What is the correct definitmq6rd tl m4go8 ;mc*c(9hv5 fqf r+n3rion of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency withig( 8i tbdy306bs6dahrn a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and differen 0y v6 ske*7/ob6elnjfce between natural seo n*0ej svbfl676ek /ylection and selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered moth (Bist+qd )i/jq 0vkp o0; ut.--ghgino1iujon betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth populationj0tu hi )jo 1q-go+.-dg0viu k/iqn;p numbers?

  Which option lists examples pz 2fda8hekd / zxd/* 8;id:ooof evidence that can be used to support the theory of evolutionod/hpzo/:;x d f8 e*8ikad2dz ?

  Which statement(s) about natural selection iko,4 6nanm h1 f7*hvhps/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equilisdj wloe7,i 274n tnq4brium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck length of Masw (vzt6dmzax 6:j53p sai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graphpsa (jzd66w3x v :5mtz?

  Which of the followi;jzij+ njq/v etwk3 l1bvj(( )ng could lead to the development of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) 1c,slt b7byks9z .6ny is often used as an example when discussing in yz 6,tk79bnlb1cs.sydustrial melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provid3qyfd .ku/yer . w6jg-e evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finches with large beaks zm u j wy:(iho5:4gpd(has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. Wha zm(opj4:dw5u :iyg(ht could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possiby:w6g6.* diq5vxb ic0 g+pwhgle causes of changes to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of df0w+jyzl2m a 9d k31dselective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of3.y+4t dni-xmw3f wk b growing bacteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospitm3fn+ 3w bt-4kyi.xd wal door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a codominant manner. Thn9vl4( jqqowro gwie7w vng :78.s1n+e graph shows +govg se 7rj(nw79qin ov:wl1wq 8n 4.the proportions of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxojq 5j8iv: nyw8wy,/kxxg-)use + q4cj donta africana) born without tusks i5jsxiwjgnvq,8 qye4y: j ku)+x8 / wc-n Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters bln)(r/e0hc90me6yv1n3aa s4 kq wdfr gend into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of ssanfern 6)0 v(gky awce1q3/4mhr09d election is this an example of?

  Which of the following statemeq5+:,d85lju iufcbbk h *s9oknts best describes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one is hs;ng+r)*reg 3. tja xlikely to be anaggnxtr;s*r.+ae3 )jh logous?

  Which are examples of di5j(v dh4,/ay gq 5pib .+suizmrectional selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natby*+kn;wkwlp+ cm5; tural selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in troz 5 1 dkkcgbeq1m61ph5pical rainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful a6c5k1kgz5bp1 1ed qhmdaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is b; h2pl .a + pbpw:cg.o 2n(tariafd(d)est adapted for sucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants ww g36bg8h 5f5bkjb*lz is2d -yith no resistance to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change j2b-d h8f*wggyb655kizsl3boccur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features 9 m6f yr7ko 7iu3l lnj;bbf3j*in the forefoot of horses from the oldu6jb7 bjrl7 k3; i9yf*n 3flomest ancestor (a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in varhb ,77 ;*;q o+kfvtlqgt jd:yaiation?

Darwin’s finches are a gro/xjl5noboheb649 d 8 nup of approximately 18 finches which share a common ancestor and are found on the 4 5j ne /9hob8loxbn6dGalapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an nqqsd9 emn/ g:6,h+2h6juxcpexample of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can re 9.:ur-j 5ugkrag0z;0rufzib sult in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is f e176t3;4pk)l+xrqu7d p1 gnx zxw rfa term used to describe adaptations. Which of the following best describes the term evolutionary f7l+1ztxrd )fw 6pgn47fxku 13rexp;q itness?