What is the correct definition ot7k(5tpz3:9ncn l +y5h tvfr ecd9.sgf a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to thh+bs0 ppl b6nh, piq14e allele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similaritytp6d(lkni c p. 66q9mq and difference between natural select(6. i6p9 qld6ptmk qncion and selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered moth (B-e,a/wxmin -kiston betularia) lives on will bec/-kian,e- wxmome darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples ak jol)(5 xxa:of evidence that can be used to support the theory of evoaa5x)lkx( oj:lution?

  Which statement(s) about natural selection is/arjc0p p.k*zh uk 7smr+/jwa)q 5e true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true4z5)jz 7bf l.ng/m+ne0lg z yu of punctuated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck len4//6aquxadt g s kf5/ugth of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of tusd/q /f4xa/ 6ag5uk selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could leau*pgbw2uh1 m vxlk- 7e d7u35ld to the development of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) j5 ofq 8eu1emu5vl6j65bw zi 3is often used as an example when discussing ind v5536fe 86oju um5jl1iqwbzeustrial melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual diveqz9rs 2kr6.kjrgence provide evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the freq ji .q6wifp4q,2w orh5uency of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches jpoi246f, q whqwri5 .with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to a gene/2 v8vr h7scagl2+;kamr7kgq pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s)e3v*tn; f9x.u5 u yxwx of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria w7,l pnsa8 t;crvw-wvusfx,7: ith different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria fr , f:ut,vs-psvc87 a7rw;lnxwom a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codominant manner. The iugre, p.yj60 :dhh5) l6qpf.h +yv jlgraph shows the proportions of people whoq0v6ehpd5i hgrl.u ,f6.pj+y): hljy are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of fem,bg o8 ycvo.m/ale African elephants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Par.b ,myc8 v/ogok. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean,j m.- *inhd: ai,cnuidp),4kv sand coloured oysters blend into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend,id, 4uhd i:)vima -cknp n*j. better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best q8,djbz/1n po 5m5 lqk8l2tlu describes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which oneih b4nz*( w9zm is likely to be analogoz( 4hzm9 ibnw*us?

  Which are examples of di+1fq(o sy 8)mrf6e 4xkxrszx 4rectional selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural selectibb6xwxpb 1.ag;5f(t, :*oiw vub) o( wk ofcs:on?

  Broad-leaved plants are oftejrb bag(b 2apmz4;b6 7n found near the ground in tropical rainforests. Which characteristibaa2;g z6jrm7(b4 b bpc of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking u1.i 2 )q p z,dbwnlx(./nkcue-e,ztjnectar from flowers?

  A population of plants witq9 wqu/ /i6jerji// rzh no resistance to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a iiwurj9 zqr/q6j e// /compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the forefootahi1x)t tf1 7v of horses from the oldest ancestor (a)via)hx7 1ttf1 to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in variail s l+ahjh9.lyeh (/js,-,sv dz9t6k tion?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately hc cb(. x/5aktza5r t7 cknz8)18 finches which share a common ancest/bch8 t.aac5rkx 5ctkz7(n )zor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an examplxo1xq.t9 fxzfi;1n l8e of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result in v6:mgp,,zdd p jtm.w) natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. Which of the folbvyh4 :/: qh*m:ahju5l6fg y8l 6jul vlowing best describes the 4 v/:5m vhh l6y:8luug:f*ljya 6jbq hterm evolutionary fitness?