What is the correct definition of a gene))dryk t svr;t, lul10h (-(jvhw scz. pool?

  Which would not cause cp67uuw, ht ;lahanges to the allele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference betweepw4pgqb (w9v8ni9 ih. z. yp1vn natural selection and selective breedvqh g wb(.4npv yp.iz9wi89p1ing?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppere li64l54qsmwl d moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will thi l5llm4 6qwis4s have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be t6)jlysoz 2vmu5 b rcv,2kw2 )used to support the theory of evoluto 2 , 2c2w6b)vsu)tjlyvmr5kzion?

  Which statement(s) about naturqsn o)lnt m o:lt5608wal selection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equilibrium?3fwkt(x+ssr +bq-9g t .fq)dn

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck length of Masas vi kqnm.1ss8v/ +8mqi giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection k8q/ i1mssmvq8n.+ vsis shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the develop g)r(rb7e*uv e46v )tsbpw *3taep ;sdment of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an example when discussz1yz4(y78 lhpt8 hqz joq9 kp.ing inph8t9j7z l 1zq 48ypky(zh.qodustrial melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evide-s :zuuytm k.f2y:1kd nce for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of f v o gpn4qwz8f/ufbuv2b*)/m4inches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for thism)w8/bn fu go4 /*vf2q4pzuvb?

1.Outline the possible causewq s; ewx-9/pe v7i-izs of changes to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of selective bzz/971vevv mo reeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with difpqtw/ w/ *serbu5gb48 ferent antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted t res bu4t* b8wq5g//pwo test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codominant manner. Ther-v-:u(ixz.z tn1 n:n,ip oi p graph shows the proportions of people who are homozygous affected (op: v,n-. i(pzt-xnui:i1n r zHb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African el3k5id +f d9zgdephants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How doe9zf3i +g5dk dds natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blenq*euxvo*x,hyqj 1 zubno/uix s*.6: 1d into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the d oq6xenhu1s*ujq1. *o bi/z:uy* vx, xeepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best des 8 qdj6svps-kx4 u+.yscribes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one is ant7l.zpwyz5.g: k6(b n*gjdlikely to be anaw 7pt*jla.(nd gg6k zyn:z5.blogous?

  Which are examples of ec)ix hj(sx:*c4tp wpo76 c. kdirectional selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural selec/ wfylz 59dqo7x;p8eu4qeu j6 tion?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in tropical rainfores/9/cfb ilr :udts. Which characteristic of the leaf is an exb id/ur9 f:/lcample of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar f/k(x5 n;okf7 7jjl0bl(yqkj h rom flowers?

  A population of plants with no resi8/7eidvl 5 bjzu;vme 7xj (592omerusstance to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compovs;vdxz7/jme( mliej5u 7rb92u5 8e ound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the forefohhpm80wv3 juv/ rxm+*z-b(ie ot of horses from the oldesm(/pwvv 3ie u+jm rhhz8x0- b*t ancestor (a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in vhrx,cw 2u99nxd; h:azariation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finches which share a c arl2isk wp,vuv:52u8.;ua( tz. phkcommon ancestor azlwv2paput..h 5v:2 8sk u, rikcu;(and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example of s7aah /ij on*o0peciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result in natural select l0 l7dqk8r:cuion.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term uur5 axr6 ;frp;sed to describe adaptations. Which of the following best describes the pr;; u5x rafr6term evolutionary fitness?