Which term describes the splitting of water molecules ijlkw8 adxfw fo)2 dl;s88gg(1n the presence of light to produce ele ()kfd8x2f s8;glao jwd8wl1gctrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during 6 pxg+/bngb9qby z )2pphotosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the eff om1xbr4 jgya2 7px-.mect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following imxg1rb7o y.2jxa -m 4ps not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? )l7hmp dqk2 p4 b042zd zu,opn

  The Hill reaction shows ela9e8hax p:0p7p wi8cus,amk .ectron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natur:swx.a87aam,k p 8euphc p i09al final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph belowxfhr(adqku9t qeh7y8q s 29-(0zmj i* shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part of a chloroplast09s mq 8uiya9-7 tfrq(h(j2dhxze*k q labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different temperatz1y5z mjdp 8d/ures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect *n pym5r28(8sl om3jxrzep+ uof light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calvin cw* wo34dwb3/n+yq ot qycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in pho48u/wy s8bf.l(sf soatosynthesis and aero/bf4wssls 8 .o af8u(ybic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houq(p.zf/ 9*uek9 b02 v0uty ta:mbwz sgseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions forjm + qp -0wwj.g0ucxaqa-fq7oh 8lg.+ photosynthesig jh j. 7q0lwqpg+w80am-fqc-o+u.ax s?

  Which of the following correctly db8;oisk(4k z g1sol/ rescribes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent ru - /baxb2d1b+3bod64z)eb gyw h1 ejweaction of photosyntheexbbj be/d+6gd12-wb4 o)w1h b3ayuz sis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in ttw.b *oww//b8fi f*cnhe production of reduced NADP and ATP?wo ib f*t/bcwf*/.w8n

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigmentn n*u-q;f*o(3njx qvqwh.kf 8s using the thin-layer chr(uvqxnn*n;wjk*oq3q-8.ff homatography (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts ofv bc/+ot lp4ix3 u2fv* climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flax+/2po l3 u4vfivc *tbsks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct ranv0f4kz azhmi. 9/rgi3 e +lb)mge of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesisli3z.0+ig )mbrvah 9/ez km4f?

Photosynthesis is a prd gpv0g-xh.h e1vu 7 ()zbhk4gocess where carbon compounds are produced in the presence of lightgh)dg gh0v b z.k7v14ue(- hpx.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradiyr 6/ bgpgyz m91lrd)8ent across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photo bmy1g9gr pl)rd/6z8ysynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited ekymk6i(p;mcl. 0 ym /jlectrons are transferred from photosystem II to phoyc;(j kl6k/i.ymp m0 mtosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphw5 7969chis3i5n*xz m e8waedlo q .bqate undergo carboxylation a lq*hesb 6w.q 55imnd 9x7eiozwc389?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent and light-independ*jneukq8(m 91) i7sr jqtd h;dent reactioendq* hd;qmuj1) (7j k98irtsns?

  Thin-layer chromatograph2essvk2hs ) u u0(tnxgp:4 u.ay can be used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to w4a2ss.2k: vu0 ugx( u n)ephtsork out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows wri,/87gbmxp the ultrastructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum fo/l6+c u)e z 3fhbcecng)u,v ;yr photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyk:pkyct w,94b me-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future rates imrz4b r3 y+ht5v42i:w6sw nk of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over f6ks: 3h b4n2iivr+zw4 5rty wmree-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of8 wmx c .k8yqi.w3*aauu;x3m f carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form isfxuwuk8c ..3 q;a8i 3amwmxy* it found in?

  What were the results obtained fro+jbroao c45d b7qk64)wjdo8d m the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-inde 7wjocaoq+4rb) 856dk4 d jobdpendent reactions of photosynthesis?