Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence of light(ryntfg5cu6crx+vzz9+9 iff hp64: h to produce electrons, hydrogefgfzpx(r49c+r5c 9ht6: nyu f+ h 6zvin ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following v+v7)zmpbe*mmnqpt (i2 k/x , 4oigq3is involved in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect of pfg,nie;g q1 6temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which ofn f6;g,pie1 gq the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represen5pe/qha:ueh7 )xp5 vc t?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in.fy0x + se ,xqns(iz7eh2 vqa5 isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor 5n.ez is,aqh q2s+fvyxx70 (ein photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of thk,zp -uc8 mpb *h4ig6ee following structures are z*ip ce-ug86 ,kb4 pmhfound in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis atty6 cvr 1.0jwq different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect ofcqmt+ 9fi z3.o light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processe04yk 0e )thq6a93fr9p ilefsgs occur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes plar,qynipu *:,h ce in photosynthesis and aeror:q ,u*pny ih,bic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with red 6ov3a c zv:wa5leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependen8s. s3wpnw,e 1 8cp(qamuiru,t reactions for photosynthesi(u rw.1cp8isns , ue8 ,3aqwpms?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or respiratio1pwmt10c sc.0vot8 yn n?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in thiss(d731 gb e* zi0xstlw light-independent reaction of photosynthes7( sezx t0ld w3g1*sbiis?

  Which structure of the chl,,gy/dyrb d7gg+)pv toroplast is most involved in the production of reduced NADP and ATP?vgpb,,rg d+yt/y d7g)

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigment7vg )l-d:gcdfy* 5 tsrs using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) techctf5-d)v : dg sy7l*rgnique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate of phot :m edezr- b)8x)7mvozosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and c)rzmoze 8:ev 7)dx-bmarbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of u0qctot 55 ht9: -jgkqwavelengths of light that are abqcu tokt59gj :-th5q 0sorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbonu+ b i59j9u(goe:idship 3e0;s i+qbs compounds are produced in the presence of light. +ubp(+ 5i josi 9di:3sqeg 9siuhe;0b
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the r e/ (9laj+ihncr b ;5*zqvzi5thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactionb/zjc95z lainh r+ v5r*i(e ;qs of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excitp 59y.l/8notth9llqf ed electrons are transferred from pholnpl 9h. 8lqy9tf/ 5totosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo ca*o. dxc3j ruiw42+frdrboxylat+uddx *fi4o2r jw.rc3 ion?

  Which products are formed at the end of the ligh0+u,ho,u0)ztqap8/s8e0hks hgy y47 ftvo ztt-dependent and light-independent reac ,80zq) uyutfs 8 0gyethzhso0,p7vao+h /kt 4tions?

  Thin-layer chromatogralpdad8u s74lf y +w1):dp/vjs phy can be used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are press8d v ul:4lp+ /sfyj)1p7dwad ent in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure on :5f+x5uka cpiyv* u3f a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum1v xtybn2y2i hjg e*3- for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enz+a f:ur*la1 odizsx, :yme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments7hkln5c2 ce1 5. 5hxslhi5w ir are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experimentl h15c5s7ehi2l nirh5c.k w 5xs, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of caretreo. 5 p+yto: mwna6-z p/( zrc+q4rbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form isnap .wtry+o eor4ep:6-/ cr(t+mqz5z it found in?

  What were the results obtained from the lolli9gqf.fapy7 w h;w)c3 2osfyq 0pop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order .y0owf37qa;c9gs f)wf h2y pq of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?