Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence of lightnja, v8xynds, + a+mh6 to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?8mx ,,n6yva++nsj a hd

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation1j .ksdfqopw3of5/s7 during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigat- qekl 83;4fvefpgckiiv3,z +w1k5re ing the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynti,+f; qcevfl8 e pv35kk1 rz k34-ewgihesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X representa.4/+ hyik iko?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated)7t ez9y )6afndpg5q d chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instea)z yd)57f d9tan6ep gqd of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in ads-;+g6ewlmtv; x/ 9,r bgfm;ns nq p4 leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part of a chloropnf+p;6 /mq;rbn9sml,dg4- ;sge vtw x last labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at differentbe)xl52 l uqr0(ulurv ; f5r:s3bxco( temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on thz+nf5kud5ye 1e rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following proceszf 0 nysubdkt7 8)kg):ses occur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly sh6/b, n xmmgf ,iq:tpe4ows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthes6n qbm4ex: gfmp,,/itis and aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant vye6dizo e/ p/rbke +597pzj:with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions ; lo9o)isa si6in the light-dependent reactions for phooo;a9s6i i)lstosynthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or respirati elu3:*mxtpglzm-* 1 lt(yk3yg ef, 1uon?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independeycji.bu -g,l0 nt reaction of photosynthej-biul0y.c g,sis?

  Which structure of the chloe6y7tg7m,frehw r7m,4 * vlaf at( osapnm+6,roplast is most involved in the production of reduced NADPeffml(m* hwp,tr6o7 aavs,n ,a 7ryem+g 4t 76 and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation off8wz*e h95 zzp photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the sozw5p hfz* 9z8elvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climpj9-krh dad c2 hh7.- zt.rj6mate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of wha.2 p h76-rzhjd cd.-mtjkr9ater and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct ran x,t me 88 pqk8fb*2qpc8msb8mge of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflect, kp8 t8emqbc8xqf m88m 2spb*ed by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in the presfdd y4a),w2 l0i:tp+ qeneud0 ence of lig d 0n wp:) qdu,0di+ye2f4tealht.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid memq ;r*d mizjn69cdx2 bls(ajym( .x-1xdpn5m-brane in the light-dependent a1x-yl .-cj i ns m m*5d;x(6nxqprbm(zd92jdreactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are transferr f8f3d,kwe 8em-0+b a9qjap ired from jm-k3rwqfeaa+8 p8d, e9f0bi photosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the me9(l d+dm) h3soke d2chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxyla kmoe 3)h2d9(d dlm+estion?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent and lpc cn9.rbxwq,(-he6n ight-independenth cpb6q,(9cxe.wnrn - reactions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used u* pv-+osyfl3 - 7j0p/wfddwnu mqz+5 to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of ovs 0/+ln+mf3qf zuw5yjp*-w7d- dp upigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultraqms1cz*pb; :n(b p*t tstructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spec)o1q)jzc01.vfznzxcd b d 5 t8trum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular rbb f6c-q m)1r (xurh0oespiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict 9kv+ )q, 0ktn:k wsqcy 5vib6mfuture rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) ,nm5i: +)s 0 kk ckqqby6v9twvexperiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and whatlf ir m.y+9yfx6i)r ) it0dz9d form is itftir9 i6 xfd+)zm0ryidly) 9. found in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that enabled Cadx8 p-pklbvp ew 6(m5fh11 2xdlvin to determine the order of the ligh 8k1bd2ppx61 5xl-fpdv(me wht-independent reactions of photosynthesis?