Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the p++n8b) co2jset idxoj 6-b+gbresence of light to produce elb8ogdjb-) nc xt+bso6++2j e iectrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during photosynthesish7xq7.vfe h6 o?

  The diagram below shows an experiment inve;6b 7mbrn/gdea/ g iy-stigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant valueb ai;/ybm6dn g7/- gre throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent?k7 (s ,pwldq, rkyczb- 1l/9qn

  The Hill reaction showsqqpe2(k2n3 hb electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is th3h2(qenp b2qk e final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows -;pf d t+hbb(f5qb7ljpart of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structurest +bff(h d75;pbl-bjq are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis alrnpi llxrq3pyooz+ek,989t3 4s2 o/ t different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of lighy,u01m we6v /xqpam 38 ,hkfgrt intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occup-v3 bmdd q +:.khen3kr in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows wherd; u khdu *u8oxjyd(b4cy.3 8ve chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cekh(d 8*vy c;duy.4ujb3du8x oll respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with r rx;cyzu1-3hrs(uo:i ed leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main sour cdxm6x9 unp :bq4y/b4ce of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions for photosynthesib9x4 4c uy/bm nx6:dqps?

  Which of the following correctly describes photovb: rjfnv5a/:wdx.x: ;7wnyqsynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occ1:eok os tvk;sd.+;j lc+0hayb lw 9-aurring in this light-independent reaction of photosov 0kd-e.bh1+9 o ka;ss+cy at;wljl :ynthesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is 0ga ap4q1,z humost involved in the production of reduced NADP and 4,g0uh 1qaazpATP?

The diagram shows the s-bf 66:.fkpc3 odak5bkwcop :eparation of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (T:-56ofbcob.: c fk3 k6wpkpdaLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate of ph/rb-b8y;0 pwlz ,v ubrotosynthesis, pondweed was 0w zbry p/8l-bvur, ;bplaced in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum r0j/i tt.foidh74lh 7j7 x xlf:epresents the correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflefhj/ fi. :ixhltt 7x 4jld770octed by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds5b*tlffm bgu;s8z.9 u are produced in the presence of lighg8 *z9ulfbfs.;5t m but.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid mem v :i+3wgrkc -c(4n)v ujco-vsbrane in the light-dependent reactirvjvocik vg(cn:) 3s- 4w+c-uons of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place befs4qy1l.* )befjg rg y7ore excited electrons are transferred from photosystem Iy)lj.q1g *fgr bye7 s4I to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chlr fg60 no;b4rqoroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylatior0rgo 6q4fn b;n?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent a 8e3:(fsinggand light-independent reactionsf:s38anigg e( ?

  Thin-layer chromatography ca2k87nyq cguo2n be used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used g87kqo2uy c2 nto work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chlozf4 3x;s)hhburoplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action lh6 ,*i8sb)v ohpjdvft6,9 e ospectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed1e +xo ;x29(jobopjtczvmt 4, reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experimgpwtl 8:b+3x 9dt5s rqixt1r7ents are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the follows5x 7g t3irrq98wd+:px1t tlbing is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem rl c (4rfaec;7*kso)my hu8v3II, and what form is it foun)( rc8h3 ka7 sfel;o uyc*rmv4d in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop exp-3q )t u/slyhceriment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reac tsq 3hcyul-)/tions of photosynthesis?