What is the correct definition of a g9 kjdh7n0*3z4 fazp+gl s i/ggene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequenc6 kqhnl ;(t+/pa; za j/cegrv8l up/3ey within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference beth)t2m+5 iyon wween natural selection and selective breedio+im 5t) hnyw2ng?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the pepper n4 i p ;0ottvzo)itd76esq*c+ /prd,qed moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth populatiot4o tr0,/t;+7odisq ve q*niz)p 6dp cn numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evi5 h jq+xxyx.*idence that can be used to support the theory of evoluj.x x*q+ih5xy tion?

  Which statement(s) about natural selection is/are tru0.miy(15caed coe x 6we?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of puncmsqf lw(a e0mh; a;j18r+/ k;kuavdx2tuated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationshk 5vcb(+4i v: :9hmc4 qyrbkv;jmao/nip between the adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirch mr/kj+nv4bcmycaho ;:9 k( 4:q5i bvvi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead e l*/p*fx.xer to the development of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an example when discussiny t3,vv7ddi,ya55 ai4y/xsr7cx5s gxg industrial melaniv4 yy577sxv xagrd5dcis3a, i,yx5 t/sm.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide 1 jz+68ebm(lt/,c (dy:xtpwnac :gsfevidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finches with large beaks hastpu3urxtx.j+.6kakn 6- ,yx4rl wy,2vi zba( increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have beenxar2(t lr, .6 xnpu.+jy,w-bx4ktvu 3k z6 iya a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changap q-x/8 ffui0es to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/o2 n1fch:xa1bb7.x qp8c nsh 9are example(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how t hl kco8.tmtm4 (/lfa2he effect of growing bacteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door.4ltt col(hmk8 f/am 2 handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codomin4 e+yqp ntsg +z594zsaant manner. The graph shows the proportion+ 4n4+ 9ztpzqagey s5ss of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephxph7h .*-v*egpy -c 44olki yrants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend sh rg kx lpycyopv.4 *h--*he4i7own in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oyy kh3 /t3wz,nmsters blend into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selectioh,z3tm3 / kwynn is this an example of?

  Which of the following t+ct2qzmf v-6statements best describes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structur9(:6+puqrl h,-fvk whkuu5o x e of each forelimb shown below, which one is likely to be anhh6puu:r 9 u5fvk- (wl+oq,kx alogous?

  Which are examples of dirpb .qlagurk bl.,21 h5ectional selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural selectiosk7lkd pi 1:4gn?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found /99y2:rr urt3cs4ft iati0 j unear the ground in tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an example of r4 s :i30 u/rycturitjfa929 ta useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking y i6 .ndfd2zo p+q/gn,nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivore:yah l)kj45 rps may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to hj5klh :4a ryp)erbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the forefoot of horses f1d(m9khw t6f zjpqqvv 91zg w7fi 6z+3rom the oldest ancestor (a) to modern da1 9pvzwhz(6+i6g7f1k3v9qdwq z f jmt y horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis resu cu bz0xl1n*/yix1 uo/8nj xd/lt in variation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 fifbuh42 bq:w su/o-/clnches which share a common ancestor and are found on bo-//sq:uc fu bl4hw2the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an examuh*a2m a6qv*j 8a8vy mple of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result in natural selection c1n8q. r5oie, /olnbp.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. Which of tva vg/iyyi+ f9(4:wcphe following best describes the ter/(v 4yiwy fa:9cp+g ivm evolutionary fitness?