What is the correct definix v,qje 3)k.n4ti e8u5*etcav tion of a gene pool?

  Which would not caus9a0m5r2 fd j7hxfncc,e changes to the allele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference betatpjr 5mkjq:d 19 ,yu75 yd,krween natural selection and selective breedqj91au7 d tkyy,p,m r5: 5rjdking?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered moth (Biston bet xfhz7j-5 kq5aix6,h rularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers? 6hqz 7j5 , xx5khrai-f

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be used to support th0)k wq,he/cn.0o kh-3jmijo s e theory of evoluti h hqon0 s)j/wmo,3 i.0kkc-jeon?

  Which statement(s) ab4hq; tdy *:rkdout natural selection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuatkz wf :9yy,f3zed equilibrium?

  The graph shows the a -6cxlf(1s6x zps,uim) tlo-relationship between the adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. tclzfilx)us-pm( a 6 6o 1-sx,What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead kf 1t16fkrn v2to the development of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Bistz7+,*.bcon n qg +k. urq oknaj7hs,h2on betularia) is often used as an example when discussing industrial melani j huc og*.s.bz,a k+knn2,on+q7r7hq sm.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence proviedxl/21fi*f3 w vx6a zde evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, t/ ; dgx6p fb )tqdbbv+5 */d4ktpou,kob*qdh1 he frequency of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause ,b t);4pbdbqob5*vf16d/d* og q/kdhk uxpt+ for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of cj;/bbwxgm5m .kow) 2phanges to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of selecs8,vv;q q,l xstive breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with different ant iuq 0f ,h1f;nf7) 4jewunthyd6;. rhbibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition 1funwy hb47rieh.,hfq60 u )f;t n ;jdwere taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait s5g:h2lr he4fcoudf+b0 x 3x 6that is inherited in a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportions of people who are homozygous affect xrh 50l43hc6:fex +usdfog2bed (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number ub9oueon,vpkq .: ou4k..7feu0ki 6b of female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa Nao7 u q,k:pne.b0e6ou. k.4 b9uuokvfi tional Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend2r;: csp oqb0d into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better int0r :socd p2;qbo the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describes anz.qhm99zwzz5 w a 6j;f analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one is likely to b.fpogg96cbt vkr(* g/ e analogous?6g9*gvcgpbrf . ko (t/

  Which are examples of directionu mle c/nl.63zal selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural selection?*y jrtcdy7 i9/

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in tropical rainforests. Wh e8ohzr xk04j.ich characteristic of the leaf is an ex xohe0kz4rj. 8ample of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for s3j j:r+ (za b-l0vfnpzq, y:chucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with:6. rca eze8kt no resistance to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a com 6:t 8rcee.kzapound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents.ie;95dap j,v rkfc-p-lyk8bmv51 vs the evolution of features in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ances bvrkpym-8i 51pv9e f-c,ldk 5aj s.;vtor (a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in varj/dof vids1v o2qttu2d/8m72iation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of apprkw,i lp,ic hpzrn5)t vp726 ;eoximately 18 finches which share a common ancestor tz 72r5cpleippw),h,ik 6 vn ;and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following izhx . 9ng611vix *ulnis not an example of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result in natural se;2 i(jupecqn+ 26y zwrlection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitnesspf9 9xil;qyn) gj. ew7 is a term used to describe adaptations. Which of the following best describes the term evolutionary fitness?pn)gq 9filyx;9.ejw7