The three common phases of matter ahwe:98n j 0,2mdl/r 3wfs/v9dn xulwvre

  Density is

  Substance A has a densitsej03eu*t i(n y of $3.0 \; g/cm^{3}$ and substance B has a density of $4.0 \; g/cm^{3}$. In order to obtain equal masses of these two substances, the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B will be equal to

  Pressure is

  Which of the following is not a unit of pta*6 z; g7kqtpressure?

  Consider three drinking glasses. All three have1 m1t5vdan0oto agm)3 ,oox6t the same area base, and all three are filled to the same depth with water. Glass A is cylindrical. Glass B is wider at the top than at the bottom, and so holds more water than A. Glass C is narrower at the top than at the bottom, and so holds less water than A. Which glass h5n ot o3)01g,td6tomomvx a1aas the greatest liquid pressure at the bottom?

  What is the difference between the pressures insik;j,8qr2t rv ode and outside a tire called?

  When atmospheric pressure changes, what happens to the absolute pre1z,c d2p:md crnqpz 4*ssure at the bo 241pczrc :d,npdzq*m ttom of a pool?

  You are originally 1.0 m beneath the surface of a pool. If you dive to 2.0 m bebt24*h b/chx d .4vfsvneath the surface, what happens to the absolute pres/xd2vbh 4 stf.c*4b hvsure on you?

State Pascal's princizpslxyy1)( s9-dlh m+ ple.

State Archimedes' princip8,suinx4aje96 +l p efle.

  $50 \; cm^{3}$ of wood is floating on water, and $50 \; cm^{3}$ of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  As a rock sinks deeper and deeper into water of co); 3ueayev lb :gpa8j1dr/frkp ,+0hknstant density, what happens to 8v :,103paabu;)y j dhgr+ lfe/kepkrthe buoyant force on it?

  Salt water has greater deydct)gdg.nz1 1n/ ;lp,*ek krnsity than fresh water. A boat floats in both fresh water and in salt water. Where is the buoykd).ptn/dgz c*1; lk n y,rg1eant force greater on the boat?

  Salt water is more dense than fresh water. A ship floats in both f, : t -:omocl f4y6a25gv n(gkxscnly/w.a) jsresh water and salt water. Compared to the fresh water, the volume of water displaced in the salt wateos g/2akm ygt64c n)::owlanv.cx y(,-j lsf5r is

  A steel ball sinks in wat u b;;yuvdn.58 lss6kber but floats in a pool of mercury. Where is the buoyant forcek 6u.sl5b;8nd ybvs u; on the ball greater?

  A 10-kg piece of alumi z5q1 o*q2/wstx0( 08nniendpr l.g hynum sits at the bottom of a lake, right next to a 10-kg piece of lead. Whicn0qy d(hr il/*.1nqez20p8tx5 wg nso h has the greater buoyant force on it?

  A piece of iron rests on top of a piece of wood floating in a bathtub. If the ieyfxax 3r*iw k jp t(l1+-2yq;ron is removed from the wood, what happensx2f lxy (;k1iqeatr jypw3 +-* to the water level in the tub?

  A piece of wood is floa2 g7nkx4n 0/4ynlu 5)ohfwtenting in a bathtub. A second piece of wood sits on top of the first piece, and does not touch the water. If the top piece is taken off and placed in the water, what happens to the water level2 enw4oluxng )057tnhk /f4n y in the tub?

  Water flows through a pipe. The tkbhm*8u./q l1 o- zvkdiameter of the pipe at point B is larger than at point Ab8zk v-tuk/q*l . hm1o. Where is the speed of the water greater?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s i*y* hra 0.bervn a horizontal pipe. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the .*ab 0* revyrhflow speed in the wider section?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the pipe narrows tfq+ku)0/j veb o half its original radius, j u 0)ve+/kfbqwhat is the flow speed in the narrower section?

State Bernoulli's principle.)hii-p2 hgv-z p1he w3

  Which one of the following is associatqbf3/s7d gc:gj vy5 r,ed with the law of conservation of energy in fluids?vs5/ygj,7q3b cgdf r:

  As the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pressure c1fk708awa v.+ b dlpmin the fluid

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B is-bmtb,qb pq3f0l(8z x larger than atzpqx0b,- bt(b8m3f ql point A. Where is the water pressure greatest?

  When you blow some air above a paper strip, the paperrn *tlvmz4f j26 y.zluwd)6f, rises. This is because

  A sky diver falls through the air at terminal velocity. The f4xp 6. ikh2fefrt 9l4porce of air resistance on h f44 k.eithpf6x 9rp2lim is

  Two Styrofoam balls, oqdbn6.zg opxhx/f (n3.o al8buf; ( m6f radii R and 2R, are released simultaneously from a tall tower. Which will reach 6( o qo/hgnuzd.fp; b3bam xx6fn.l8(the ground first?

  When a small spherical rock of radius r falls through water, itiq5m,*uua spnp(em k9w4:r08k p ;uxd experiences a drag for9keqmpr4 p 8i;0k 5u(u*wp nd,m:axu sce $F=arv$, where $v$ is its velocity and $a$ is a constant proportional to the viscosity of water. From this, one can deduce that if a rock of diameter 2.0 mm falls with terminal velocity, $v$, then a rock of diameter 4.0 mm will fall with terminal velocity .

  Which has the greates6z/gqb quu*m 9t effect on the flow of fluid through a narrow pipe? That is, if you made a 10% change in each of the quantities buqz*6 gb u9/qmelow, which would cause the greatest change in the flow rate?

  Two horizontal pipes a z j+lu2a5i -j; vbke9rf2i3sxre the same length, but pipe B has twice the diameter of pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the9kj5a+b; 2fexluzvrs ii 2-j3 pipes. If the flow rate in pipe A is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe B?

  Two horizontal pipes have the same diameter, but pipe B is twice as long as p f jy(1q-tjv0di;i:7 vhkaa:jipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure diff;yjv i0ij- djkv(7ftah:a1q: erence across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe B is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe A?

  When soup gets cold, it often tastes greasy. This "greasy" taste seemsa/1*afh8 ,+dsgeln d g to be associated with oil spreading out all over the surface of the soup, instead of staying in little globules. To us "physikers", this al8da*/+,hne1s gg dfis readily explained in terms of

  When a tube of diameter d is placed in water, the waw pa)kj+l;.q yter rises to a height h. If t)+ ypjq;w.k alhe diameter were half as great, how high would the water rise?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are sufficiently lighgakvt(n j6 n+xi1qh,ki o 478bh/,s udtweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. Water bug A has weight W. Water bug B is twice as big as bug A, in all dimensions. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the weight of 1t 4h7nqjk(ui+,vx naibhg6s o /8dk,bug B?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are sufficiently lightweight trgd.3 g vsu lim-e-li;-u,c*h hat they can run 3gv dml-.*gsirc e- u,l-hiu; on top of water without breaking the surface tension. This is possible because the water, due to surface tension, exerts an upward force on the bottom of the bug's feet. Suppose that the maximum possible upward force on the feet of water bug A is F. Now suppose that water bug B is twice as big as bug A in every dimension. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the maximum upward force on the feet of bug B?

  A plastic block of dimensions 2.00 cm x 3q9mg0z6vx( yr (6azef .00 cm x 4.00 cm has a mass of 30.0 g. What is its dera66z 0x(zfv yeq( m9gnsity?

  A liquid has a specific gravity ob4 4g+ohm; wwpwv w.u8f 0.357. What is its density?

  A brick weighs 50.0 N, and measd tc88w5)j bmiures 30.0 cm x 10.0 cm x 4.00 cm. What is the maximum pressu8i)t85bjcd wmre it can exert on a horizontal surface?

  A person weighing 900 N is standing on snowsh7q nx9m6loytckfy1r-b3l ) j 8sb:uq3 oes. Each snowshoe has area $2500 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure on the snow?

  How much pressure (absolute) must a subx;d7g srp*km -marine withstand at a depth of 120.0 m in the oceanr7km-p;d sg*x ?

  A circular window of 30 f11s0 tp okt3bcm diameter in a submarine can withstand a maximum forcefot1 k bst301p of $5.20 \times 10^{5} \; N$. What is the maximum depth in a lake to which the submarine can go without damaging the window?

  What is the gauge pressure if the absolute pressure iseq5c7- 6bh6 lo:l5 juszdd*gg fr /;ri 300 kPa?

  What is the gauge pressure at a location 15.0 m below the surface of s2y+jf zo :esl4::ewil ea? (The density oyl:lizj:os+ 42fe:we f seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  What is the absolute pressure at a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? ,fstmjfyz+(jp ba -;cxki 7 +6 (The density of seawater is kpb(jf+;ma6yj +zfxti-s7 ,c$1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  A 500-N weight sits on the small piston of a hydr5 r6rvlbnl) eptx3j;-aulic machine. The small piston has5bvj3 n)txlr ;l6-e rp area $2.0 \; cm^{2}$. If the large piston has area $40 \; cm^{2}$, how much weight can the large piston support?

  In a hydraulic garage lift, the smisb:b( e4 ; 93in zi*ny4lteufall piston has a radius of 5.0 cm and the large piston has9*iebe :izinu44f l s3yn (b;t a radius of 15 cm. What force must be applied on the small piston in order to lift a car weighing 20,000 N on the large piston?

  A 13,000 N vehicle is to be lifted b(2ga)u5h m,b yrqzo,gr8+jkn y a 25 cm diameter hydraulic piston. What force needs to be applied to a 5.0 cm diameter piston to accomplish 5qhauz jrgrk2,+nm8, )( y gbothis?

  The small piston of a hydraulic lift has a diameter of 8.0 cm, and dyta oed tu51,d r30z1its large piston 1z3ttd1y 5rddea,o0u has a diameter of 40 cm. The lift raises a load of 15,000 N.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston    $N$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift    $\times 10^5 \; Pa$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A block of metal weighs 40 N in air and 30 N in water. What is the buoyabfq;s iuwad+92+ al6jnt force of thlwauifq+d 6s92jba+ ;e water?

  An object has a voluauts:14x v- j l8o*svsme of $4.0 \; m^{3}$ and weighs 40,000 N. What will its weight be in water?

  A 4.00-kg cylinder of solid iron is supported :mv *jbl5a v:q)3bisj by a string while submerged in water. What is the tensionsv b:)3*:jqm iv j5bla in the string? (The specific gravity of iron is 7.86.)

  If the density of gold iqb / pp,(3iqmus $19.3 \times 10^3 kg/m^{3}$, what buoyant force does a 0.60-kg gold crown experience when it is immersed in water?

  A crane lifts a steel submar)3 up)gmgbq43sbn1 t j 0yp8fjine (density = $7.8 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$) of mass 20,000 kg. What is the tension in the lifting cable (1) when the submarine is submerged, and (2) when it is entirely out of the water?

  An object weighs 7.84 N when it is in air yttmpm mih722lv3* o9 and 6.86 N when it is immersed in water. What is the specific gravity of the objecti*op 27t29lmh3 vty mm?

  A container of water is placed on a scale, and the39 ,xmwytlf 1k s-jo6g scale reads 120 g. Now a 20-g piece of copper (specific gravity = 8.9) is suspen9 6-om kws1g,lf3tyx jded from a thread and lowered into the water, not touching
the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?

  A piece of aluminum with a mass of 1.0 kg and densit(5ou+yv xn0p,;hfx b ky of $2700 \; kg/m^{3}$ is suspended from a string and then completely immersed in a container of water. The density of water is $1000 \; kg/m^{3}$.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum    $\times 10^{-4} \; m^3$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the tension in the string after the metal is immersed in the container of water $N$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A cylindrical rod of length 12 cm and diameter 2.0 cm will just barela yffs r+1zag1kjz 0 k;h43rh.y float in water. Whatj+0f.4 k;as 3kra hzfyr1g 1hz is its mass?

  A rectangular box of negligible mass measures 5.0,xnnnd6ey /m wf68*kv m long, 1.0 m wide, and 0.50 m high. How many kilograms of mass can be loade/ wn,nn vyd m8kx*6f6ed onto the box before it sinks in a lake?

  A $1.0 m^{3}$ object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What does the object weigh out of the water?

  An object floats with half its volume beneath the surface of the water. The weiq4joe ug / bfwxbgr0je:)4/as l+t( k/ght of the displaced water is 2000 N. g)r0te //skj+xgb f44 /q:jb(wae l uo What is the weight of the object?

  A solid object floats in water with three-) h0t: nfsgbmp)ckh .((kgag-fourths of its volume beneath the surface. What is)b0a:-s fnhtgchkg .p)g km (( the object's density?

  A 200-N object floats with thu c-oi3 .:mpvtree-fourths of its volume beneath the surface of the water. What is the buoyant .:u3octpi vm- force on the object?

  A polar bear of mass 200 kg stands axl s: h8zx/)ww9obw *on an ice floe 100 cm thick. What is the minimum area of the floe that will just support the bear in saltwater of specific gravity 1.03? The specib9z:wl /8 wahxws*x )ofic gravity of ice is 0.98.

  Liquid flows through a pipe oli/qy ipf9j0 1f diameter 3.0 cm at 2.0 m/s. Find the flow rate.

  Liquid flows through a 4.0 cm diameter pipe at 1.0 m/s. There is a 2.0 cm dia)xra1nt. djqw,*x,wb mu:b 2 xmeter restric ,b*.)twj wd:au1r qxbx2,xmntion in the line. What is the velocity in this restriction?

  Water flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pq ub7 3i 3smub;7eqk/iipe with a pressure of $3.0 \times 10^4 \; N/m^2$. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider section?

  How much pressure does it take for a pump to supply a drinking fountain withj vvf:eu1-/t : bbriw-8mdy7h 300 kPa, if the fountai-h t eiy/-mwb7j:1ruvd8b: fv n is 30.0 m above the pump?

  A hole of radius 1.0 mm occurs in the bottom of a watebqc ud a..y.az i+c/x 2xa0l-sr storage tank that holds water at 0ad isczlau2+. qa/.-xyb cx.a depth of 15 m. At what rate will water flow out of the hole?

  Water flows through a horizontal pipe of cross-sectionala 2ube;e 7h9gh2j;rkl area $10.0 \; cm^{2}$ at a pressure of 0.250 atm. The flow rate is $1.00 \times 10^{-3} \; m^{3}/s$. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to $5.00 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure at the valve?

  SAE No. 10 oil has a viscosity oi6,q dks*d4w: qs 6eeef 0.20 Pa-s. How long would it take to pour 4.0 L of oil through a funnel with a ne4sd:we 6e sdek ,*6qiqck 15 cm long and 2.0 cm in diameter? Assume the surface of the oil is kept 6 cm above the top of the neck, and neglect any drag effects due to the upper part of the funnel.

  Suppose that the build-up ofi .krr5y o8)m w*4halt fatty tissue on the wall of an artery decreased the radius by 10%48r t rwk.* mlyaoh)5i. By how much would the pressure provided by the heart have to be increased to maintain a constant blood flow?

  Two narrow tubes are placed in a pan of wa:emx m6 kdtec(b)j8 k.ter. Tube A has twice the diameter of tube B. If water rises 24 cm in tube A, how high will it rise in tube B8md)6 .cx(mke bje:tk ?

  The surface tension of water is 0.073 N/m. How high witeabky l- sx: bk/1pcw z.;:6ull water rise in a capillary tube of diameter 1.2 m :cu:lty6ws1 kzba.; b- xpk/em?

  232

  To what height would water at 0 degree Cauuy229v kfz- elsius rise in a glass capillary tube with a diaz-k a2 uy9vu2fmeter of
0.50 mm?

  A narrow tube is placed vertically in a pan of water, axo: zy *,6lce/p znej:nd the water rises in the tube to 4.0 cm above the level of the pan. The surface tension in the liquid is lowered to one-half its original value by the addition of some soap. What happens to the height of the liquid column in the:z*oelcz ,pn :6/j yxe tube?

  Consider a rectangular frame of length 0.120 m an v4+ft18 / nkxnmmd zfn1y91dad width 0.600 m with a soap film formed within its confined area. If the surface tension of soapy water is 0.0260 N/m, how much force does the soap film exert on the 0.600 mm nftzd/ 1k81yma1fn9v x4d+n side?

  An adjustable rectangular frame has length 12 cm and width 5 cm, s2n. wyyoq97fey :ta; and is built in such a way that one of the longer sides can be moved without bursting the soap film contained in the frame. Soapy water has surface tension 0.026 N/m. How much work is required to move the adjustable.; seayq2f9o nty7: wy long side so that the frame is 12 cm square?