Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the p3a))w,mm8 w- pry8 r ykve.symresence of light to produce electr rsmvymwey,3 a ykw)m8r.8)p- ons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during photosynt0to0zx jx6 6fvhesis?

  The diagram below shooua4xs ql62i4 z k7g/wws an experiment investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this q6w gzi2x/o74ls4 kua particular experiment?

  What does X represent? knonj4r)0i 42x;a2zcz x9rb :v0 sepy

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfezfpabik6u g am4j 3;89)zh9ecr in isolated chloroplasts for the light-de 9u;m34ipzjgb8kfce ah9z ) 6apendent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the folcyb3btyzozu m1ll( 7uz q(,83lowing strucqo zl ublu1m8y3 3c y,(zt7(zbtures are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different l:p 8:dpcc)pp4u 3hl2 :mtu0j sak0uptemperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photos1e )f,abyyexs r6k.:nyyt(s 5 ynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes )7h;qf xy p0h j)jwj9noccur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shop04x* s-5try r b+zzazws where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis a br t4pz- zy0xsrz+5*and aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractiv7- zbm6bz o,e(5u twqke houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions forjjf5ym-rke2 * +hlcf2 photosy2-jl+y2m*kf c5j fhr enthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or r jjvkm:)(8 gpxespiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is2l 4uczp pcyf zwmw xkfzl5)7.;7.8hh occurring in this light-independent reaction of photosy p) fx7lzf82c4k.zlh .pch5muzw7 ;wynthesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in thvy-: zagzuwci2 -ky9 kyamo:s a5 84:te production of reduced NA45iywz2ya:8- kva:s y:com- ut ga kz9DP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments* ac5x d0vy7hc using the thin-layer chromatogxv05hcca y7*d raphy (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate of phot:ytl zvt t6 m7kswsxm(0ja-7:osynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each convkts(z7 :6m j-xt:l smtw07aytaining a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths v*e.png uyjh) t t-k,j9:6jgj of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosyn9 vn6.y*,jjj ) uek:tphgtj g-thesis?

Photosynthesis is a proc 7nu.g3jax5* p 2qlht6f dd0ggess where carbon compounds are produced in the presence of light. tpfdxg u6.23qn l hg* 057gdaj
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane q6kcyh z 04cpbk1u asasfa54 -cp(-p.in the light-dependent reacs.kp6fy44cba-5 c(q-psh pa az0u c1ktions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited elec4pymc5p vz+sl6 : zh:xtrons are transferred from photosyzm5:yx+v p6lz4 h cps:stem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate x yti9t*e 7 /l6j6sehtundergo carboxylath7t *e/j 6 9xtelt6siyion?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent*cj :fe rks1lv080-k9+5ty va/cnrexdvoz g * and light-independent reactions8n0v5/ vg**cxe:+dysfa0o9czrre1k t-lv j k ?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetic 4 /-oa0yrulz w9.awhzpigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what phl-zy.rzw 49wa/ u a0oigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chlor,31qkq62uz dv)fn8b fbf )advoplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosys19(x3m8fd h)eptra hnthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiratio(0,55fwwah yzo y akl4n are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experimenk0 uxmv j+7,vhalh*2bts are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-aih0 72v,hab+ul m*jvkxr carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxidtyncy t:6yaxgw+rtlai4z/6i- : 3y)b e in photosystem II, and what form is it found i:t4z6 yty t6aiwncgx) rba- :l3y i/+yn?

  What were the results obtained from k7.,gk+ 6izyilf(o knthe lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determig yof,k zin (li6+.k7kne the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?