What is the correct xy vu(p hc.,-,v njwflbb: t0;:mnaz1definition of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to tog/xxcy87z1*jp/b wa he allele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifwniy m,,2-vtahqnca0 b,2uge,13sh uies a similarity and difference between natural selectam-g, v,yn h 2h nw aeu0,3tu,1b2cqsiion and selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees thad: +q.(g b s0mu0ap hwk9zxt*bt the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will becomebzq :ta9 ds0h(.+bmw *g0pu kx darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence ths/)cvr li/fh 2e) cd1fat can be used to support the theory of )deh2fcl 1src/i/ vf)evolution?

  Which statement(s) about natural seles0zc +4 +g.c:dnh rqeoction is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equilibriupe ji2 p9m845/yaalp y/p4hfg m?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck length of Masai giru p:y- +e:iudkaffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the :iu-eukpy:+ daverage lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the devellj vz,.ef;,d 7iydz b)opment of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an example when discs7c dd5*fm jn8r -dflf4ep* e+ussing industrial melanid-m ln pser5f dcef8d47f*j*+sm.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evidencew *vmz5tjin m+)ud z-l 95ds;u for evolution?

  In a population of fin:pi: f2t jhgw6ches, the frequency of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beg: iw p6ftj2:haks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of )/zb c9lr i) a;iw)hqtchanges to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are exa bny8m+zmq4m3e*s - dample(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria wi h)xpm u( irje4ixqm38,x-l-tth different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resista)qipx 3x4-mxet,-u8rmj i (hlnce that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codominapzui 1l2zo (a)nt manner. The graph shows the proportions of people who arapz i(uo z)2l1e homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) bor (:83zomx2sf7mzmm5 g oj 5xxbn without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain th5fxzx( mbzojs8 :mg2om75mx3 e trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blendw ee+6u;sb+(z6 jmb jr into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend beb uw;z +me+jeb6(6 jsrtter into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describe n f9(km6m+-xy,l*+qr ;ndjalbh+vmhs an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb sho cgm7l5b7c e3bb3 oix9wn below, which one is likely to be analogous? 3775b 3exio9ccb gblm

  Which are examples of dirfc 6uyr2 o8ce4ectional selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an examplennh ua/3h3k u8 of natural selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in tropical rainfores;1/-wgfavp x(o cdr dl 9kii6e-w/*rd ts. Which xa pfidrgo w9(d *ci r-/ke-/dwv6l;1characteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar from flow;qq1 xx .alb.wers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivorepbr i cqyfu;u-o)+)62llz2xk s may develop into a population of p r+f2cl)ou2 b kyliqx6up;-)zlants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of8ing u*vd o t1y0qi1f; features in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to modern ;*ig0t q dv8fi11ouynday horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in v mx.m79 zjwysfs:gu2 170f 6tlpq2kljariation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finches which share a commo t 8(jr,su8nhun ancestor and are found on the Galapagosu (r ,jn8t8hsu islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following ismtfdq4l 9 :csu.pcglf,c9 , 2u not an example of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations cac0nk 2wqzg, ; pyxw+-un result in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term us 5gqz:tis88pih3otk:: v2d 5. xdppzyed to describe adaptations. Which of the following best describes the terk8i z3:t5pt:qp8z.xd doyg vhi2 s:5 pm evolutionary fitness?