What is the correct definition of a gene pool?/ h2rq 1phisx- wt3ngjj6*d :(s ih6ef

  Which would not cause changes to the awjvrj6duw5+ 59hw hs: llele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifi(mob8awkx las -y s- d(+k)3a, (zwipies a similarity and difference between natural selection ak8z(b3)y,kaix ao- s+ aws(mpi ld-w(nd selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the tree9p* j gozq/be:s that the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth populatio:qebopjz9 g/ *n numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be used to support the the 8970g rxb5fsi cv2ildory of evolu x5cgris70 bf829vldition?

  Which statement(s) about u4c1m+nx.ekb4s( 0bbjk 4 w yp vd7nt4natural selection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equilibriu:t2nkf1 6f ylsm?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck length of w t4r xz(+bk6qmjw+irad73u6Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the aver+a4r+6w7q3 6uiwxjmzr(db k tage lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following 5x+ vum:+ njkxcould lead to the development of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is *zofxd 9m:)xc often used as an example when discussing industrial melanism)*zoxxf9c d: m.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evidence for evoluti1 fb(+) 43iy q jod:jj+yz)jy3 kgficnon?

  In a population of finches, the freque;ala bi*4evm1*5iwb0gs x a2c d1v0s gncy of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. Whatw2 bs 0 5l;4gv diiv1a*ac10bmxag e*s could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes ,) tnxtuogw +u8eu 82gof changes to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s)6un6frn6jtr - r9 twv* of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the eff9snvcb abkea)-*vzx1,g6ky1)vm i9 qect of growing bacteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for1bsy-c z1x)amv6gnkkbe , i q99) v*va 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codominant mann)yqlr ,7a8mit er. The graph shows the proportions of people who are homozygqm)l7 8ia, rytous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) b1dd e/+zt x s( z;)es+jtygz1+trq3gk orn without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selecttd j(/ zeykztgz tr+q3 d+1e)1ssx;g +ion explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks o2uyz 1u1ram7 piulvtk tqp -;8 b5+8fin the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepesqul ik;t+817b8f 1vpmurot u5-p 2ay zt parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describes an analogous strajxekc+*e9g9x v; g( lucture?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb showofw5o. z8d;e hn below, which one is likely to be analowoh.5 f 8;zeodgous?

  Which are examples of direcz3ke.n*en ;l 5zk5;)cmbfxvbf wuu11tional selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natu3q+n9kgvx qy)4 0x0;q axb6t gqbqwg2ral selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the grou: k5lie45(qsle o 6tjra4j7lgqr5 6sfnd in tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful ad75ks 6loefq4aelgit j56srj: (4r l5q aptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar from flrd /tm8kzv .5i9ln*vx owers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivores 22s vu: oommpf5tlx 0 85wwof5may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound to:2lwu8mvp55o20 5wtof x o mfsxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the forefmf ta4ryd is cki:+670oot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to modern day+7ka6itc 0r s4:idfm y horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in variationm85zidg;; 97hra(4wdl jsk y e 4u7vcp?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 mih dbwy/*g5 co*r7e 1finches which share a common ancestor and are found on the Galapago*o 7/bdiw h5c*gemyr 1s islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example of ( uqjeh(-d* gmspeciation?

1.Describe how mutations can resultg vktk848)0+poq cqsq in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a terj 9c9av.ybz yva0x-y-m used to describe adaptations. Which of the following best describes the term evolutionary fitnessbyyzv--.99x aaj 0cvy ?