What is the correct definition of a gene pool3bi50r d y0hnw?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency within a populatiox:)vup 7;xx7p:bj fu*r vszm9n?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and dibdyu9b+s+7h xfference between natural selection and sele +yh+7b9xub dsctive breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the treesl x4hi.df bm) xti92v jr/fy.) that the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have xf.vx/y9jlbi)d m t.4if2rh) on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples ofpxn hs59;vlct30;x f j evidence that can be used to support the theory of evoluch50p ltxfx3 9s n;v;jtion?

  Which statement(s) about natural selection ) izvh wdt;23hlor56i is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated ezfj4l( zkf 4gon3zyd -:-gjrdqr9 p 5;quilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck length ok 7- o mq4xf3i4yqh-vwn aqi9c)u+* zwf Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) andqh-yq q wno4a74+) ixf 9ukc3wz*-vi m the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to t nwsyw *j .jtk 5 )jujks+)hvob4,)5xahe development of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often usedkz,+w ae6pm9a+0x yxl36smwd as an example when discussing industrial melanx le3, ad6sx+w9+y0amw pkm6z ism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual diveru*b pyi 2,9epvgence provide evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finches with large beakj /ydkn +,e3sl 7vchi.-h l1jzs has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have beei jle 1c,kzvh/jln7y -h3+d.s n a cause for this?

1.Outline the possiblewx/xbk- .yfjw;8arb2c8i qu* udw 9l1 causes of changes to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of selective breedilv5uh/: fzhqa)*es6 hjo6ak * ng?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing batv* y2ac z uk0v9*pk0tcteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken ck*a*p2tykzt 9uvv 0 0every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codominant manner;x(. vkxcgs,j k1x z7-cdlsm)9 sl3ziqcl;m, . The graph shows the proportio;-xss7,3z qkl xs m .ci;jzlc ,mxlk g(dc1)v9ns of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African e2jev :hl1ro *nlephants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the enjo*lv: 1r2h trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand colouc5/uw y)y3nxkfek; ccw4z6k er;5pd/q; lfx7red oysters blend into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts ofn6 ;5rxcy kwc4ez pdxk/3uecwyf7q)f /5l ;k; the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describes an analogo4)gznw ,--sdf -xjlfwus structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one jg4hz320 ycgy is likely to be anal0j h c3yg42zygogous?

  Which are examples of directional selo3b/ro1 h cdtjz25do;ection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an exampfve r;3ib(17 yuoq, uyle of natural selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are yr 3-9gavb * cqtaq j92t;m5izm7z4idoften found near the ground in tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an example of9 av;5im3zqdti9rymgqa*-b 7 t4 jc2z a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for v 3rd7ww.v2dd sucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivores may devele l)hj *fwfo(:+gf lihvy0 e7,op into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change :w feel fg70+v,lf(o* jih)hy occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of 7asrtfa(8 -y+r n5zkqsk7;sx features in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestorn7qa-zkr8ks5s 7sa( f+xr y; t (a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in variatin41qijbmpwz 2 q 9/q;4xexk sb( 2s*deon?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finch4* bs(nl0j:nd ec4jjjes which share a common ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are showj :ejj0nn4d 4bc *ls(jn below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not ldzko;ts++:q an example of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations*fvdo-v (6 f2rw5n chrp8s7c e can result in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describ e .jutt708vxkcxrduea/ :;hlt ) 0y1le adaptations. Which of the following best describes the term evolutionary fitness?yh ktu)xve e dux:t7a.;0r1l 8t c0j/l