What is the correct definitkms j6sp*o b+2hthhe xm+ xh 2y/7:jr0ion of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the b9r dy,( o k ,g l5:geai,f3rvzq2oh0iallele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference brnp834 m nzwam1y1x cm( sk02pqmce6;etween natural selection and selective x(c3wnc n41 y;ppmasm 6e8m kq02zmr1breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered moth (Biston f+i hsg-bn.;;wv so k/betularia) lives on will become bkgw;sf ;+/o s.-nv hidarker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be used to support the thesfa);7+5nd hkar ui .eory of e5auhndk rfi a+e.) s7;volution?

  Which statement(s) about natural selectione9ott 81pmh-fgd3:amzkc 9. w is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equilibrium?te9;14qndu qmuj v 2y9

  The graph shows the relationship between the adult bx3+vublp3 2 tneck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the g lxvtubp33b2+ raph?

  Which of the following could lead to the development of antibifpvcvb z ;):trwfen7(z k-5(g otic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an examox)wmj)l:7jk r+ ,a mu.tu 2gpple when discussing inda)t.:ur kx 7o,+)w2umm gjpjlustrial melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evides)(u;i tz9 ehjr6x2 xv,npjx:nce for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequeny;(n qvs., z8 o//rgoq)mmp hhcy of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches wi,znq /)v h;m(/go.oqsprhm 8yth small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible caunc.pa0g2 7b nwses of changes to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of selective breedin(4ku fd g(l8qag?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with d1*bf2wx.+ kk e6(gb2 or.6kcpydw ps wifferent antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistapgfc(b .r 1kkwwd2bo.ewsx6y6k p* 2+nce that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a io:q:u0e+ 9b *ebgve69oaxl wtrait that is inherited in a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportions of people who :exlg 9i e0auo* 6+:qvwbb9eoare homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxodonta afrbmpw vb7e-p+6u8 w+v xicana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selectip b6v -+w+up7bmewvx8on explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oys 5bx-zuhk4vzj pdu5,k r+ayx 7l,-l5vters blend into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of s755r,xvulb,ykz-z- 5 uj4a +ldpxhkvelection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best desehy :*z9 sm3 t*lvk3wdcribes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one is likely- zg)gk5yn1 0v( balsefrz7bcu +ik5) to be anaak( vn y- fs5l+0bzu1)7e)rkggcbzi5logous?

  Which are examples of directional selec kuye6m3+ lc.gnk o9r.tion?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural segv0fl d*7:8.vcjq u xelection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground gbck7sf8g g42in tropical rainforests. Which characteristic4sk2c78f gbgg of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best ay8dwha v (n.(qdapted for sucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants witom4qqc f .8yg oak78.uh no resistance to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this8a4kfyq o 8q.oucm.g7 change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the forefoot of ho-dhpp4hr8*a w rses from the oldest ancestor (a) to modern day hoh-rpw*hp da84 rses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result in variatfr4i4) vly9poovdo +py 3ua.;7g s6gtion?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately j nc/)n ylq0;lzj:)b a18 finches which share a common ancestor and azj 0lbc;/ jnqy))n al:re found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example of speciath1up6ms ; .azcnbz 8s*ion?

1.Describe how mutations can result in natural sele9dmbyj6 (e;khxw - +okction.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describeiw2a p6 ,ex xavf)8sd+(hdb:n adaptations. Which of the following bdhb2(:aiaxpw ,xd8vsnf 6e +)est describes the term evolutionary fitness?