What is the correct definition uyh(.dpi6 tn6 of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause cjgxytwlc81s kvv:xf/q by/ 8e4i*-upr)-5y ohanges to the allele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and differh-w-qh53+- utnbp j 3wrpkxz(ence between natural selection and selectivznjw-urtxw3h--k3 p5p h+ ( qbe breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered moth (Biston betularia:3lpq5 lbzzzdi,im 838*kg jy) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population number:z5ykl3z8 p 3,b8ijqzglim*d s?

  Which option lists examp2c0vb +bk unb-les of evidence that can be used to support the theory of evobn0uv+bc- b2klution?

  Which statement(s) about natura n0*to+0ok hak1d mb,o5pw,mxl selection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punc6d,vtdjnqcet)4x h/ ;tuated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck lengt p;nbrnehfap:1n 5 9g,h of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of,e1h:n gb;fn9p5 nra p selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the development of antibiotic ree)b u-fau mfx 7jw+p,6s;. wpx4y lagmaxi,72sistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularj( kd,m8y anr( yqh/:3fcf70 3g mdx-vu- fpttia) is often used as an example when discussing industrial mela-t : y/8dyv-xkgp(u7,qrj30 df camtn 3f( fhmnism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evidence for evolution2cmgrf-d +bo3m71 b nq?

  In a population of finches, the satpe d0k5- 9sfrequency of finches with large beaks has increased relatd5s0tk 9p e-asive to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of chw a i*;w+ fl86r6hiq-ndiabsoc; jjj *h:v7r2anges to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the followinmb65 9rb mg9m, li*j.g-dq-wg h2eilqg is/are example(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with differ5f3ez ;,7 hyxmbx7lkgent antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measureme;gz xhy , bf77m5lexk3nts of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codominaj1 ef0gah4a:zr6 l)u wnt manner. The graph shows the proportions of people who are homozygoua0era g64)1 flh:zuj ws affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants )vecwa.n gt-4 oi(.usetu0 y0(Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorug 04.tew ce0a.t -v)un(syi oongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks iiic+v4sf;* 9pjai : sun the sand bar and ii+j4capis f ;s:v9*u dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements.q:ecy8iegts az qu86n g;u5) best describes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown 1z/. acknera7x+ jjl s106fyfw,lsi9 below, which one is likely to be analogous? zyw1 lj0 7nj,rae9 /si 6ca lkf1.x+sf

  Which are examples of directional selecti*xy3h7/lcq 6 it wgl i)9pluh/on?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural selectxl2 26r)rayuy ion?

  Broad-leaved plants are of8au.37nkowd xten found near the ground in tropical rainforests. Which characteri8kw7o .uxdn a3stic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar from fl3 14bn tbw ne1we9vjzn3vat 7/owers?

  A population of plants with ds0jrt4q yz6+m s q:/kno resistance to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a comz4sd60s q/tjk :r mqy+pound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the forefootnsao 2:v ,lk+v of horses from the oldesn o+2lsv,k:vat ancestor (a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result (iw3y)0c titlin variation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finches which share a com,1lb qwaw, 90fsa thd8mon ancestor and are found on the Galapagos isla8ww9 s af,1,qdhta l0bnds. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example /f2rbh:etrag ny,.m,p z2fi, of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result urb6g,qa0 6: wn f pj(rq)bm2dpy(2hzin natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. Wh9)nwy5nv c y8n4a nxz5ich of the following best yn5nn8x )y9azc4v5w n describes the term evolutionary fitness?