What is the correct def dbkza 2+ wkx3pp*8jp*inition of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allelnp, yahw.p+4 5s:p kute frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity a5o w;4dnrl 4tjc7mybbfo,+ +qnd difference between natural se cfbtlbo+ qdjywo, 45; mr+4n7lection and selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered moth (Bistot;xah0h-) nw yn betularia) livesaw h0-;nyt xh) on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can sb8o 0ejhtr .t36dq/t- vpzn7be used to support the theory ofjez/p8r b th ot.63-dnv 0sqt7 evolution?

  Which statement(s) abou i(o,a3 2 qyc7kmpkkc4t natural selection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is tru- ifbms 6pu/y-e of punctuated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relat*r4/)y2 wo) hv lpq iztbnsb1x-)iiy5ionship between the adult neck length of Masai giraffes * /itbx)yzy qbhoi )-lvw) nr5 4s1i2p(G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the development of antibiotic r7bmps5lm84v z esistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often ofq /dtpb4)fw5d4nw*im-/+funlj1 dz jxt/ 8 used as an example when discussing industrial mel-nxd zd5/* uqjt/lm+f i f)wbp4tdo18 n4j/wfanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provid smd1 k hr5gocb l0u984cc01vke evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finches with large beaks hasjp c 4h y:cib8h,bbz4dmw*,g2 increased relative to the frequen gmj4, d*4,h :bcbwpizc b28yhcy of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes e2 v3; g2beknwto a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of selective breedingog9bmxc hb7 ;6)esw;p ?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how t6iz/,o fw( esll)+c/,atrwl q he effect of growing bacteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to t o/f/ s+i, wl6zwcr,)ellq (taest the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that gads-m7 ub.3y is inherited in a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportions of people who are homozygous.bmg d-usay37 affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of f9a kys2jb3 x+iemale African elephants (Loxodonta africana) born withoukj9 3ab2+ixy st tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend in8/e;ykkzo;hw*e cx n0to rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters8/0;hyx k k e;*nzcewo blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describes an analogousrun ai34 ;w8an structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown bel3h/: y.hzxht0(jb upoow, which one is likely to be anbt :.hu0/yh3h(jxpz oalogous?

  Which are examples of di +nai*l25bjmqdhrp+ 2iwn v5;a;6 ukvrectional selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natw3m -diy:vh /ew:r (wpural selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often fow7du 6az6nkbm5 +cf+gund near the ground in tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an example of zg w+baducn6m7 6kf 5+a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best ada)u pvb05msw+l3rc p f6pted for sucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no rej r xl4k:8r0ebsistance to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change o8k e0jr4 lx:brccur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the foref*x2cr4qp a. w1d ika dco9.d8zoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to modern dw 2.8x*dk1aci9r pdodc .a qz4ay horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in variat j6//;tvpc xzea: m:poion?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finches which share a ctk3 ;*uq*v.ete : :dx,qfv vsoommon ancestor and are fvt:.;qtsoex u*,dk3fqe*v: vound on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example of sped 4ae1c(k 6.v8s xsnnhciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result in natural selection.1mfc+67,.k kqguua xk

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. Which s/os)+bkn :edjg(v 7pof the following best desnsg/v( ks: od+j 7)bepcribes the term evolutionary fitness?