Which term describes 7tjr xjbqq: 5rd9,o;i the splitting of water molecules in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions an7r i :x9bqjojrq;t5d,d oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is invo 67a gcyzc+zq- vrmw88lved in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect 7ml0o8 vxq9 xpof temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following iqpv7x o8l9 xm0s not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent?a4rje p0)2q we

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolasqxdhqpm -90:ted chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final m:0xqqp-hsd9 electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows partv60pl 4/.bfg ga3simp/i( lf x of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structures aregls .x/ m fiip6(vlfg/p 4ab03 found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the ratz bpfg5/q( ge)e of photosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. ezb7gbnfy0 c* w)xx)3

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Cal4joo7bd j-1gqvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where11f j6z17 hs6umbka hawf;z9ywf14e s chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic hfbzu9kf111ae 64hsy6sz;1 w aw7fjm cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractiyoj 8n0ss e,u,.9:nwh wgizn+ve houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ionv+ 6tkvs 2uaz2s in the light-dependent reactions for photosynthesis vvu2a2+tkzs 6?

  Which of the following correctly describeuo3b0j (sp -ef r)hodfd, 9dg 9(zu)gps photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this ligpbeu sk eh:1+hnw 13z)ht-independent reaction of photosynthesisn :1s)z 3 1ebhkwu+phe?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involvih9e)h0ib h z0ed in the production of reduced NADP a ii0zb)hehh90 nd ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigmentsqjb)54pe4 tza using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the solven tp4je4a) bz5qt propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate ofi w gij7ysia90r,da3 mj(:8ow/l rs8i photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a num9y08w/ iij d gi(a3rsw m7,olir asj8:ber of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum reprc 1s iz13wa(0k/rig fnesents the correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosags1c(10ikf r /winz 3ynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process whzp*d.a gqx n9*ere carbon compounds are produced in the presence of lip* .* gda9xznqght.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a pro 2caloda2q+ 3gton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the lighgoalq2c d+2a3 t-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before ex 9pdz hq(c;r,kt22:y3z v vzeecited electrons are transferred from photosyse3z ;29c zpz:v 2hrktdq(e,vytem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo cgu:gf 2t x2bj2arboxylatioxbt2f:uj gg2 2n?

  Which products are formed at the end of the ligh.jdp o;: r3m :ic u8 gnwcre3e4:zkoa;t-dependent and light-independent reac.:wc;rpne3 kci 83:arjm:uo e o;gzd4tions?

  Thin-layer chromatog,45h +h f 3f4pmpkt)iglgwb-hraphy can be used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to w )gi +g thfkpblh3,44- w5mpfhork out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chlory6n. d9qx xpx)ozg9nk6p v97qoplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosynthj5 tkhyc u4*vgnd/io3 **ho3 lesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed rea7ck0zx2i2 b nlb +eft 9evd.+bctions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experimentno+zzl:/l:k; bjs: u8vnd.h c s are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACnz oh+ku8d ;jbsl:z.::/ncl vE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what forq+ rpun j1y 9q(ffklysxl6s.f.m0l7 .m is it found in kp+slfulr.ysj0l( 1xfym.7q6 9 fq.n ?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experime*y).dc 66x zibnprb)vnt that enabled Calvin to detb.c yd6vpr) nzb )i*6xermine the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?