What is the correct definiti,a7 vu .dz5j 6tyrt,ah) qnz:uys0du.asz z-(on of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency within a popl 1oryqijpk/3u4r*n k cnki46: u f)7wulation?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and diffj-q,b ciy r;6c*tf:j( bcs3zcerence between natural selection and zcbbfqj,ycsj3c(ct- r i*: 6; selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees th- w0a41nvshaqy 3s,adat the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. Whatha- adqv40y,1 sw3 asn effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists ex 47; y m/rss(iumpiq w8le),vn8c2o 3hhbyhd3amples of evidence that can be used to support the theory ofn(/28ism dlmbyhph3 qh7;iwe43s 8 roc vyu), evolution?

  Which statement(s) about natural selehe 9 k 5jt5vi:(yrhkd*ction is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of ptpo j7,2pbs0d 4cm re*unctuated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck length of Masai gira2ww s(6 3pkrgdffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is 62wks p(g3rwd shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the dg-wb14sqe/cblzu .6 q9 i-iudevelopment of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an example when -tih q.9:jsl1qh,, det;wxls07c bczdiscussing industr q:slc 9e1thz ,h-c 7xl;0,dsti.bjqwial melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evidenc;2.oc*m +m fdhyy yjc.v)(z xxe for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of o9 gzx866knh u) htwj5finches with large beaks has increas68jthxw 9o5h z6n)guk ed relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to a gene poouata3yix76,m*t4 :jvt:i vn rl.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/az4)gdn / 6y5ku*y evnjre example(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with different antil 6ix4fmfgcmx 3 -07a+bsadgrg u208abiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a h afi l 7+sxgr m300u6gdf8ax-4bgc2amospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codominantzg9/op+ au ,a(oqyey ( manner. The graph shows the proportions of people/9ayu(z,e+y qgao o (p who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxodonta africnytu3s-px) w/99d ple)rhd r- - ,kmqtana) born without tusks in uke nstrd )wy-,pmd /9tqr )- 9l-ph3xGorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oystek evqogm w*0(m9z)c3o5j/dx frs blend into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the j(fm3)k */xmgdqz5 o9ew0co v deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best dew7 -1c: s5mcytn0hlkb8bqd)mscribes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb.r )q,jpg rwyd.4:j mf shown below, which one is likely to be anal djy:. )wjrqp,r4m.g fogous?

  Which are examples of directidyi ktk m+p8s4.c9y6u g 621zz l;pbkgonal selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of nat9:ore;: eccc lural selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in tropical 9rz/ x:(zs dvo06eue6eg6kkxrainforests. Whicu66es /9r zvxe:g06ok x(zkdeh characteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for 7l 1nqxqdc9aez1b -f5aqco6myt(8 + osucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance trt6z- hu9ctplz7)0duo herbivores may develop into a population of plants that s9u uh lpr0z -z7t)tcd6ecrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the forefoot of horsesdvy*m*s 91g t thrpab0ln1:xi c5a7z3 from the oldes0mgnhtsx5tv:b 1pzla* rc* 9di3a7y 1t ancestor (a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in 46 jwdfp w4fa* oj xt) pf e(k.-*0ecxgqy3;ylvariation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximazqmg+ jb.p2nffppw3kb s3(.:tely 18 finches which share a common ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these2.zkbfnmp+bp(g j33w q :s.pf finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an l9zlvs1djflb xcrp xsi 9mn-5r 7)9 1wy: 8da5example of speciation?

1.Describe how mutationscv ;q 92qva3,bkpx)ik can result in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. Which of t. o3urqy.2clghe following best describes thy o.q.uc3g 2lre term evolutionary fitness?