What is the correct definition of a gene poolk. qmrl3sbn e+lc-s65kg;c )a?

  Which would not cause changes to the 8rrb+1: b*w klib qdep;ry.:jallele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifiy3:d n;m-:osjnlv ce 1es a similarity and difference between natural selection and selecy: s:jnmevd1 3on-;cltive breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered moth (Bisou*rpj70( hwfb.ioo-ton betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers? w 0pu-or fioh*.o(b7j

  Which option lists exampleeaxza/rt z2:mg7s*c ek)hs3ws91 oe(s of evidence that can be used to support the theory of e *ahxcs(3ke 1o2tg9mwz sz r7e:a es)/volution?

  Which statement(s) about natural sgu.v16da zi7 4vz+gdl election is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punc:c666ah itjmjq)e5g.a j 4md ltuated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship betweejp0r;/l. fc z(a9kie4 dw0 vvyn the adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the grapz 4jy. /;aedvwk(r0v0cp 9lifh?

  Which of the following could lead to the developm4dhqsv fr0bg2dj7 +xg d,ny00ent of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an eh4)69fc tvj;x8 af7 x ib0nmmc1mx -zxxample when discussing industrial mexfc m7 bx)mca6t9; 10z4hvxminf xj -8lanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evio lx3s4mr* 9xjdence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finches with large beak4:sji ca(psd7 s has increased recsdi:s4 7a jp(lative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes o7bojn:;m, meo oe 8fn8f changes to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) ov6wxlop+1k38dc x2gb xri y52 f selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with different antibioticyl x.1ae3kjxg7i:0q,e u g2n es can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measuremeiexy:. g7 03k juxe2gl1ane q,nts of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherit7kcm7t1vp)p pawe9ud x/n (5med in a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportions of peopw1c5k (a/pe x77)dn pvpu9mtmle who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of l0yf,otm b nk5,b*w s*o yu6(pfemale African elephants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does naybnf(l o,ykub 5,*os* pw t06mtural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rock*xn1m xy t0n5os in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blendnx on01y5mt* x better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describes an analogous structuwvni.5;ryp;jq:j 2 33 dxqcxtmh75 ulre?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below/5j6t9-mw zf -m.nlgmxy. lf(lgsm w:, which one is likely to be analmxy.l9m-fj m:s gmgw f.lnlt/6 5wz(- ogous?

  Which are examples of directional s 1+oy 0;uvjn)qrrp+ :p avjkv;election?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural4ptp + .iu1lus selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in tropical rainy:btu gc.7c;;vsx;t b forests. Which cc ;:by7txu;;bctgs v.haracteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar from flowers?qlv/ :65 z.s.-dvu7a/lwynm8dhnnsj8j uv5w

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbin+ hd+wdjp;c .vores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxi w;pd+.dhn +jcc to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution ofzaa,m)q .,md f features in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to modern day h.d,fm, )azaq morses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in-7dsvqm4ubbvq d:a )if -xj1+ variation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximatey ; jh-gom5k;wl1 . rx*i1vsjaly 18 finches which share a common ancestor and are found ogla5j; 1vrky.hsw ix j;*o1m -n the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example of speciat( hyp5vazc)vd t;.n9uion?

1.Describe how mutations can result inhcwe h9w(03r oybk: ,omsm98x natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term y6*s, ead5pkp used to describe adaptations. Which of the following best describes 6 p dke,*s5paythe term evolutionary fitness?