What is the correct definition ofh whi-u9i9vbq4*9 x qc a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency wi)jvpq9/ jqc8x thin a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference betweenogbbwh 6/-nl lroh(9a.k9mp + natural selection a hb-6(w9/ lbl.r+hpgok9n m oand selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered moth (Biston bevvne7ggbwt/d/1)1 8fyv 2fb btularia) lives on will become gdnt8/b v f1g) v bvw217efyb/darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that w)x09 ztm89 r: mfajhjcan be used to support the theory of evolut0:fhmwmjax zr) t89j9 ion?

  Which statement(s) about natural selection is/are true?ye ms/j/5*dnoryg oq8o23n4 k
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated etp vg-t,9yro/+)nmr w quilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck length of Masai girafx7q9;e8 q1w (axkrdva fes (G. ti e9;w7(xqrdx1a8 akqvppelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the development of antibio.* fz,bi430yirp( *k gzsglqqtic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston g4d0m v51axcb qhf k),tw.cx5wi/ as*betularia) is often used as an example when discussing inv5 0)cftgm4wqws*5xckh1ax da b,/i. dustrial melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evid:mnj4*rod db/u8c) , ko cx m,;mp;rufence for evolution?

  In a population of finch bq.utu+nq 1 .aid1 m4a2j(r02sk5 tp+xzmrhnes, the frequency of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequenchtbp+mu n z1utk 4r05 sani(a.2rqxj1+d2qm. y of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to a ge wb /sl+1,pkrmne pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are examplegvyenvdwa ( .g 8l1p.)zhs8 p:(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growk(.id,j1nx 1dj rl-wp ing bacteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developk,xd np-jr1ldwi.(j1ed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited8gv +rs 2gs*vl in a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportions of peop2+vrls v sg8g*le who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) bor(esvp:+2td1s4 vbs t1bxs f v)n without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selecti214t bfsv:xd(ps+t se1sv)vb on explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks inrjy )+lew1uz/ the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into tlerw/1+)uj yz he deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statemf4nw a0t2r*db /j( cjxents best describes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of rb xx o zxw-a5pl)7/(uf un),teach forelimb shown below, which one is likely to be anallr zxxbf)w o(ax/n,-u5u 7)p togous?

  Which are examples of directional sz 3 ho,)*btjcpelection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natur1wy9n 89unwk v- /rnj 9ge9dddal selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are o 7qy+t6bhl n4xften found near the ground in tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is q+ xtl674nhby an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking new0.pbc rvy5j; ctar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivores may develop into a pop+o. :k bddye+pulation of plants that secrete a compound toxbe+d+ y opk:.dic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in th 37cg,,r hiiyre forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to modern day horses (e)g7 rc,ihiyr3 ,.

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in variationdq:dg .ijh0*ws (5b mm?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately (h0f, cxf iv/q+shq0bjq+o g718 finches which share a common ancestor and ar+oghxi j fb,qcf+/v (07s0 qhqe found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example of speciation?eh f2.51dqb k 8:gvtff

1.Describe how mutations can result in natural selection. 4.,mvv2rnb1 ojc 3/rw6 +cg km5tmeg :6beadq

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe;ka 8 r hxtlx7a vj1e.,*k9lr*s;iqk i adaptations. Which of the following best describes the term evolutiq ai8 rrxakk.*j97;sx *l;k,vetl1 ihonary fitness?