Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence of liglnj: y+ zcqhv .1qwb* )zljdq ne2 583aalq3c*ht to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen *l3z1nvdnq.l8a3+jcq ce j 2:hw5qqaz)ly *bmolecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during phqvuqu a em uv14x7r,30y eh7sm)kx3o d:k.uh8otosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment inzc7sp y iw9 thpd-+j8r-5-tq lvestigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value thw- tz7c tr-iyq8hj +9plsd p-5roughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represenfmqaj/9drr i ;3id 3y;t?

  The Hill reaction shows electron tranv;y;m8dd q(by(p (glfsfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichloryv(gm( (8l;dfydp; bq ophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast i2t6+xmqe0r3 +vla9f sgbz xg6n a leaf.Which of the following structures are found i9g0x+ e rga qvzlt62x6sb3mf+n the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the r eyxszdp82ex*q )fh16j,s+vo /l( uspate of photosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity onvtwj3xbe)nw*6 -4c nro gpy9)h; nl y* the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occurmqshz3g(5lj i+b 1tc( in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly ,x34 e6x6rwj dxfjr.))e i 99xkrmarz shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cel e9)rxijrxmk63w x)r94xe6a rd zfj,.l respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with red l 0hhi8.0bqnl peaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the lkiubt .+ (9kyh9v6b wnight-dependent reactions for photos(9nuwki+hb bkyv 6t. 9ynthesis?

  Which of the following /cbaoi 0y h:9fcorrectly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occ phq7 eglql909urring in this light-independent reaction of photosynthesis? pg 7qq0 l9le9h

  Which structure of the chloroplast is)o 8fti1n4bf 5snyyi/ most involved in the production of reduced ftb1ny8oiy /) 5si fn4NADP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of p8zz1vevwn:vd1 wu.e8 nf x 8a:hotosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) techni:ea1fn vwvn88dzxv z81uw:e. que in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of ev ak-/td92v6jxyc6y climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a x t -e69cvya/k2vdjy6solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct +z 7b9llom6bg sh wt8 ,buz5kz/qst /0range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosyw t , 89qb/z blhuls6zo/m+t75 kg0bzsnthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where c)r8t0la nvq whjd(znl)1 4t/sarbon compounds are produced in the presence o qla)lnz/8)w0ds(rtn 4 htjv1f light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to gene ) gt (dc/lhl7m(o(fckrate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reacti(m chd l(7(colk/) tgfons of photosynthesis?

  What is the process iy-yvg8 ./uolthat takes place before excited electrons are transferred from photosystem II to photosystg8 uy .-v/ilyoem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxyb54hb) jvwruh+0q* f 90jdzmfr/ c+ ljlationq 9*+ zv0bdhmcjflj)0/f rb jwrhu+54?

  Which products are formjj+m4 jt/kpwupr)s-2 ed at the end of the light-dependent and light-independent reac 4tmprjpu)ws2k j+/j-tions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosync7k:;k zr 2.-y rft3lfwy r5dithetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separatioiw y-2dcf5 f: yrz37klk;rt.rn of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chloropuwpo1o +agx7e,lygr 1,(/bx 5e mz+golast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosynthesisvcvd3rt(+5q s o3-pfp fieef1n 5q1d1.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration ara1z2a(y+w zv ;nka bghxz m9i *8/xoq0e enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future rates of photos 7h:g xot wnzkg,a(8+k0kkf1iynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantageiw 1k:ohkkxgk0 +,( g8anz t7f of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in jse .8i ,jozm+photosystem II, and what form is it found ,. ezs8ijjmo+ in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experixhi* irnj(2/9lm7 3 pi j5oprument that enabled Calvin to2lnm px iu5oir9i7rphj/*(j 3 determine the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?