What is the correct definitnz;0.cqtbhe xa ,ae,8ion of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency within a populav5gjui b+,w wj/-e8jn tion?

  Which of the following identifies a similariukkc r7.)a b)jty and difference between natural selection and selective breedingjkucr).)7 bk a?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered moth (Biston betularg os b6m- :hw.l48p;e. hjtaqqia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth p.:g s h-oj8 pb;6hlq.4qwtemaopulation numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evk bz+csnzos7r5)k( q,idence that can be used to support the theory o sobszc, k5(zkqn7r )+f evolution?

  Which statement(s) about natural selecf--yt2+ lz2 e yabsm ;(+htirltion is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated e7 .yog qola;:sc9p c3 (vrf,kaquilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationmi)3a( i3is kuship between the adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippels3am iki(iu3) skirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the developf d +2q*vl3r:umkggei3)n5bnment of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an example when ecbk 51(4 oj f/-cfzofdiscussing in /kfc5-cf1oz boej (f4dustrial melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evidenceh2 t yrb(iyy7l1:l e/n for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finches with large b y-hg.xgj,hh7 eaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. Whjghxh,.h 7-gy at could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible ca 1yvefun 0f54nenb+ 7saz5n k0uses of changes to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of selective bb6ep+ jw c0o :o//ypue*9pyou reeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacter m nb:-;u)ok hxfs5wh+ia with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that :kf+ ohs wnxu5 -mb)h;bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia ise *61ee4o kns.7 / dxvmr rmi*:ji.nan a trait that is inherited in a codominant manner. The graph shows jik1e rex.dm4 o*men* /.6ns aivn7r :the proportions of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxodonta africnu;( m f*;8(p9yyrgkx:ghg1z / ahdsyana) born without tusks in Gorongosa Natky g9pg s(*1(:ga8z ;nfd hy u/m;ryhxional Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks in the sand bar and vv 5r5qj yt+n-dark c5 v rtv-j5ny+qoloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describeud rt)b7un.e3t /h6rns an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb showvk hn3ho/a ch vq36nrf9jt3;5n below, which one is likely to be analogo 6hch3q9kh /vo n; ft3nj3rav5us?

  Which are examples of directi hqpfshyi0*bf g i96lz2vv e8;)h,2asonal selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural sepr:5kt tth3u(rm8qn8 lection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the g( ue 4vg*ndhc1round in tropical rainforests. Which charactedv1(eh n *guc4ristic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar from flow+4y5 (s raqj1 zwwbuspp4p-m/ rdewft-)pa4 5 ers?

  A population of plantau-esh9g x 9:vs with no resistance to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur:9xv ea gu-h9s?

The diagram represents the evolution of featuresoza*(k t)r x4u in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to modern day horso(rx4at) *ku zes (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result f(0m(e evi)cina y87lin variation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finches which share- d6k jv4ew aq:sl(0av0z ia3q a common ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches areveqk36:0wda4qjv 0 ai l a-(zs shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an e*: 1rdrsd4 oyp7eih* 7ohm6r gxample of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can u3tkphk8 l8* o74izgm result in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. Which of thpe rp.f j-)xz u6l6dz.e follow.)-re6fz lp u 6.xjzdping best describes the term evolutionary fitness?