Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence of lignd :j3 ,g 6sd,ezjlr,fht to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxj zn,6dfl r,sej3,d g:ygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carb kqykql twbr:aapr7j8t 3*y7ulskj 13--6y *bon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effecten+lbu 0v,6x5iuu w7 f of temperature on the rate of phon,u05x7i bewuf luv6+tosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? kjcpp4 kg5-no6 xy4o8

  The Hill reaction shows el4g7 vjkw- y3r pka(rs/m ua/+oectron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactw srm7oy3(jkr v4/-aagk+ u/pions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplastmhmw2jyl9 h:n;s1 +ws; ztkwexug04, in a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled tm0 4z21+ 9ljwhke:,;uymx ngw;hsws X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis q-n,3reawoorkz md61qpk(+88 n yw2aat different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosy d/0zzfymd k3)qm8b 8qnthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calvin w(x8r*rq, r) oq.jlaa cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following c xv1 *t s2gs52gerop ;h/e(damorrectly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aova1ms5;g2* t/ s2d(exhrepgerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attrkkz 7yzrgp1 *;active houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-depe 8a8ktrh e5 b.dsd7k-5mqlt f,z 3jw.undent reactions for photosynthesis?m,7jtud.k8 -.tzbfl sq r3 hew55kd8a

  Which of the following correctlyg9obv.(tjp v 4s2hd m4 describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent reaction of photos8eza* afyc oh(q3n 5e/ynthef /*8a3eo(ceqhazy5n sis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in the prod -:* lgeh -qb(ywr+z fk3yv-vnuction of reduced NADP and yqhfv-w:+n-b vzky* e(g3l-r ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of pho)x q0svvo9+* bypuhz/tosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatographxvo9) u v*+0ps /hbzqyy (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts o 2-7d mf pg;i12ylvxslf climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solutg1ld-2vm ps; fly7i2xion of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrukuazkcm 85+a8 m* cglw-,+ enxm represents the correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and re ,w8cue a+mzg+ ma8kln-x5kc*flected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in the presx1qk8ackl3 / eesrx2v,tx *2 nence of li*/larscx x2e82kn,q tx 1kev 3ght.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the+ iqug8n:8qu fb,(nvf light-depe ,nffviugnbq+( :88 uqndent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited 2wj*, u*v))vtyxqn+ha dz9syelectrons are transferred from photosystem II to photosys yv2ya 9z+x wd sn,tj))q*vu*htem I?

  In which structure of the chlo (5oipr h5d)xiroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylh 5(pix5i dor)ation?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent and light-indepk(tsf wclt8 2ji hsi));li95x vf,*apendent reactsl2v p*ci li95)k() fths, jfax8wi;tions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetic pig9.phr uv-7uh nments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf valueu -. nuh7vph9rs are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chloropl+ oy vo5b*gyd3ast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for ph*a gvshc 0fp67otosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellularp. krvjhp sm/ w+iqb;c-+ l5:p respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment exp,x3lgj moi7s wt:kdf r3l-y+5v / hcj5eriments are used to predict future rates of photosynthesirxs3ji c +-yfh gmo:55lwjt7l,d kv/3s and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon d6v ;i izi,qs-/ql0 .s,wzfsgoioxide in photosystem II, and what form is itw ;zss,qv .,g/i6s 0iqofi-zl found in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop e*uq: qd 3rlcp,e0xnk ;xperiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions o0 3uc ,q;:n*eqxpkr ldf photosynthesis?