Which term describes t.q4krqqxj j a66-8mq xhe splitting of water molecules in the presence of light to produce electrons, hyq 4-.mx6xrqj 6qajqk 8drogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involxt1ai/i6h.hl f.ofn1t;a+e nt+ h8c dved in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an (gke12ugk;dr experiment investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keepig2k d(1rekg;u ng a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? tep 1jl/yj*j+m+4cvnak 9/ fk

  The Hill reaction shows eleyk nv5v0hxw++ ctron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptorx +0wn+vh5vyk. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below sho *jh3n 8w9eqk xj+-abxws part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part of a chlork8 9j+ *wjaqxeb 3h-xnoplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different temperatureej yjo(8h,vez6-uwp .lrnn :1cgs 8w,s.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of lightbq/m*bm) b4om 9gh )ho lm:gv: intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes e 4dt)ad;c/((w5migx q r rda1occur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takesip,mhncygx629n 6 g9t place in photosynthesis ag,x9mn2hc 6iytng6 9pnd aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an ay*pc )ki fl5xyc6bmz/ h/bb90ttractive houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependee / fgbyax9 w8r54u ywprht,2+nt reactions for phot49 yw/5exr, ha +turpbgf28wyosynthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes phj3 xiqfu9r - da*;-wv. )rehfuotosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-indepedlop9,d0j x -mndent reaction of photosy0jm x 9d,pdol-nthesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved inissmln9e qvf1n;.egt 7pe:twai (*5 ) the production of reduced NADP and q7 vtfs a.5e(et* ns:n1w;)gmiip e9l ATP?

The diagram shows thehs hybti ) qi+3-4k+nd separation of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatob+hq+idt3n ki-y ) s4hgraphy (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the ratetk6h19+gpof krvn+t(* j4vbb of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of wat4* vfpbgk t(j1vb9o+h6n+ r kter and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths of lighqdi * y aio.(i92 i6sqpnu+wf,t that 9in a2i.p*idy fwioqsu(q+ 6,are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in the presencevhx8z5h qh.d46e ,pqe of light. q5heh,q 6de4x.hzpv8
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradi1 xu :ope)evpv-gce) )ent across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of )xvp -g pc1eee):v)ouphotosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes placqhv +7z-c .dche before excited electrons are transferred from photosystem II to photosys+v-qzd. chc7htem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosp byh),s0 )0mk(6vq)zcx yrkks hate undergo carboxylation?s(z qmkr,sbky ) x )yv6h)c0k0

  Which products are formed at the:dz; v uddlp-pr)*1xa6-hsb g end of the light-dependent and light-independent rea dpd1v- p u)xs:r6dzlh*ga -;bctions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be us15o.)0.y 9jy cxst(ck-iu am 3 ctg;(ivanmwled to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in i9ci c;u)k(tx.ayotay-m.10s l wvm3 5g(nc jthis way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below showfd +7 zd9gi/zis the ultrastructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photoeo(ybof0s9 3t synthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiratfzjg ipgqcqb mrfz94 ni4jn+*4d*9)0ion are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to fxn(( 0o8 x4dem- gpjwpredict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxifd p0j( xeo4nm(x8-gwde experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon di akwj e55nwi1+oxide in photosystem II, and what form is1i5ke jwn wa5+ it found in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop exgat:33 5afx8)xs perdm 3x 1pgperiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order ea1rg )sx3dx8fxpm5 3g:3 tp aof the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?