What is the correct definiti ug-j.5d;; 5zq l(gle:ndpp n- 6vikdson of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency within a populat/;gk4jd:t:+ bx2b nzbn cxjf)ion?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference bh ro2+ u l)osx*zpt*o5ff-vd-etween natural selection and sel*xosuh-* po zf-l+dv 5to fr)2ective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, i r;-lc(gx djb4.w16,nacmrvthe trees that the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the p1gd- ba;lxim4 w6j (c.v,nr rceppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists example0ty:pyj; 2yh wh u-h0f( bfa,zg,1thks of evidence that can be used to support the theory of evolution?h: z wa ,hgj0tt,(y-2 p0hk1b;yf ufhy

  Which statement(s) about natural selection is/arwp*givf 348w b 7emdk*e true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equilibri(gy4ppb*0u:q6r23kjjs8g szt:ed umum?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck length ofu5(h2tzgf/ r k3ba6kdr5vuh ) Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown d35r6a zu)v/ht5k(hbkrgf2 uby the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the development of antibiotic resistanc 0xoiv*p)(jne -ycfj:zne(os, m(ra ) (ljse4e?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an ex 8gj4su0gqcfbaj99r (ample when discussing industrial melanisqga8f r0j (94sjuc b9gm.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide e(:nj ryd3tgn :vidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finches with lay .:baa 2kmn+brge beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What couldm n.kab+2a:yb have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to a ro7 ,kt9q 9 4u+aojd3ajc anl 5x8oi+j5*klky gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following i/sdf l:d-k r8cs/are example(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how t .2bcyk: z2ree,rsc8lhe effect of growing bacteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of ant8lz r s.y 2c,re:be2ckibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codominant manne-7v lgs5j 0 7 bh9mme* 2uny/xoqqtr/gr. The graph shows the proportions of people who are homozygorgb2 /e-t *ujmmslhqy9nv/q 07xo75 g us affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxodonta african 4fn+5l+zawtc9dun;h a) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the 4acz;hl+5+nfw 9ud tn trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks in the*e1mzwm qo. scd8;7 q lo0udmp p.2o9m sand bar and dark c e 2;*p c9mdosmop71 wu0dzom8.lmq q.oloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describes a(1vixr- elsp:n analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown behsc a+q,oip b yu53/bl;5 *g3jsksgr(low, which one is likely to be anc js3i ;lkhgp/yu5ob+ ,3 qsa5r*b(g salogous?

  Which are examples of directionaly1 lu 27s3omf r7uhm4w selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural selec(hv-h g( dn-tytion?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near theq a1+yj3uyq:1j;4-hthgdt yb ground in tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf jy ug:1 yabj3h qthy ;4+t1-dqis an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar from flowerscq ,6dl gx6nd(?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivores may devew +eu-x plhe5-(foi,i .n /zu8dfqr0wlop into a population of plants that secrete a,0/+h o-.urxef -5nw il8dqwu( fzeip compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution oftfz+vjq bv wj:z f c+s5wem; ,0-*ye6g features in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestore+0cqbwmz; v*y,sw6+ ff :j -e ztgjv5 (a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in variation?+bgyt ((s;i4. mg lhwz

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finches which share a cof1:sk q,z6 q rs2,(k6qmfy*xyq 9jmtdmmon ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown belowmy( ,2qj6:skt6d 9q sy*qzm,q 1xrkff.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an e.a 2rwz(ec)iu xample of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result ijyuf ;q j+g3g,8mqk 4jw )zi3n:cfn2 nn natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. Which of the fol2trf- e*k vj/o46cm xtlowing best describvf er t jtcm4*6-k2/xoes the term evolutionary fitness?