What is the correct definition of a gei()j,2yrl2gms/ ye zrne pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency wit4bojt5) + 9h2bfrkge lhin a population?

  Which of the following identifies a rw*c 9.wbrflx3j f jx(hm/9p 6similarity and difference between natural selection a lc.p99/ r*wrj j3bxfhf( xwm6nd selective breeding?

  As pollution levels dzm w7v a m5o;b2lfo4:rise, the trees that the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth lod5;v7w4o2b za:mfm population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of6mbo9rp-yg.vo f o0 )avyd, 5n evidence that can be used to support the theory ofb-dv9o n )myfovp.5go0yar 6 , evolution?

  Which statement(s) about natural selectioxdmex(/n8 7dc d -v(k iw9uq)wn is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equilibrium c4d/sza)p::, xiitph?

  The graph shows the relaer5 3e(-b tf-q,5kbt gd5hqbstionship between the adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selecti3rsg e-k5 (t5 fh-bdq5,bebtqon is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the development of antibiotic r(.s 5 uhvz2,t /mgzeycesistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an r gcug) )- 0)+gvlitcoexample when discussing industrial mt)v u)-g)0ccr olig+g elanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evidence for evolutionone+sk(l9iol20e pd tt )- h-b) b(qxb?

  In a population of finches, thn 3cmina(s3;w e frequency of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for s 3ic(w3nnma; this?

1.Outline the possible causes of chang*aw*r)ob4ltu5hyu 3n:csh :j ) 5eaq hes to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s ysyoe6p07g0w) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bak.d3k2nlaqhh/d z)t5. rs ;macteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study w35hak;. aktqr/ smlz2d ).nhdas conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codominant mxhbv 3xf -6lu-anner. The graph shows the proportions of people who are homozygous af h3xf6vlx-b -ufected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxodonta african:jb;gyk m) qc)a9c0h9dm xm+ca) born without tusks in Gorongosa Naty k 0c9jaqbxd:m)mm; gh)9cc+ional Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks in the sandi(k6q u hu-hf; bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example 6uh(fhi- ;qku of?

  Which of the following statements best describes an analogous structur q5u6 ncdh;e8fe?

  Based on the structure of each forel w)lss dzc/94)2xyx;c/+ac 4u0ajx:qpa egad imb shown below, which one is likely to be analogous? )xy 4axa p +asqa4u0d c;/c)jd9:gs/e xzlcw2

  Which are examples of directional seqes-i8s hi1gia .y25blection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural selmt,:r ljej40 kection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the u. kki5,3 -du8ns n p7/xu5azhftr2ar ground in tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of the lez3-fa 5t2p8rrnkh 7sundx u5uk/,a .i af is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar h* l wi/o;(2upu0oc sefrom flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivores may des*ug04 xc g;dnvelop into a population of plants that secrete a compoun dc;nxg ugs40*d toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the e+tl z2e+vl(qyvolution of features in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to modern day horsesq++( 2 zyvltel (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in var;s - 98oq3we 7izsavctiation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finches +t1 bbc0/os.n wb,g7x xsei8twhich share a common ancestor and are found on the Gala1 osg,ts tixen/b.7bxwb+ 80cpagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example of speci x j+c1la**21k 1ws2qm rbujxtation?

1.Describe how mutatulob4lu ; 9v7znbny84( y3gfi ions can result in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to desc5iraxn9s ug 0flz v cd:+46 ;4h+iemrjribe adaptations. Which of the following bendau +f:v4 0 6rsrx4+ihzelci59mjg;st describes the term evolutionary fitness?