What is the correct definitio2k827+f 3r2 ex fmnvubt bwvf/n of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency wlbru+b ju6 c.u* *kjp5ithin a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference bet sg ceuj i2tfj; mw*14y0gc+1gween natural selection and selectivewgj*cfuj cgm+s; 2eytg1i014 breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trwk2rb+ot 3q tu;giw-i;km3- gees that the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth populg igu3qo i; rm+2kwb-t3wt ;k-ation numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that ckegm.kycn7 +73z4z3ndopv2*n1 f g oian be used to support the theory oc +7*1ozfmgi.7ng y3penzn4v o2kd 3kf evolution?

  Which statement(s) about natural selection is/are true?qh/z 0;glv eo mp/m2e4
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punct tcs3krlfmq6 u* jd33wt ug-*-uated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck lengtbi (4tky8 q r3:usdd5rh of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the grt8rkrb5:3( q dusiyd 4aph?

  Which of the following could l)i dir06hp37z5h3uqprkvj *gead to the development of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an example w9 ht/cmv**u ewhen discussing industrial melant /m v*h9ue*wcism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual diverl*16mr x-svfqxyc d 940o(slhgence provide evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finches with5k4t8d6 bvyn( w6we ,md,.4zlk ordtn large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beak5 nd tendkr 48o(vmyl 4w,tdwzb 6,.6ks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to a gene p) 33y-8o 3lxugz9aglwsqvb.0f* brfxool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following im;e tv;lxf yvg j932e9s/are example(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with different antibiorp * f+ fdy fi7h7;faf9,hbq2ktics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements off i*+pa7 h r fkby,ff72d;h9qf the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codominant mannerx-w blxc8/vjep4sr3 94js bj31 pocy-. The graph show 98bjroj4lpb3y3vs-wcjpx1 ce4s- x/s the proportions of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the numbe;*ag g*,v mrkyr of female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks iavk *m,rg *yg;n Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand colouripxvg-5z5gj s)o /lt4ed oysters blend into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepes -5)ip4lgs/ z 5xtvgojt parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following bk l ,ukn90d0/,wxk9o jk1wlf statements best describes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure gs mg6,7dllemb flqh2v5t d7/dcj+)a0. d x d3of each forelimb shown below, which one is likely to be analogous? eam qg,)ds2d3hbl6m.dxd gl+fc 7v70 dtjl/5

  Which are examples of directional sel7o2sk,1 swtahk +8lfayws,4m ection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natu5x x u (i3lg;d5849mlecowkxqral selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the groundbcjs a+).i+r*p(uf5.plyxz .w l+yr w in tropical rainforests. Whiclj(*5+rpyr+xfiw czplsw )a.b. y.u +h characteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar from flowers?n ql -e5bk73yu

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivoczx/*d7y8 6k1 khnohires may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivoresx7dhok/1hny* 6czi 8k. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in51sa;pmu d9 ytl6 l-dm the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to m yp ul;-lsdm615dt9maodern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result o6cg/u-j lp 7iin variation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finches which share a co thanr,u7 is)c+s( -aammon ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finc )c+ -u,h sra7an(sitahes are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example of spfhv-*yiq nv :2lhousq,,5h9 ;a fro5teciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result in natuvxqx( cy8, 7amm8vzd1.qw.dd ral selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. Which of the foll lxeq;j;v+o hn)w)nn+ owing best describes nnv) hq;)wjo ;x+nle+the term evolutionary fitness?