What is the correct d0 v e 0jpz-00 bg oee2ydz)s7d:peehv(efinition of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency within a populatiof a6 3k 7)ybinwcb:im6a*m 2rbm:egdf o,2kl7n?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference between natural se 0ij f ue2*vtu+j*rq pklam7.+lection and selective breedp2rek 7jquj a+0iuv ml+**. fting?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered moth (Biston betula pci5b45wkdadd)ot *p:ni5w; ria) lives on will beco5pk;i*d4wa 5td:i n)obc5pd w me darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be used ewb2sq04su:bl sz.n-x7n9i)kai .zuto support the theory of evolz2buwn i9xkbnqs e: a. l-z. su0is)74ution?

  Which statement(s) abou2hpvhl4; 9 b*yb e-34jskilcht natural selection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is trbpl.1gj *kk t2+qf; nhnp4 .wz+z u4xeue of punctuated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the a /l8azgtd9z qirc , s4;7kw9r8sfxggzp(/7zrdult neck length of Masai giraffes ( ix(zaczgzz qp 7/;wr,/9lfr87 s s9rg8kgt4dG. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to tq53z .t w0z ifb wrdxfg2p/o41w3/ubyhe development of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betu-s ttcx,)yhjmt8;d-d laria) is often used as an example when discussing industrial ms,t8- cy-jttx dd)m; helanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evidenceo pry7j.0g-.y9 ,ky: lregesg for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the vp)kdm3en6:/gi; i1* u xgut1;jtqcnfrequency of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small betmxj/16g: ; n1 kv*;gce duint u3i)pqaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to a gene pool.)+/ tku8lao oz

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of selective breedi0-h fp4)(sv:.d lm zbmwhb 7odng?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of g+e g7*klpsf n3rowing bacteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every7gln*+ ke3p fs 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait thql c 0s ao1,xc3fe7ut)ph,u* ;v 0depsat is inherited in a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportions of people who arexaul s0,7evcoft30p*c1 )q;e hus,p d homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants tz.n631g 1t9nciohsu (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How h t6uz9 gin1cnso1.3tdoes natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand colouqzub6nli ,pch 7,ga)0 red oysters blend into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the qh)z,0, 6uclgabnp7 i ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements d;7h bf1 mk bvq+p.szj+k+vl p e0:ty2best describes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, nd a6g+p1niutni4gu h/26q4q which one is likely to be analogous?u6n+h dgtnn2pgq 4 ua/4 i1q6i

  Which are examples of directional selectiolx-6ts)aocompf*lxq9 -z 73 bi;fu (on?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural selecti,dofpysm :+yrm9 +w2non?

  Broad-leaved plants are oftenazkmtm:e * tlkk)i: jp2q:f8( found near the ground in tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful am8:zi) t *eqp kjtk::k2lm(fadaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for 8 ynjf2s-4,roht). -odw psjasucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plantfs9odmvp(tv3b2 xn d g)30hi0 s with no resistance to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to her ov(090 )33tf dphgvsi2mbxn dbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the forefoot of horses ftw moi /:/yc+:4 zstfxrom the oldest: fs4t:i/tycox + wmz/ ancestor (a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result mi)jzhlo) e +7y(/ys7m h,xsgin variation?

Darwin’s finches are aa/2+ y tqlz,da group of approximately 18 finches which share a common ancestor and are found on the t/y+q a2d,lazGalapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the followi pk 4getnn+ gf:,mz,f s2.qv r76dm.pkng is not an example of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result in 1 (5zbcufqjd) natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. xcl +2yqggezrp lb8x nw:78/4 Which of the following best describes the term/lpz+wqr2e4:b l8xcggynx8 7 evolutionary fitness?