What is the correct definition of a 6q dwdxq4gj 84gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequp 0b rr0-ew dq*ese4s8ency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similat0qml7 :d5c.xnno l8y rity and difference between natural selection andnyt58n: qo.0cm x ll7d selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees thatodq6xdcqcuu .w6* f jl+*wf+. the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will thisx d.f+lw*6 6 jwq couduqfc.*+ have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples v3qid d/e0z-7d:0pe1w k pvhlof evidence that can be used to support the theory of evolutedhvpldwd0zei0:k1 7/ pq3v- ion?

  Which statement(s) about natural selectio 8f.sy,vfc8x74 rj:j vxsm6z mn is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equilib7oaplhk;+ kt evum3 .9rium?

  The graph shows the relations- b. qwh0bp ue/).m o d.m6nmaoct70xjhip between the adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the averaba o7 0qo60ecb -mtux)m..wj./ndm phge lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the development o oe;qh h.a)9z2t 4bewv,zhd*prw: az5f antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Bistu i,k.nw j/zx7on betularia) is often used as an example when discussing ik u/7j.nzwxi,ndustrial melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual diverzf0f g +au6ny:gence provide evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finchwokc/p p x3i s*ehf 9hkl s0)qu51+po)es, the frequency of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What c5h/w19u )oshx3l k ko0epq)fc*+ppi sould have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to a 9tgbw;qioz :k3)c rr3dg tx2.gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) oj orgvl20j: 5zf selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effectx)yd pp;ae:r ;v)iui 4 of growing bacteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to tes d: a;e ip;vyp4)x)urit the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codominant manner. The i/fwqw074:bbd6 p x dtgraph shows the proporwd6b 0tqidx:bwp74f /tions of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxodonttssc7f2l)3zg v va,: u28xvf,i1 vbdoa africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National t3g 8xv )fabovu ss22,1dilc,v7zv:fPark. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rock pni.a7oqf dl77b eg.v9*w4jwtj:8y ks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. ovtb9k7 i7.dl e*ng. 47 fwjjpyaq8:wWhat type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best fwnw4:l/w50wj94 4br9j g tzsc;cqnc describes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of l- p.urkw3*rh47bl :zqpft+ph/ ti 0feach forelimb shown below, which one is likely to be analogou q*r- twp3k+:pfrll/ h7i.40hfbt upzs?

  Which are examples of d7+uz 00m0,thu-ae i,s h tlqogirectional selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of nad1 v6sa0 ll- xza87txvtural selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found no s)(eqguanv a2ve17c,rkz; 9ear the ground in tropical rainforests. Which characterise 7n vuk21ra;cog(,e szv)9aqtic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for yqu ( hblt8.ogx4q8o2rgm2s- sucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plantsga:41 pfga3qxs 7iu u2 with no resistance to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to her7ugaqip3g:1f au 4xs2 bivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of featur btst24dew8qj6btfa0gm;(g je1 8c q6es in the forefoot of horses from thje8 ectqw4amtdb2 16 8(f;tbj0 6sqgge oldest ancestor (a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in edseuf 0jl/ i0 bv96c1j(*surl.bdz+variation?

Darwin’s finches are1fek4 /iu ha(v a group of approximately 18 finches which share a common ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Foa4hfkue(v 1 /iur of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example t v0g ertmf36:of speciation?

1.Describe how mutation 9yn/ gtejt *+,mu ivqywq;j3o/4* dvcs can result in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. Which of tg38 z8i,e8/jmta qfd khe following best describes the ,kmgz t8i8e jf/d8a3qterm evolutionary fitness?