What is the correct definition of a gene pool?)a d)09ugkbc s

  Which would not cause changes to the6qpu/th0 w0ce allele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and, pu/a tw.ee b: o2zzz:)dhpdj8zry 07 difference between natural selection and seyz,0 : du8rt z7ezpja2/: pwobdzh .)elective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered /c+bmhotb uvl6q,p 4r .o5,xbmoth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population nubqv,m.pl56o/rb,c o+4 u xhtbmbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be used to support the theor-d a: 6 vbqs8o1irqfqw:ojx2c *k4 b2by of evolutia124bjk6:2vqf 8sxc-qwb i rd*obqo:on?

  Which statement(s) about nakh18nbmwx l 9x) gba*,pmz1t2 tural selection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is t..eu ;eyl.9 y)o)g 0u/v;bytj fops ojrue of punctuated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relatjt a dd1g(f)s*dzn y32ionship between the adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the averg)f1j*a dt( d3dny z2sage lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following coul5 i 4bg*5a,ecmfkgvsh ge: (p)d lead to the development of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) iwn0 c z: zqoqd1-l/i8ns often used as an example when discussing industrial melanismzwnzq-l:/0 q dc1n8io .

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence )h0 xvao tfta2mu.c;q,g -h,h i-sg+x provide evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of fikelq z7 3;f y+m5x3lq1humvv( nches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. Whatu hmq3+7xlz5 m 3el;(fqy1vkv could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes tospsz ;f+ad j m,:p8s7n a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/areg, 0eelt 2i0re example(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the ef9jyh)tang, h 0f c9:,gbztb,tfect of growing bacteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurementstb,h0 9gbaj): nfc hg9,ytzt, of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in ycby,: e;7rfs a codominant manner. The graph shows the prc; ysrby,ef7: oportions of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxodonten e0djg i9b04l w6ztr:8.hnha africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa Nationalh8j .04lrd tb:0enein9g6hz w Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters bln12gnp+zci0 obd iym( 0.,lt oend into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an exay lb,(on1+0i tcoip.m0n2gdzmple of?

  Which of the followin+k -ge1fy pok9*ym j1sg statements best describes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one is.d 945lq2cps* 60vfguuwqmy- zw.v a r likely to be analogou.vf.4m- w lv6ac2q9u pqgd r s0w5zuy*s?

  Which are examples of directionalqk7gg es-j7h4ih*:9q te+gy o selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of c 6/q1 dwhmg8loc .,.yti-nwhnatural selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in tropical rainforests. Wt ibv5,d rjvz)1/l2e ghich characteristic ofd jv)5z1ebl/vr,g 2ti the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted forib7 v fr-qgic*:y;;1wi-e y anc9uih+ sucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to2v 4o b- vop9p:ij1pki herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How 41ip j2bp vvi-o: kpo9could this change occur?

The diagram represents the e)rjj m2 s(oy7 rthh9/bjk.2b dvolution of features in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor yjb k(th9h7j)j2or mb.2sd/r(a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result inaltrkn 65br3 yd13fls33sxb0 variation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finches wi3t /g,jdd9h5 n6zi0v xk7 otihich share a common ancestor andi9 vo6,titiz3 70kdgn/ jhd5x are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an 3:w;2tf aol ugexample of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result in natuz3 73whdog6p kral selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptas6;,t a)qi bwa/ pl;iptions. Which of the following best d pqt/a)l,i;i6b;ws apescribes the term evolutionary fitness?