What is the correct definizrc7 z ;z,ff/dtion of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frem rfi pel.p9xf40l;z l 1:bh,wquency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and differenc qnkjr8hp /6d*e between natural selection and select*qj/n p6 d8rhkive breeding?

  As pollution levels r5s0ookcm. y i ;)5hlvdise, the trees that the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives oisdcy) 5hk ;5 vlom.o0n will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be used to sj6+r zs929a qbf*xolqnl (k (fupport the theory of evolutil2qnxr(zk+foq9*l6 ab(s9 j fon?

  Which statement(s) about natural*v7 -zsdtp5j g selection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equilxwkn8v* 6kl z:ibrium?

  The graph shows the relationsgmk r)7mo 3h85ey v3fdhip between the adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and thegk mrd8 o5)me7yh33fv average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the development of anti0ugftzwj 5 7 d2pe1ig,biotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston ;gfh-cdixg06z f:n ,bbetularia) is often used as an example when discussing indus;din g,xfg-h: z0f bc6trial melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence fr a9uz+20 n9n4/ofjd (7a zrrgcrvc/ provide evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finches with large beaks has ingt*q,gxd) 6i4wd +ifvcreased rei6,fx* i dg+qtg)w 4vdlative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes td ; 3tkgek4g610s)buay(s k zlo a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of selective breed wp;rm9rw ,0v0xlfp(ting?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with different antibioti ajg7gs1yoq88np:llwz 5j( ;scs can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance thaoqj (w7 zp gs:;ag8j8 1y5lsnlt bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codominant maipo )e ebku ,5697qotznner. The graph shows the proportions of people who are homozygous affected (p to6kbuo5 iz),qe79 eHb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephan/i xezn3tgub8 ,c8y5lts (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in c8 uitenz /,lgb85xy3 Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks in tb dme;fpwj 0d;e8ct 81fa h)6ahe sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection isaff)pc1m88 a ehe;0b6j; wtdd this an example of?

  Which of the following statemerlc7b. 7uxybwf+ s5tn ma- 2i/nts best describes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown bq.1skp; 4h88 klhajd melow, which one is likely to be analogouhl.1k4q 8ds8 ;hamj kps?

  Which are examples ofjyo,,i 5 la3 hm;3ujeo directional selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example od,3 .ddssf7 lu4 gat yaknk+)1+dr9fj f natural selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in tropical rainfz*-hiz oq)+1vnz: d bw1oxbg(orests. Which codz*n h+x i-b1(vgwoq1) z:zbharacteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best k ) /flslrry3r)k/p m3v.m d6zadapted for sucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivores may deka3.yn8 cxh6 xvelop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. Hockxyanh8 36x .w could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the f .nx * 08n +r rrtcng-:ju+dvslu*,npwmcax,5 orefoot of horses from thcan *x*puw sn-r+r x0dmcg.,l+5, rju: t8nvne oldest ancestor (a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in var9)wo5yoike 45 yuq+iu iation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finchesd7sglb3e 9osj2 d8 jhq.v/ j4p which share a common ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finch7os2q elshjbpvd./d3jgj 89 4 es are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not nxn4d/vdm 7+dsjr)s6gi ru7 8an example of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can resh +m-npc*t4tqult in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adapto 8y. md qqz63wdb l2b(.yxal9ations. Which of the following bes2dw63 d alby8x..9(yb ql zmqot describes the term evolutionary fitness?