What is the correct definition of a gen fw231n pj4i7m7i+dc:ny tsane pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency wi;)+lh4a bcwox:y+0qf *pw gbrrq9 + 4 le-jejbthin a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference between 0 0.yp(j 36azsswykxok zp1njq,4 /pa natural selectoy k.p qj1kpza/,wnj406zy0x(3s s a pion and selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppereddfcj/rknc6-: moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. Whac: 6cf-jrk/n dt effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be used to support the theory , qn gtonpg/g66sil40of evoluti0p6/gos 4 6nl, qgtnigon?

  Which statement(s) about natury z6bb qa 2i7 5kb(m,pad6xvc0al selection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of puuc.fe rj7 5/ rmu0 pq3d1 mz6+kkf(guvnctuated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the re4k t29yzksid w-n n l(m.zj(h6lationship between the adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchmh.24tj(y ( s- k9lk ziwznnd6i) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the development of antibiotic resist xvc15mjl4 z,g)rfp-tance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an example whendc3bb* 17q+eiht*atwh 2g+ b 1 qruiz7 discussing industriaw1dh*bt+zqi7 g a ctqe3iub12*r 7hb+l melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evidence for evolutioc qokq .m95t40umqh;e n?

  In a population of finches, tu*h0 ns+89fw(bwryvl 5j2dqlhe frequency of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with smaj b52(wln 0 ufsqhdw*98l+yv rll beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes tx. 90s uex;difc j.e6tjx*t* ho a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) o 91m1( hbgbl ,xp8d4rink1b tdf selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing 0s4 ynb6sbo7l bacteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handlos4 6b70nsbly e had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a rdysbvsniej +g f 5fv;hmi72/3in85 6codominant manner. The graph s3srimb5 ;7jfv fg8n ni6 di 5/h+y2sevhows the proportions of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female Africa fakmc u,,z 5r;svcm79n elephants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in thufvzcrsm, m5a7; 9kc,e graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks igf)knx- scb(;twln rnk.4 47tn the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into4- b s(c)fxkr4;7nnng wl kt.t the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describes an analogous structure? p e4 p)l:akvnp;r+8lk04seks

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one is likely totea)m ssv*zw 7)7z*cn be analogous?*ez)s7nmc )w* v 7tsaz

  Which are examples of directional selectfyu r(w+mtwj rq+o3.g5q. h 2bion?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural select b+go yn2w*ycjt,t25h ion?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in tropical rainfoxa)d 2o;)c mukrests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful adac2m)) duoa ;xkptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted fo(2fc ti.ctf a0r sucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance c, goyri*w*s-to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this chg-, c*i*y rwosange occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the forefoot of horses fromr,6(7etr u .zaoxamt , the oldest ancestor (a) to modern day he (mr6 7aru,,xtz. toaorses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis resulk7*fsg aqr4 -p7f4itx7et n;dt in variation?

Darwin’s finches are a5k 6m0yeo7v pgis t/kw0b 3fzun5v20kb9*qor group of approximately 18 finches which share a common ancestor and are found on the Gal 7brqv0o9ok 5 kf*ny/zwbe5k uts0p m3 i0v2g6apagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example of speciatir,kg4wfub; u2on?

1.Describe how mutations can rc i .t8w7jsf4ia0bx 7hwe.22ow9ym vtesult in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a *or prdh5r2+ en1 q8epterm used to describe adaptations. Which of the following best describes the term evolutionrerp25qn8or e1 + dh*pary fitness?