Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the proyo+-i4js r * veew-d.esence of light to produc*4eow.oj id-yvesr+-e electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in ct 0d64(kvuc:envj0cj3 i;ts larbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the e 1 bv)asdksokx;q/mpm* (j ra,svc 9/ur 2+rz*ffect of temperature on the rate of photosynthes rksj*r+b 9,* m/ o/kqrx1(cvd;z2amsa)spvu is. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent8bxjgf.3 w : e; djf2d7tnli6q?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for c 7r.fgb/4 zdfqvah3pm(9zu+ l1er8wthe light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What p8fum(d+ vl941zqgrwz.f3 7 / bcerahis the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast ingfx :jen28-muw( . dy+ubw) ty a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in tn)xgd:8fu 2wb.u +mtyej-w y(he part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at differek 7d+fl z10wtvnt temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity 1(hp;v k*wuv xrfj v6gv-r,;n on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the xwyvts1 qa*d - hk,x94Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in p i+phkd9rp*: s54 bknhhotosynthesis and aerobic cell respiration?shp 59k*i+n d :rkbp4h

Coleus blumei is an attractive h ),ol s:kmq;vor34*qeoax5s4 h xxh,vouseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-depen lfm(pvh e60kr9l,3ux0rx n-3 hsw *yddent reactions for photosynthesisd9rwk xln-f0ur30 mph xve 6lh(*,3ys?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or respiratk :aw+y) xvit8ion?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring i:r e8xdt t-ae)n this light-independent reaction of photos8tdt e -ear):xynthesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involvs,7;yx2sn+ 1k m q z4(po8cgmjtvohy/ ed in the production of reduced kxpo ;gs nqyov+ 8z 2c(mj/m7sthy 41,NADP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separmt 0pgadl- 6lxbn -q79ation of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromat tlg 0p nx976-lq-bdmaography (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts ix b(3wfs/xwe8xrvz0p ; x:p 4.8yoboof climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placew rfv3ew ppyo4/xbx x;:. 8z x80oibs(d in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the cor,n(z-r cfbm72j/bt pwrect range of wavelengths of light that are absorj pnb/2,c7m(wr bztf -bed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon comcw qt(*10ly8pbo( ma dpounds are produced in the presence of l1t0 lmpqo*wa((b y 8dcight.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid4 c oylia8.0za2n5kj p membrane in the light-dependent reactions in8oyckzj05p.a42 alof photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited el q/fr 7n9 mo pnyk4orag3r5v97ectrons are transferred from phot kn9r 9 rn o4oq5v/3p7rmyg7faosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisz0g+p3nsb 4y/k.qbgv lk +v rju7x*k 8phosphate undergo carboxylationkgk.y rn40*vsk7/38+p jz bvgu bqxl+?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent and lii hxd.pq8o1 2 6wkb*ueght-independent reactions* 2bhdxup.i6o81 kqew ?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photoa ;a8ir*zlt.l aix 1g-synthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present inl zlaai arx 1;i.8tg*- the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chloroplas. zjc-zi9zi. xt.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the ackmzu p ybho85yg5 2xo-k;pk*+tion spectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catal/oa s3) re .abiw /uds8f5/eqlysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict fb,08ecl t,3hw1 kj /yw ox:jaouture rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which w1 xebak j, :,ohwl/t8jcy03 oof the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role ofyrjnyj r;pm:-gk7 ; /jgprz86 carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it foundry6mg;kpj-8 ;/ry: rnz 7jgpj in?

  What were the result 4(l6dl(twnzas obtained from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine thlnlz ((wa4td6 e order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?