What is the correct definition o7y5 z-z 7 0pkztz7 e)puzg:5 cdgh1rluf a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allel6aj6g);a:/o-t fmu k6q 6bsx,yeqldk e frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies f nyssyj j+bg)) -)wn ,t+pfm1a similarity and difference between natural selecs,1pn w n))by t)s+f+m-jgjfy tion and selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees thatn)jk*gjr9ov9ra6 1 ze the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered motha1v9j 6kro9)z* jreg n population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be uso5 4dkm z1m/-pz up)hxed to support the theory of evolutd p14mz )/kp-umhzxo5ion?

  Which statement(s) about natural selection ispgk-x2m1ppuy4l2w g 6 5 rwzu6/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of pm1,qk)n8 fr 0jkw9 wbcunctuated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck length7 owhygga d/9avd .k-h0 z7)nh of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection z0 h9)a7/gkn.dahw -yg hvd7ois shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the developmeef ph0ljo- ((q :xjd-pnt of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betula-y+l 6 fnalrqepj+) g6ria) is often used as an example when discussing industrial mfnp yr+ej la)q 6lg-+6elanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergencehyn (/6c. s6ksb21stitf i mtioo;+ u- provide evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finch5b1 h7gm zr3; pa8q,kyf,zij ves with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a causz ,f;pkz 7 qbm351ryiajg8 h,ve for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of con)oe+z6dq bk my 81ojm;m 1g3hanges to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of selective b ljzvw 5z-l dya6omcxmc0*),5reeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the ehfd llb9rz (5+l67i,q 6e qstrffect of growing bacteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, ,idl (9zql7hsb 5qer+f6t6rlfor 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia .dnei1lz9 g n+n dmo6;is a trait that is inherited in a codominant manner. The graph shows the pro .9n;1leni+6d nmo gdzportions of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the nv1c6 v+bkf 0oplp5pa-mlf- ylhf4a ,,umber of female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection fa omy4bl,16lfp vah,l -pp 5k0- +fcvexplain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks in the sand bar anrr0f7qk 0 qzt.d dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example ofk 0tz r07.qrqf?

  Which of the following statements best describes an analogous pkrv l287aar -structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one is llar:j4/b+u e8+sov c oikely to be analogo: o aejsou +8v4c+br/lus?

  Which are examples of directional sez fs90y kl) cse/ 941gik:zklnlection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of naturaej vwq2w th: t0-q:(idb5c6-o lcs,v il selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in z+wc4tgj,d9wzd*0 if(u e0md tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an example of a tj( i fw czdd0*0 ,edz9wmug4+useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is bes5;cigd :g: juxt adapted for sucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivores may deva+ k6l t,fsy3xelop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herb skxa3y+, t6lfivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of featu i4a 5c7jrp h+da5xmo)res in the forefoot of horses from the p)i5j7a+ d4c x5hormaoldest ancestor (a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis resultu r7wtmumgvu*7s11 8)y1ecok in variation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18bbtxdsz0f 1 szi5/v3kfpxz(1 45p 2pm finches which share a common ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these pk sds0xzp3 15b m 1t(ibp5/z2vfzxf4finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example of, q/wclpsl1 /j speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result in natural seym:ah r4 fd ff.(nr1i(n. cg5ilection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations.9v/sj3h ypya ajc9s- + Which of the follow+/ycav s3 9sj-yahj 9ping best describes the term evolutionary fitness?