What is the correct dj0krhm8 me;y ;n9s3boz 1b :jjefinition of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele fp8rosz. 3ab t,requency within a population?

  Which of the following identifie*8ix5i .3rqbjv7pyms s a similarity and difference between natural selection and sel7j 38qyi rib5ps* mxv.ective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the tro/hp n:ymk1.x a-: w2bnyev 7bees that the peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will thkae/w. y7x hbm 1:pyn- nov2b:is have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that ca j.nxrcnt6 m: l,*qag90z1lb,nf 3x tj:ncxe9n be used to support the theory of evolution?zxfgx0et:,b r. 9 1 :acmtn6cq3jln l*,j9xnn

  Which statement(s) about natural selwud+sn: ( i* h7aiq niiqj:8(.rq m;faection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated kw* bpb+yah2wkg u.8/z6 , ncwequilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult neck length of Masai gisoh8xgj09r( uraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lg 8joxr0us9(hifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the followik6x89uu ez: md)e 8tbong could lead to the development of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an example when discuss r4x w81s+hc4 fo-qcpning indu xr8c-cs qp4+n1ofw4hstrial melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divea n ncaj5)v:7/1 xxetyrgence provide evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finches with large g+4b5a ch b1 2znphc/fsch87wbeaks has increased relative tbzb74fc + 25pc1hn ghca/8hswo the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to bn :j03c +kz5eg phb-ta gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/8e13jwa ub;en are example(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with different antie0h m*8 hvt8pnbiotics canvpm8h nt h*8e0 be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inhxd;tr *tv gs)2erited in a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportions of peo;)rxttg2dvs* ple who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the nsw +vv:1;5 fr wwrvpr3umber of female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How doevww+:wfrp13r; vv5 r ss natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rocks in the sand bar and;r.ef(dmqi wbb-;:mf dark coloured oysteqfrb(id -e.; mw:m f;brs blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describes an analogous 1xv9,wpl rnt 5structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown belotab7gs,fk 4wvtmsd,2 z* a skk8a g,h47od1a/w, which one is likely to be an zdkt7kth1a7b, wsa o, gas/,*f4v2akg8m4dsalogous?

  Which are examples of dkibgi l+s3i ;5irectional selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural p991,uykdlh5 anxw7dm9s u1r r +f z*tselection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the grounp if;8c,f2eg v3s6yzfd in tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of tv83z2fie sy ;6,ffgcphe leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best ada;y z8vpla,ye ;pted for sucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no rea4l) -r)6cbdj ighz;tsistance to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could thi6)j 4grdhbz-;ta lc)is change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the forefoot of horses frtd hc,w1g8zqv)yy5x ymg-,v:sn u0- mom the oldest ancestor (a) to modern d-z1ymt:myv g, wgu-x ny dc5sqh)v, 80ay horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in variax0ct*tgmp5zwr4 mu--kb)2j htion?

Darwin’s finches are a grouwhma)eiy9h 0d i+x/n +1sl;ak p of approximately 18 finches which share a common ancestor and are found on the Ga);k yiax ++ hhesn0m1a9 lwd/ilapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example of speciat6t6nlz-k4( nquhj p2 hion?

1.Describe how mutations can resu2pmwfybt1* 0dlt in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. Wjpz)8 l2f*)rva u rl/nhich of the following best 2/f)rpz*jr u) lvn al8describes the term evolutionary fitness?