What is the correct def(7 uv9c wj5 c:dcq snk l.gb-;vd8.e:y+gkcmsinition of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency within a po;fh- jmbxxe mb)8mc;4pulation?

  Which of the following i685mkzakh5r7r, ghnk :oo2ac nfo1n :r ,k l2identifies a similarity and difference between natural selection and selective breeding? , 8roof2lkonh h 6r1::7,5nraa 5ikzcmknkg 2

  As pollution levels rise, the tre.q 9vsvx-r .s byle66lza07aees that the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbera9r 6xez s lavs6l bq-0.ye.7vs?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that canbc+dt/ iscmxv60,.z 8znu,3 hxhkis6 be used to support the theory of evolutiomi8t .6hcd+uzhb kx,/sxz6v i3sc n 0,n?

  Which statement(s) about natural selection is/are q-lcr * (u3wcktrue?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuateddbolh8s (; ep;3*m ogp equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck lengt5bmfsn p6uw +5h of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchiu spw+5n5 m6fb) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the development of antibiotic rfoesrhq0h,/;do3; fj/qb 6 weesistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an example when d6 gm pvur ece7:t(mm;ywx+8-e iscussing industrial melanism. mr;+mxwm -e8tc76 p:uvee yg (

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evidence for evolutix*exq9j9 w 1 m8h u5flf79d;6ppuxilz on?

  In a population of finches, the jyl*ii0b9wc- /jfr8bt 16tc f frequency of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have f tb*j06ry/it-i8lf 1cjcbw9 been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changa/6bi1kn qe4zes to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are do/6ju4fo n 0dexample(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the m sgaqgy*jhaa,-a 0+1ck7 9 xyeffect of growing bacteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study ycajgg7s*,- +9ya01qhm aakx was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codominant manner. The gra39 xvcp0o-3avbdj.de/ 6h;(l )svwn,h qn tunph shows the proportions of people wpn nn,t0ahd/ o.x3wvhc9d(e sv)3j qu -lv6 b;ho are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) bn 6ol7 kmf 8gczp0mo(l; b5lb8o20ueq orn without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?no0;zl eu(c56bombol8ml2pgf0 q87 k

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into (+w7 yxkuorbjsz1t)3 j ;)tkuc6 nnatd3a q15rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example +)3;nna(7j t 1 uxcato)kujb15rs t 6qd3wyzkof?

  Which of the followia u+wh7c3:c ring statements best describes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structuq pj ,-(g7b/ 9nuafssjre of each forelimb shown below, which one is likely to be analogou- s,j/q7 buas9(jngpfs?

  Which are examples of direc+lj fwv cu)./r,ot sh wpx-n5fq65 sz:tional selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natu cvq)ol*/jeurl u316t f)se z4ral selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are h1z: b gyow+(woften found near the ground in tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptatiyw +:wgboh z(1on?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for su( s42qhqw+j lxag(-uhcking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistat 5jmw rta;10i++cgnd nce to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secmgdtir jt +w0c5 n+a1;rete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the forefoot+qg )(xuufbf3 -5x niz of horses from the oldest anbg+fzif(uxxuq3- n ) 5cestor (a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in 7v(ax 6abd, n lap3s(tvariation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximat-c . es/n)e6pyak9h8c z6yd/xy9e :mxkqchy6ely 18 finches which share a common ancese kn y. h6yy6a m6/cxkd9)yeh-sc9cp:xe 8/ zqtor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example of kq1kdt)0 n 3apspeciation?

1.Describe how mutathbhq (bw6 +k)jlv/x k5ions can result in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe aw w/rwx.f3x0ylf-; 3b7savh3fajy . fios u03daptations. Which of the following best describes the term evol a3 . ixsw.f j3-b73f;wfl03 y/aoxhyrwfvsu0 utionary fitness?