Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the pretl 5 -awko-.z7jf/f bv h6aprhp 5t-v-sence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecu jo pa5-pb.h7 v- fz-hlrkv6tt/f5 -wales?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixate,i bhier80k9st7ll - ion during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an expe0p qd1/.yq 9wqcdn5q)d:h ivj riment investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constand.p q cn90dvd:y iqqqjhw15)/t value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? :b6m q2oeit n)l03hej

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isoz- 0af3ptr4r nlated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenrfn3 rz -p04atolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the fo/+0okndrm pj))b s2grllowing g+ b/opm)k0 rn)dsj2r structures are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesi4jqq. bf9hns pj) y2t4s at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesisf-. aid7p0nq b.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes bb29 zdk.y0v5+gt2yr4st uli occur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes plac p(rjt ; qocmjzm/.;)me in photosyo. )mtqrc(zj/m;m; p jnthesis and aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with reda5( g; vvm/rpm leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions0 g4eix0 *n)p/kvv ebq( k+ezdc 45sdp for photosynthesis?k0e xgiev q k/504)b(pvd s+zc4d*epn

  Which of the following 5rt15h8uts 8i,.fj z.bvpu (devew2 b correctly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent reaction of p :eugav(mwt03y-e c)6 * githlhotosyn)u-ihg t:m3 e6(0cetyvg* w althesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in the produotncgx 9m2: l8ction of reduced NADP 982l:cnmo xtgand ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments u3o(v/do;go9 hm,05d qymhh s i v)+rfwsing the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the solvent propanoneyqv;g( fsr o,)oh+oi5vmmd3hw/0 hd 9.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the raterh 4hh2/da:,5z y5b.mbetw7 bskvpw 2 of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of w hdbseth 5ww2zp2:a/ .h,br 5mb vy4k7ater and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the cj;*8w+ y/osajp) xhi correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and rey p)j*/ia+hjcw 8xo s;flected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in the presenc ,usk 7itcn qmgsn7g6,f.h+p 6e of ugi7kpt 7cnq . ,+6g,nhmf ss6light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton 8,e*ae wdg ovzr-3:kz gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photosz8 wo :a ,r-gkv*zde3eynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons aq,b e bw:(aa.cre transferred from photosystee cb.(qbw:aa ,m II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bispdiin4xukq t 0x8k 3lv0f/(zcqq+ +hw/ hosphate undergo carboxylat+x30(fdun4/q qik kxlqh z /8tiwc0 v+ion?

  Which products are for i qm /tj+4klc/ote** .qitf3io:/ sxwmed at the end of the light-dependent and light-independent reacx* 3isotq oj/qw4fti e/k tmlic +:/.*tions?

  Thin-layer chromatog:,;-e ./avf4 ,kxv uo8uibfjl o y7yunraphy can be used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Belowu k,y o/jayoif-u47f8v bl;ve:x,n u. is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shos..+x9e8jflo h y1eec ws the ultrastructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spec ufpf4b 9+m7 rmkfc:k+k+(ulitrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed r d /ons8 hn76x schnc4*9vwr-leactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future rates of pho( m/rbuo1zkxr0 ka2ja3 ;:f6yqhi)a f tosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse e/m;yr(fk6z xfri03aq)uo j2b a a h1:kxperiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, an-prih 2jt)fzm5o+ /lb d what form is it found in?+fpm/z)lijr2bo5 t-h

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experimenn0s o x3l72rrrt that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions of phrrnol r7sx230 otosynthesis?