What is the correct definition of a gene pool? tob7l82q5 zspn( pld;

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency withf :jpufs g2web6* zn3x47v5 pxin a population?

  Which of the following identifies a sikl 2b6cj3juj;t/dc c0( /rq(vj emcz1 milarity and difference between natural selection cc(ukjte/ jvb/m1 dj l (r0 ccq;6z23jand selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, thec3d;zdjeqe :7 9p jl8o trees that the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth pe7do3 ql:c8j;e j9pzdopulation numbers?

  Which option lists examparxde 1j71tccf.yl 73les of evidence that can be used to support the theory of evol.7c ytf37r d1caxl1jeution?

  Which statement(s) about natural selection is/are tr-:8 la5kobu-v8ync 2f cwirkyuu4 q1 *ue?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equilibrium?s)l1snfb71 t l

  The graph shows the relationship between the ;02sck)zwo vttv4zy ,adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) 2t,o0w;)zs kz yvv4ct and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to v.bk(hp o e;b1ew,:3zbuwu k/the development of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia)hq,a tv5be7tp2;- y0r 0 gveku is often used as an example when discussing industr7 5-0r pt eu0qave;kt,vgh2yb ial melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide eugij 3 361ow-a vxb(tnvidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finches with large beaks ha h08e/hw(ca2ha0a)i qxpozdt o2 ps83s increased relative to the frequency of h23a88ctqd zxaiap20hhs (wo0 )po e/ finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of cha0.see f 7iyj.anges to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of se;mux; ;pdnw-r*bi v ocz b8q-:lective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with different antibi4eah c7yg,p51dc , wggotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were takedgpge4 1, c7w5,agh ycn every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait3fhwz lxd:qk8 3uz. 8i that is inherited in a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportions of people who are homozygous affek:8.xfzdlz wq8ih u33 cted (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxodonhnpiqaaq7 ,( rv/;v+gta africana) born without tusks in Gorongo( ;gq,ni7v qpa/hvra+sa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean,nb+s i7,tr0x p sand coloured oysters blend into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into tnb ,s0it7p+ rxhe deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describes an analcnuq :qw8y368nl6 yz2f0li qu ogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb ht pw a-ron);3shown below, which one is likely to be analo th)-;po nrw3agous?

  Which are examples of directional selecpy0 . ms4;-ak+yjhvkktion?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural sel; b 6f:;(va9j2wm1 av)fnknfuh:zuyv ection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in tropical rainforests. Whp 4)2o ,qfpkk -7)cph 7lsohgpich characteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptat,-ppkkc p)o2q 4solp)h7hg f7ion?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for suckin d)l mm-9 3 bkj+drm35+c(-sfaekuhuvg nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivores may develop i-jb6r a :l3trjnto a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How b6 tlr3 -jrja:could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in tp/r,b)kig - rnhe forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to mokrg n)-pbi, /rdern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis resm ;83af d1 e0wfx+ck+uxj lym*ult in variation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finches which share a cu vv11v vpzx c7,eo6 8qhwg2+vommon ancestorg2z81v 7v,vvv+6wo qeuxhpc1 and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is noecj bpj 2 kb.i) qs65stc)hk-)t an example of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result in nh-.6bf4k6txy 7ws gon atural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used t4mqou/ ssk*8w o describe adaptations. Which of the following best desskqus/ w8 o4m*cribes the term evolutionary fitness?