What is the correct def m7(1gmu)l sxkinition of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the alle4v av,um*wm z x0fh+5ble frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference between natwm wi(()+spg*rgr8 j:u2orpu ural selecju8o((rps*)pmgrr2+wwi:g ution and selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered moth (Biston betulavby)sz hmgrd(14x 98x5o j lk;ria) lives on will become k)5o4v(z d xh9y;lb1x j rgm8sdarker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence thk-4v7x7i ) gp h2fpgt mj2ur u7oo)iq3at can be used to support the theory o7hiim 4)7 qp2tfp-uv o)27jku3xggor f evolution?

  Which statement(s) auy +x c sk2 bgq0niy(d5bi-n0sldu:f 7i5)le* bout natural selection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is tr lr. br,4v9op8vl apz4ue of punctuated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationa o 8- y2oehgar5qj*hjjd1(3pship between the adult neck length of Masai giraffes g *o(opar35 jjq-ye8hahdj2 1(G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following couiyqg-77u7fjmw nn6-g b 14gf z*xu(muld lead to the development of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used ao.2)q,u*c2 t6i stsfiu , s)mi0trkgds an example when discussing industrial s ,)sri. s0td u tm*t2fgki62 ,uqc)oimelanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual diverjxp6iz lu2 wxw24q h43gence provide evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finches with large beaks has i(1ypvz-2hq cgj7y 9id ncreased relative to(hyyqpi7 -c 2gjzvd 19 the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to a gene poe)1h7apkt s r-1cje2 mn(d7e)*t fxecol.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of selective breedi*.mf , wqz2aebng?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with different anti b/ n//q ;y:rux:ymvcop5yr*zbiotics can be investigated ry;:o/ m/*/bvryzc :npyx5uq. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codots8q02 t 1kp6 2gayk q4wp-obrminant manner. The graph shows the proportiont4 1bq ga2wpyopk-2 ks6rt08qs of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number xk ctih30cso.i bkqkf+8k84* of female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain t80 *xokk h4ktck+cbfi q83s.i he trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks d)xf dq:8uiz8z)q 9xvin the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean.9z:xxu vqd8q)izf)d 8 What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describv/9jzaoi(d7jg -qs9r es an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of zm90dfh -bzu v lj5q61each forelimb shown below, which one is likely to be analogous? zl 59b0h6f1d z-mvujq

  Which are examples of directional selectehp0vq* hfa5( o53zh uion?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natu adz6nt 8av x/2 k,3)vzdyqpz:ral selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in tropical rainfo7p0; lu)5:j nfcd +lljnq 4csmrests. Which characteristd;:cnsf54 llu7ljm+ )p nc0jqic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for suckv:r187q6/ jbo uh oxzging nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivores may develop into a p p n2h+k 5x0 n/(eyiorwbx5pq3opulation of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. 52 p5o (q x0wphiy/nrek bnx+3How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the foref2a1 fynn amdw-wu41ul8u: s,n/kr udfe(2e . goot of horses from theumne/ y2u-l(w uekn sf 8nd114:, dfgaarw2.u oldest ancestor (a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in va38wflngi hb 5/dsv7 e;1,p ziqriation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finches which share a common axg94ooq) 59wf 3u ,p6shdyuanncestor and are found on the Galapagos ino439uuhf5sx )a 9 pwy6o,dgqslands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example jdjr(.cc +2 udva9 0e3uk6oxpof speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result in natul1*zxgclb. s5ufvjs n(95 ,zp3c9 sbyral selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. Which of thh 1rys2r:8lfsjfnt i g6 4iiws3k);8xe following best describes the term evolutionary y1jf83 s2l x;:4)siwfi k8gntr6ris hfitness?