Which term describes the split2j53u) qw7 l dufud/hmting of water molecules in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ion2m j5wuh u)ddulf/37 qs and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixatig 7lxm n/gaj 38 ubiwtu4.)bs1on during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effe wfd;d)rx8a//6ubfj a ct of temperature on the rate of fb) ufad/jx r/8w; d6aphotosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? x1hpa vcn92h tbchf;;oj:zms:1) c3eo ;3pu g

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isia s dnyrh1twr39hnhn/x 6-1,aca5+holated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. 1s5a y+, h aan xthd/1hrnw 3hc6rin-9A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the fqdc:qqv 406vc*2l aszgj tf( 1ollowing2vq1vlfgd4cjzq sc: * qat(60 structures are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photos/j5-yq oizb4qynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensi4g,gmyz 7n1 f,c83r nmgvq*jgty on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occul*trm e*a o9lk+7s9yzfu2-aoj x5f3cr in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following6g 9u+fr tib8f correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell 68ft9fb+ugri respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attragif af2z:1: jvm)k0sp jbbv 44ctive houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions f04kln a mhz(fr-*;x5*piu /qi rroz/bor photosynthel4pzir* q0ibfo/z ;hkuxa5/(-r*mn r sis?

  Which of the following correctly i9fntpr8 e4p8 describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent reaction of photor7ulb j ia69*vsynthesis7rba 6vljui* 9?

  Which structure of thzpc nl16 t+0 ma c75x,4ljhp2e juh4bje chloroplast is most involved in the production of reduced N,cmp1u2n+ h 7jt b4054 ca jelljpx6hzADP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separat.z*(afy7 e y+0ymyiu jion of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the solvent propan zim.uj0 ayy 7yeyf+(*one.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate of phofftx/um(m)s p j59mvhw/)dk f1 p q0 bfl9r,6utosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number ob1fw0 , mdmlrk/(5 q m/fsf)puv6ux9htj pf9)f sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths of lia 6nd /k036bqpcly c8bght that are absorbed and reflected by chloroppadb0l6c68 knb/q3 ychyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process wherec6i7,3. 21rodwgs3 ltewncr r carbon compounds are produced in the presence ofrc73lotirrwc ,w6sden.g 3 1 2 light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gr/t k mux6g5d)padient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent rm6dpg/u)5 xtkeactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes p*hzxtri,02,o 5jmb y +eb,f5lcl4awn lace before excited electrons are transferred from photosystem II to phh5lfiy,,m,tjnc2xb0a w *b r+5ez4lo otosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate uzjl hu9qn6*f (ndergo carboxylatqj u 6fh9*zln(ion?

  Which products are formeyxvwv0j96-ma d at the end of the light-dependent and light-independent reactixam 60vw -y9jvons?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetic piecp/jnpk 5 vvd7+7i0 wgments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used / w+kp5cvvniep7j d07to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of ainj + nna+x6 xj;i7f4+ dpbw8n chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the a; 4qtx swgt4,*xi6ciaction spectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed rea+ *kfdzv(nrz*8q* vl mctions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict gkygd 7)u :;c(-7 cfxic:met u+;hscpfuture rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experimth i ;7fm::7cxe;ccps-gy ud cg( )ku+ents (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what fcb3ah tom.1i7j/a3- n rlp km-orm is it found in31m 3 kphc ln aj.-rbat/o7m-i?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop exper8;zqpl 5mdj36-hkb4j)k 0wpq .x bth eiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reh )z0j k j 4e6.bx5wdlkmhpp -b;3qt8qactions of photosynthesis?