What is the correct defin*rmekiym+e s; nv7;:s ition of a gene pool?

  Which would not caus3rjnft 6 arax0fx977ke changes to the allele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and disaz z1umcq s9 (n --29hi6ywrz lza)9tfference between natural selecti96cit-9 wnzqms ah)2u9 zs(y1- lza zron and selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered moth (Biston betularia) 5qvup7o;mgy*3i u9.x4c l owby6k(u st) ;fbhlives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth populati;;oy9pc3w x7 q hbk(t45 ui g) u6mso.lf*byvuon numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be used to / 1d g9cymfnm2 pkkq2*i.hvti6d/9zx support the theory of evol 1/k6 2it dxq9i/g nzkmcf hy.d29p*vmution?

  Which statement(s) about natural selection is/a-0-edmdpu-3 f .wmwuy re true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equ :-;yv yxg;b 1nvmrb7pnn f+u9ilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck length of Masai/x/t q3anm2b p giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown b xt3pa2m//nbq y the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the development of antibiotic resistance?ik9m-hlvrk wb* c: 92e

  The peppered moth (Bistonr d. opzued0o/ roueo+:5 87od betularia) is often used as an example when discussing industrial melanisooruzod8 o0r5 +due.p /7:oedm.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide88j q 0vy65nd(ag blgdl;yz3nf. j 5okg-lw5r evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, thz.ts etwj67 d)ci9 uv;e frequency of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a caus 9 t.;es76 vzuw)jticde for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to a gene po (qne)phk/mzi0x de0:ol.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following otbzqf6w l,j4b2li44 is/are example(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with different n;044pxoq+e(qt )pv n a:vqvjantibiotics can be investigvvtvonqqp;p e 4q( 0: nx)j+a4ated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inheritakoqb/t/8y v4t785y +nab bxw ed in a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportions of people wh/tba4/ vowtxq5by b 78ak+ yn8o are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of fe+tx0immv4 ezp t 0:8ttmale African elephants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in tt0:mt 48 exttzpm +0ivhe graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks in the sand b15/+)y o l9 2ra b,zfrfc:ywbkqwjk 8kar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What8w,orj5ak :9fwc z b)/ykb +2fry1l kq type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best des,fay o.v3u7nan,n 42mvri;r acribes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one is 9qdbtv3) rfrt 8j n-inz(zt.- likely to be antt9izfrqn bvt z-j dn83-r).(alogous?

  Which are examples of diwwzcu;uhd m lqfku23w7cngr 56(+ 9p8rectional selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural seb*o t ,ac3;g.nqzb+) y z-bur, i *lx.sbv9tollection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in tropic(w wnfg(; 4 xccwex6t,al rainforests. Which characteristwxt,ecg4x(; (f w 6wncic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapttfswk:9qs+ u 9kizb*-ed for sucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance 2 f/9b 0js2rxr x96oiyz w+erkto herbivores may develop into a population of plants that 2 +i2 fbowx06e9rrjz9/ rxyks secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolu p z.29db8dfp e6effszl:4l (wtion of features in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to lwdzez l dbff:9p 82(.s 4e6pfmodern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in variaticjz aj033d n-bon?

Darwin’s finches are a group of qt t) hhr);5vkv,od)l approximately 18 finches which share a common ancestor and are found on the Galapagos isl5 ;)tvkrovd,t) hhq )lands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an examp-x m tn8*)hzfup7f6 6 (mmqlv qzscfd2( h.6uele of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result if6qof7 yimiwc*z w 5,1xm k9k5n natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. v6r6.bsj:m/8b dj c cbWhich of the following best describes thej6j.bs 6b/rm8 vc dcb: term evolutionary fitness?