What is the correct definition of -ov fe57v+jw8wcow-r jpw 8;va gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frenag, z.r- zf 7q1.al ah)qgie: dr1v2wquency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference between nanm :5:xc yksr fv c,309ngu9zatural selecv:azxy:5rcg3,9uk mn f sn 90ction and selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered moth (Biston)s2he89n mtxn betularia) lives on will snh)8 x et92mnbecome darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be usev)yy/ rrh0cl1jfl xp1n50 dot h lf429d to support the theory of evolution?forj dr09hc )25yp 1xvlt4hlf0 /1ynl

  Which statement(s) about natural selectionv, cm:n 5joo (z.(jxpt is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equiliusa w6f k2emj(ar)91. tppj9bbrium?

  The graph shows the relationship betwto 29e/c,dc sjk56ztxtdz namr p*- 0+een the adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespanr+d 5ca x-,o0*n /62tkdcj9epzstzt m. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the development of anut(95q),p(eiipaa gq tibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betulazf+d+d5yi :wqo-n:gyg 4 nkz :ria) is often used as an example when discussing industria:+yq+ n:5 gif-gwzdo:yn kd z4l melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provids(unce 19xt+l e evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finches with large beakghe,u,. ;xp oes has increased relative to the freuoe .;,,h egxpquency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible0f 631bcw papv causes of changes to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are exams7os ihc7wfdz1v m1a09t ku* i)egg; 3ple(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with different anti-a 5y.lr -im 8sjfzje;n nb6x2biotics can be isajn y 6r 5z.8b-x mfl-inje2;nvestigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia ism hb:nuvgi9 5: a trait that is inherited in a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportions of peo:hm5ignb9v u :ple who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loqt8ohz) exn9vy :l0aj,. xni4xodonta africana) born withouqo,jix: 0ax v4 )nle9th8yz.nt tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend intot, )1 giiy pvr(+xa1iy rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of ,)t 1rg+aiy (p1xyvii the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best des /,pujiuso x9vy 9k:0xcribes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structurc 7gbk uge(c0n(k56 ple of each forelimb shown below, which one is likely to be ana k7(0k b5 cgngelpu6(clogous?

  Which are examples of directionalw7ro4t 8 wiy7on3 8eeh selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural selecte,) xo yh.jh8gion?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found neb a+y55bh,tn sz kg-(rar the ground in tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation? syrgt5k+b5nzb - ,( ha

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking ot5umm.f9 izm62 jf(inectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to jh2l9f1o3ou f( .fha/s k fs;iherbivores may develop into a populatfsul9. h2h3 o/;i kf1s(afj foion of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of freix6-,rzsjz,f0 ;t )dtqfx3 kxgo (9eatures in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestoijdr9xz); t z, gxrs ,toqk-f f603x(er (a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in var8p 9rd c-tci+fiation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 fincofocc7 8)bq(wru4n9 p hes which share a common ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below. 4o)9ou8fc 7 qpbnwc r(

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an examplkl7 pq , .69d:nsr5rih+wyf pge of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can re*y v-ifj 9yyu2sult in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term usedaopx +ib. x:zgb t e.(fj6o0j6 to describe adaptations. Which of the following j o6 .iz0ejp.a 6fg:(bxx+tobbest describes the term evolutionary fitness?