Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence of light tbhrl,c(*n.njj) :g u z) g(cj:*bhu.nz,ljnro produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved w u, g 0pgo,h9h(aajy.in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shp 3ueo;: dj(bcxy 84smows an experiment investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photoo384u: pbx(;jcmys desynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? h.,4sho qy x+0ptr3nap ro.7x

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for 9fcy)d(y / vlee7+ij jj. n6.fbzc 1usthe light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindo.f+(ec1fs dni 6ucjljz/y vb7 ej. y)9phenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a n( qlup0v e8md;a+a1k chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in thevd80akn + pel1( mu;aq part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the gi32z pgoqni/v2qg0z+67iy/g3qsnq u3g 5bsrate of photosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity ca/w av*+d md+4nm 8ulon the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processe)p;fa iwe q4qya6l7- 0ytya lz3j +k+ws occur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes pe691zz,y peof *f+llel:p aebqeh 01 4lace in photosynthesis and aer9ehlezp,l qp 1b4+16:aezf0 lyefo*e obic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant ewzbnag e3,5+,a o3iz with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the.a9w.,mzq; kqs (pmqy light-dependent reactions for photosyntwqkqqz9.;ma( yp. m s,hesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosy;*txf jmt. *2kezt )hunthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent reaction jol4vds 3e: 76ey9 eyqof photos sq ld7eoey4ey3v :96jynthesis?

  Which structure of thdmnf72ifh 2l 6l*:fmde chloroplast is most involved in the production of reduced NADP 72l*f 6fmlmdnfi:2dh and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigment 1 l33gk bho- yn9la9vurnsw31s using the thin-layer chromatography - b39v31n hn19lrysg3 lakowu(TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation qm. u vu*9t/uninto the impacts of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic au/vmqu* un t9.cid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range c ehaz-6x b1-q9m9kvcof wavelengths of light that are absorbed an9m c cbqa91kxvhe6--zd reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a + w :hhwm-m*hpprocess where carbon compounds are produced in the presence of l*p+m-:wh hmwh ight.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid,;pzxbxwmu+oa3,fx ( membrane in the light-dependentx(uoaz+m3;,bf xp w x, reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excite8txze* wg6c v+d electrons are transferred from phg*e+vw6t cx8zotosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulo7sjxi x8; ujccvs*4 8rse bisphosphate undergo carboxyl7 s8rjx vcs; cj84x*iuation?

  Which products are formed at the endoflea5 xr(7o8m9tl6k of the light-dependent and light-independent react(l k8elr6fom9 5o 7xations?

  Thin-layer chromatography 8) tdktq;x x;0ktx+ ,unz/x wtcan be used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the t + ;0;z,ntxkkx8tw dxu)/xq tseparation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructu-t zhxl6.4c5d2 -zqz ah7fd ugre of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action ks hn8h3y. c+g81mfqk spectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactio*dp+ ovb9,mlt3(r2g+g vlaqa ns.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict futur6cc- uvqsx*e. nhw 0w;e rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide en xvq -cwc e.swh*u;06nrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role8 ug6j )rvncv9 of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it fo9jcvv rn)6g8uund in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment thas4i ))edavs + +sq/q(xzxo3j uozu71at enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions ozj3 )+1+ i7dz)vxq/4o( xouqu saasesf photosynthesis?