What is the correct definition pzv8zp3 p+r w2of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency within a populationorwaoiu,7( 3xw3lrpouf)t -3 ?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference betwee vxg3i2 +u-yd jru/p.rn natural selection 3up+grj/ .ryuxv2 -diand selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered boyivi p0p 3sdua16(io3*/hf moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the a vifp3 1ii*s3h6byop(d/uo 0 peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can b0dw-;fc hlf,la, ,hvze used to support the theory of evolutio,, ,0cfwvfdhzh a- ;lln?

  Which statement(s) about naturv:iv4n/q)3za)a5 8 o u-f3aqq bmunzkal selection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equilyil;vj3k(dhr*fizde x p* 1lp2 l+1:nv2 h)pdibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck length of Masai giraff a k0hl/fhz:e9es (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown ba/ z90e :hklfhy the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the dev.u hb59jc6:3v sjdijaelopment of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as:ojmri.u pe h834ov0m5p ad:qtj( j 0a an example when discussing industriae opvm pa4jtq: u0r.ijj(08 dao5h3:ml melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence jnt ql /+-j)uqprovide evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finches with large beaks ,cm8tj 7f+c zqhas increased+ z8cc,fjqm t7 relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to a ge xbd6bgw 8yh 9hsy1z2c7fkz89ip2ge7 ne pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following i) uca v0lp9p+yaus3(9ywukm 7r d,+zks/are example(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bact67c+kjzu8g2lmau1 3 nna0 u wkeria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zc 8wlaak3gnk7u1n zjm0 6u +2uone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited yhxlrl 1fmrc7 .q,p* 1in a codominant manner. The graph shows the p*1h ylm7xqr p1rl, c.froportions of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Lu.uq-iw*f2r oxz/ b3yoxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selectior-zu /*ui3o2wfq .b yxn explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured ns, 9pz10xws qoysters blend into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example s0xwsq9p ,1z nof?

  Which of the following statements best describes an analogousah, sc,;*j0k dmhtt6zg;1f zx structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown. 13womv3ys 7u5ay2dzja s(yc below, which one is likely to be analogou17zy.s2a 5 my 3vu ayjocsd(w3s?

  Which are examples of directional selec t;e3+ni5 czyzzqw:q2tion?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural selegr c;xhu3b vu gvp 3df/;l7 6-bm:i,vnction?

  Broad-leaved plants are ofte50r e2/qdoxk 9qgxf s;n found near the ground in tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an ex/9edqog rf2;q xksx05ample of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar from flowers?7.*yjc 2/o cy2i 0g; xe.rk8fvhljswi

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivoresm,t m)n8y.5tk- ci :5rrpsy gc may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic,ricy) km:g5 typsnrm-8ct. 5 to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the qbj:4mfpi 5lcng /s-,evolution of features in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) t/lnjbq cp :-4sf,g5mi o modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis resulm/a* .g5ph 1txeofeb 5t in variation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of appra4 tsct .gsvl1 gzh2*/spb+x;5zlaj 1oximately 18 finches which share a common ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islandsat/ a5zt1ggb.v zhx;l sp4s2+jl* s c1. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is novlc jz(g72yd.av*yv 3t an example of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result l q anmni7t9ne4 :vn,.in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to de is/*j hu4rf;cscribe adaptations. Which of the following best;*/ j4 srhfciu describes the term evolutionary fitness?