What is the correct definition ofnn6 *df083)rtjooc08i cp6q1msz oht a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequenftwd9fg+h6x1)nt6 ku.g:c s/ pt( ydncy within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference between;k6q.qbc- h.jeyqoe/0c9shk natural secekq hq os6. ;0c.yj9k/ hbeq-lection and selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, tvl0kl-; xhddy2 2 ns4whe trees that the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives-xwdyn 0 2;ksdhl24vl on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be ux ;ibm 4mv)y(7m *kgynsed to support the theory of evolution;)4k7b m vynm*y i(xmg?

  Which statement(s) about natural selection is/are true? ex0 uf*arll 97 c6cq5i
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punch g dr,;zmjp85onacq 3ui53,ctuated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relt)d 2k2a. atpvationship between the adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What tyt2pvd.aa 2kt)pe of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the deve.4 (h t) hprl6nqjba-tiiw2)qd( 9cz alopment of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an example whesw1uomp/a3d13xci.v wy *i6o n discussing industrial melanism.vdmi. s 1 oi3*wu/1pcyo3a6wx

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evidence for evxqt2 jk(4 oc2wolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finches with large 2e0j+fa))*s ozy ijg parhw :;beaks has increased relati) *+w)p : a0szrj2gyaofje;hi ve to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to a gensbw t ys0:j/5ee pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of selective b hks,rrfvu2 ;,reeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacte8l)tp;w n-fsrik)y pg:n9: e2za ls* gria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antip9:;8l) * trky i:se gwnnal-)pfgzs 2biotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a tt t/dwr /; y(alrw m60h.n3qxvrait that is inherited in a codominant manner. The graph shows whmvayn(3lr; / 6tqdw0 tr x/.the proportions of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Lt-d+pzr k 21si6wi 8ajoxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain t6jkdtpz+i1r s -2 8wiahe trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oyste t7mnrxf*x99.amux ),rz9mz yrs blend into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better i z9xrn)mm7uy.*fr99za ,xmxtnto the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statement f4 *3z9f4u ksr2svfnh7skuv8s best describes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, whikvmi21.q, us gch one is likely to be agi1 2vqk .ms,unalogous?

  Which are examples of direc;r : rk* ba8 ;p/qj;c*gnac*tp8lexi dtional selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural sele w+yl*g qsau60ction?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found wpg/uk2qtc 42near the ground in tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an exampl pc u4k2/gtq2we of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted foe) ve(e,*vo duz*mg :jr sucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbiv:vdrunvep9 -8ores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic topr:8v -uedn v9 herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution ohis q+ .wjp6qwn(y3o7 f features in the forefoot of horses from the oldest anc. 6(yqs+w3po iqwjh 7nestor (a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in variationdlq73u7i j:ehlhzs/(?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 fwlhnlq;ihv4(w*)hupx z3y2 8 inches which share a common ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown be3qpnwlhhzli8 w )v4hy;*u2 x (low.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not anp:6y lt;t.d:ae9kn vm example of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can r ig usr2.+)sxnesult in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. Which of the follfxce 7d7q,j; mowing best describ7x7,qjefdm c; es the term evolutionary fitness?