji v* 2vwnd bar and dark colourebn92*jv wiv l3d oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best h)8a 4cp(*ij,b ; (uvh)crks0n onrxudescribes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one is lik a8vq4kr.0ak8e+ x)zxsc sx;bely to be analogo.xxev 8ar 4csb;k 8qzsk+ x)a0us?

  Which are examples of directional selection? c;fz s0 7wyv/r
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natursbrj6,arq-*i3k; tb val selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the go;5v4gm5 c 9zmq p:zojround in tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an example of a use g5:jmovczq;94 o5pmzful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar pg b:u187mjw vfrom flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivores may develop into )wm0o,7v*dpz o dhlh39 elzb7a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this chdb)*p v37lloz9 oe0dh7zm, hwange occur?

The diagram represents the evolution o6ltq9ap:q l3m z5j4oq: ubc a9f features in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a)a czu9l::bl6oq3jmtqpq 59a4 to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in variation;4g7i,cfs i r p .erdo* b0hq*ea*v,kn?

Darwin’s finches are a group of / zyfh*zbp.g 9approximately 18 finches which share a common ancesybhz9/gz. pf*tor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an exay l0qik c2eg nnk,27)omple of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result in natural sel x cct8n7kb* k6 u/r tz.+a.pmrrcswnst/;*9wection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptab h75azcr9k5gcs5m4 (8hj huitions. Which of the following best describes the term evolutionary fitnessrcbg7s8zcimh j h5h4u( a55k 9?