Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence of lighd f;v,n(kc m cf3ns10dt to produce electrons, hydrogen ions nc(sd1ncmv ; kf f,d30and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbo epwxs1j9xv1h 80hy-qn fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experx ovb5s4 .2dcyiment investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a consovsd5 2xc4b. ytant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? xvv eq8ap:a.h8 6f8vf

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in 5cq4y s*cv* gxn.kd *tqb;*y fisolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. Whaq k dcbsfy4 gtyv;5*n*** cxq.t is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaua 1e6ej2yo n526 ffhmf.Which of the following structures are found jhfea2 n6 fe2o1yu65m in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthj8hgcj* qo.wc2nr28j+ bsa *oesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of pw;6b7, o gtqoq(c+am vhotosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in f+r3qz)j)0gg3uz g iothe Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in pblf7 +b uavm.:hotosynthesis and aerobic cell rmulv.fb a b7:+espiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant m3dq yj2z )b,jwith red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ionfw,r:/kd n29d+(cdo r7ekgnp7y ; vffs in the light-dependent reactions for photosynyko7g p ,c2dn: /(rr+nkfv;dw97 efdfthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photv (nkj 6fik2n4osynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent;ke s+m8i+ ;65 7vxam* ebiiezo)oprh reaction of photosynrmesvxak oo;i6+*b ph i +5;8mi)z7 eethesis?

  Which structure of the s7m teq yhcq:ji;1;c;s5 dqi) chloroplast is most involved in the production of reduced NADP and A);ds je5hm:;q;qi7qc1i sc tyTP?

The diagram shows the separationr; o lx5c,wr7x of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in th xl7;rc oxrw5,e solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climetc c8;pz8u3 8o+lhrj ate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conic3;rz8+ cthlcoeuj8p 8al flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents .xa+ nbwi05) ft k tr+ h3ers6tqvm/;-h/zdepthe correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthe e35 //zrrit nptt+we+vhf0 bkaq6sd);h-m.xsis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounkf vg1 fu4n)j2ds are produced in the presence of light.4g1 )njffku2v
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton 7 p8)3numq+lca gk*hrgradient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis)hqlmpra8 7cgn+ uk3*?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are transferree( -k,+1 e(g71uix 2fiqp y iiqjh8qbed from phei+,p xq qbqii-g 82 euei(fk 1hyj(17otosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribuloseoygqev 2,n , 4lhc,73hgbeh,q bisphosphate undergo carboxyb7 qe v,h l, oh,nqec,43hygg2lation?

  Which products are formed at theja 33mtfa1y qoims2 9ug 2ka*: end of the light-dependent and light-independent reactions?i23q*a1 j3auo:smg kay mf29t

  Thin-layer chromatography can f4.+ :grxgdzsbe used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separati. dxrgzf+ :g4son of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastruct- .r3 5kh /qp hr c9hdqu5chi xsv,f/jg3m7c/dure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum forz(wj03f o/mh-,r e0r xw1v jca photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed rea.(, bgk .4:wens.dcac ifqyf-ctions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future radeq/e-mz)u .7rbt n )ptes of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enre tq/-ur)nzdme.) b7pichment experiments?

  In algae, what is thn uxgo,)y4k0qc(u ua) e role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form isgua4qy)(okx cu )0un, it found in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that enabled Cy /*ezqxo2, j/skn4l7:c b8zbykpy2 o -m *ydgalvin to determ o-d*cs/8gep, yqk*yjk 2bm2x:y /7z zynbl4 oine the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?