Which term describes the splitting of water molecure(-q vy:aeb*nin( *rles in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygenr -:i r*eyaenq(v*nb( molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in calh; bqe*i jto(q0c2e:rbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an jvp97: 5cdv v n/0uzrvexperiment investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled/dv0j vp:r9 zuvv c5n7 variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent?f5/b ;1phlpz o

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the lictvbnky9+e:t: (m )*s l tx)4anm)gzfght-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final enm :e)z(vt +kng*:xlmsc)9ttb)f4ya lectron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which oxs /k9jb5qr) u2a ok:xf the following structures: s x5qj/ bkou9xa2k)r are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at diff8idel r.5p na9erent temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensit mszw/1x. ffcnw*5 6qxy on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur5 wv7.dzowb6 sz;tx4j in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where cn.2ukw hyt 0)htvwem5b/uq0+tue2 x. hemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and au2 tb h 2.+wyn/vtwhx00ue kqt5)um e.erobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive housecr bzl3p wlz0 ul3m4)3k7.zmoplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-9ux08mh /rql7p hv1xydependent reactions for photosynthesir0mx8hv9phq1 x yul/ 7s?

  Which of the following corre q1aqbnt ,z5a5/wf:nmctly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occ(nps9;a7t;j(ztrk ow8m0x zaurring in this light-independent reaction of photosynthesnx8t(;zr(amtpkz jas; 07 o9w is?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved inpa.f,,0ejur n w 1ko mn-,ugl* the production of reduced Nn1 l ,aprkm.g-wo fjuu,,* 0neADP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments using7a: +w)4lx ef ex*uztc the thin-layer chromatography (TL7zt xefx:)*c4wa el u+C) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate of photosyn;mtlp+:pqp7fbxraq ,4,d nz0thesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks,:rdp7l nq pxq+0f,4amb;tz,p each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range) 8c5afs 2tdri of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by 2 if rs5)ctd8achlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compouhmzbwm,4vq30rb 0 wn2nds are produced in the presence of nb3wvrmw 0hz24 0bq,mlight.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradib gy)31x9x-xi q4j0es zu+eyihb yqnf:*t -t7ent across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of pho tq jb0yht 93ie-*n ef) s4+gbz yy1xxux:-q7itosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons arew)fc6ghd2f 4wmjbkww 6, (/rt transferred from photosystem II to ph(ww6wc6g 4r)jt fwk2 m,/ fhdbotosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo csv ,v+tx(ijay9f )ud:0rpj, carboxyvpvas(u c0t,+dy )jx f: j9ir,lation?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-de/ :*vynvf 4v uq+ri+nmpendent and light-independent reactionrn:4fv+/v+i*un m vq ys?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetiady- were8)xl.z+v, loj y24 dc pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf valuesoe jlv8wxd,.aed 4) ly2+rz-y are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chlo7gbh sjtyr8+ 3roplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the acti *y.yi mponm3w80u1bpon spectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzym ypss,jlhx 6u70 : -sgted7xrv.3r9jde-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experimy:q33wt .jj0)xm5xofe9 .6 n q8qm;xcgin edrents are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over fr5i j: 3x.3j8mg96)qedwt0;qy x.r fqnxnmo ce ee-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of bz2h*69mlk6oy g.mlecarbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it found ih.*zb6lmg y e69kl2omn?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment thaf 3;nrtyc0qm56yuv0r t enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independey0t5ym v 36qun r0r;cfnt reactions of photosynthesis?