Which term describes the splitting of water molecbnc8tn1q 9ojrv venp)l)t7. 4 ules in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogtp).locvn 1n )7 v4rejtq8 9bnen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation durrkpkf(c4r *pj id8((ring photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect of temperaturetnlx1zr r- a64 on the rate of photosynthesis. Wxl n-z a1t46rrhich of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X representmd;w tt:4)j1,qcu zlzqrs,8 a?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer i3 e1/fove3:cwn7y6wyclm * oe n isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactef1w*vnoyme y oec /3l73:6wc ions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows partb,lpp:t0l7 o5wt 9q;mxx;chv of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part of a chloroplas ,;0 hc;p7:5t9lm wplbxx tvoqt labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis-x5sgzh +s) umk8xf*v at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effectb(1vk+v)6zk q.aiijl of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in thei)i396nxd hw w Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis tak1ut7sd,my jzew hm*+4es place in photosynthesis and aesz1m7jet4m uh*,y+dw robic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with red lea7;n( tzurx1iybd (e n+ves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydroge2 gz0s gpss0vo hl0)a3n ions in the light-dependent reactions for phoslsgo02)z a3sp00g vhtosynthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosye14h8: i:v jfj*uf7gwzgrsz3 *pln 6mnthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reactiol+7vz9ft 4hl3 hmc01t w jqnq,n is occurring in this light-independent reaction of photosyn ,lwjnhf9l7h4tq0+ q mvzc 3t1thesis?

  Which structure of the chloropc (unp d xe 8.ctqpd,ad4,yu7;last is most involved in the production of reduced NADP and ATP?,dty nuq;dep,cdx 8 cp7u(.a4

The diagram shows the separatih+fe -rz; mfn3on of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TL;f+-3fmezh rn C) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts 4son;,u,:tbf nqoi8t of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbot8un: b,;oof4s n tqi,nic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelength,ivn(z5r g5p 8+dh3p tg0kjge s of light thatn3g0 g5pg k+5, 8pi(r zhjdvet are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process w.2z.:cpk..1g rrhia4a,gn 2 tuup fskhere carbon compounds are produced in the presence of ligcr .,1 .apzgs2np:.fri uhu24ga k.k tht.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient ab s(p0b1h3/,qinm xdtcross the thylakoid membrane in the light-depend isb1p(/30 dt,qmbnhxent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are ,lg7y. m3sztt2cv1dktransferred from photosystem Itsv ,1lczkdmy27 g.3tI to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast*qi - ozm*+edo, h,riqj6f vjklf2 oz 9d13cx9 does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylfi9d+63oqeh z2dj 9r,i * lo f1omqjkcx v*z-,ation?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-depende t1f 4jiwi/m2e ;1cwjznt and light-independent w2 itfjzm w/e1j1 i4;creactions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate t lf(e:asd 9i+n(qrt/photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way.r(sqt: 9i( /+anldft e Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chloroplasekuji 5n,hf +5t.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosynthesis. j t czuo-+lm5ow 8*-fk

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular j;ko r8ir *hbw/ /vrc lu5q12n:ds vy*respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichmenupvz. yk0 8r6bh,utka/( w0oet experiments are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experimewk z,u8 6a0(0vhotyu/ .kepr bnts (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and wcx3*02 nb.cj eivjea b()kvy; hat form is it f2 cy *e 3)vji(ab.cjk;b nexv0ound in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that ena/fb ecd.qir3 09; :bf mnwljd1bled Calvin to determine the order of tl qr 9ncbj/:3 0.w ibfm;fe1ddhe light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?