What is the correct definnxs )kdyor9,w 3o5bm( - g bm)p7cfll)mq7:m fition of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency withiulr+3- m ji88mp, ibla8 30nnl yvowc)n a population?

  Which of the following identifies ,1;ewxbf.ilgn) gdrirkxn ,0 6f6(e e a similarity and difference between natural selection and selective if0 i(gree,l 6ewkd)6g;bx .f1r,nnxbreeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered moth (Biston betularia) me0qffu4j/ vi/f5r2glives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbei2gq ufr v/em5/0fj4frs?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be used to 2 jge mq;gz42n4v1 y3sk5wtq0av19cqj x jy:y support the theory of evolutiok3 y c mgz:sjg0w vn24 5xyet9q1ja4q;vyj12qn?

  Which statement(s) ab/8o 4h5yhrrs, et-o n4nmq6 hfout natural selection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated eq s5cs)x i:r i2s n16v,qo2vinquilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck length of Masai gixvx)nn)fh 9 sl+q.j .oraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the grapj)l xs+vxqhn. )o9.fn h?

  Which of the following could lead to the development of anti vxa6jrliw:196ky) yebiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is oftencs-6lw*vf vd ro xi *):cw99nr used as an example when discussing industrial med*)is99 w vrn crw:cvofxl-6*lanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide6+7(mbyq tjg v evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, *vu2p:,zn u m ass5,sxthe frequency of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What cou vu5,zs*ps2s: n xma,uld have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of c0zgjckt-z)xmi 5e2x r4 t:8 nu l1h3cnhanges to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are exampt5q j-yr,uxjq;c n l,2or6rv:le(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growingkmdjgjo4x6 er+cia9ork:d g+;), b14b0fm gq bacteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handj4 xmbdg6f,agq0 e ;1+jogi:kr+kd m b4 )r9cole had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in0i+0- s s2:yd0anp spbkbl:ye a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportip-l 0yai ben:pk:0b+d ys20s sons of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the numbexx ,:z9 ( lrs6kzl9-midu+cslr of female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) born without tz lx(d, szri6msl:uk+ cxl-99usks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand colgfw2gn2e.9u9wbh pj4 o6y+l e oured oysters blend into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend beu.gnh +lpg4 6 e9 fbwowyj22e9tter into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describes an analogous stru; yt o8whst;,g 0btf(u3bs cm/cture?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one is lhpayx2shwa h0- 6c. s:ikely to be analogoucsa02h y. aw6-:h hpsxs?

  Which are examples of directional sel)/ zreuber9ontrpe,9: a::jv ection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example op8fzwr eru1i *q; .*b u1lm/wtf natural selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near thswie-;6vabi; uko2;x e ground in tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an exampl2iei ;;suwb6xoka-v ;e of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for ,o3kke j 78wux(jye*a sucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no rey8*owd326hzt l s;vfesistance to herbivores may develop into a population of plate;* syvwfh68z 23od lnts that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represent* h5mm/z h3ev s9 kqtxfn(r64bs the evolution of features in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to modern day horses9m r6 vn/ (hz35kbf*qtemh 4xs (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in var3ersso3d ehl16 jz*t.iation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finches whic7s5cgh :66zmzga k3sh)gday)): mhet h share a common ancestor and are foug ch:z6ad)3hgety s)a76k )h:5szm mg nd on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example6,2uxzx*fhz40 mks/gb mcyw rrp.g8 5 of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result hmkg7k9l /wxhmc +; 7l-gh4bg in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. Which of the fol* q/)xo55r wcdd 9m3lhaw. kjnlowing best desc95)ddj*hnr / mx5aqwo. klwc3 ribes the term evolutionary fitness?