Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence obitglzp+hj ;qr dp.ctr08(,.f light to produce elecrtp8pcgq +b id,z h. tl(0r;.jtrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation durinwj2p b-mycd2 1g photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment inv s 3agp2zxo d085kh1mqestigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value through 3xm ah dg15sqpkzo820out this particular experiment?

  What does X representb+6ft /mh90joy lzq0u ?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts fo.c azwy 3*6shpr the light-dependent reactih scw*3yp6az .ons of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaa2xr s: k0ll:qf.Which of the following structures are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled r 0q:aklx:l2s X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at nc i3w hh1uq *h+.yz:ldifferent temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of ligh3vhtprle96 k5dk gr38t intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Ca(3 l 6tesmsta6d jd3h.lvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following csh- g -khl3izc)lpb eb /*s/:horrectly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aeehsgbpc*/ hl3/)- b:hil- kszrobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with red lf /.iw vwumf09rz*gf* eaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-depencszwkgb 5c;1zb:k p /15 aaoq7dent reactions for photosyn;soc5:wgb5/k7qzb ak 11a zc pthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes phbs*fj fg4(n8rb v .qq3otosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independc;1,1lp wc56w* qkv3bfkbjyy ent reaction of photos6j31w;k cyvb ,bpk51 f* lcqywynthesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involv4np 613yd3nkdj tg/awed in the production of reduced NADP and ATP?w3g/p3 dty 4nk1dj6na

The diagram shows the,8ope-awi0/+ t/ni+ p sylya f separation of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) techniqu,ept+- p+i/n /sf0y iwyaa l8oe in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impa*nm fh gl,3l;nvz1:jucts of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweenhj fv ,:ulg13n*zml ;d was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths ofj/* xy+c0mxfe.w2q qf light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll f+ eyx02f fq/x.mqcwj*or photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in the pr po03,4q x mnr9nxc2liesence 39, 2onq0mrni p4lxc xof light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membranelrc.j, :p.gvqs1 gdr* in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesivl1*.jg rc. ,:dsp grqs?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are transfx0v:*l+m :t aflzd p5herred from photosystem:lx:zdp+0 vl 5*fmaht II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphat,y0 e7su *gasdx 6)u9e-eub-ihv 5krde undergo carboxylation hbgi -su9sd56r y70-ee vx*u )k,euad?

  Which products are formed at ther6;pfq4 r9zeb ;natae o (vz1/ end of the light-dependent and light-independent reacti zvzeo;qa1 arb; pn9rf6t/e(4ons?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Belo1n fc vmd. nrk)ots(o5i.38hyw is drnf.s iy3kn85t)mo1vh.(o c a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultras7xf hjid4g;jd 9l)f;oby fkip6 jwh k4r-;w7/ tructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosynthe(tpcx-wi jdl:swzc:602(k bysis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed rea+41w uu oj:haxctions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments arzr 7n./btsoe +e used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when czbtoe+/n s.r7 onducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide ij j1km/3fhm2mk( 5zrwn photosystem II, and what form is(35r2 /kjf1m jwzmkhm it found in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment c 9 g 5emq2 0j7ydk0w5qmgqqn+that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent rj mdqmq nq 09+ec5qk5gw07yg2eactions of photosynthesis?