The three common phases p.tn e 84ke2tzof matter are

  Density is

  Substance A has a denijq7k j ay:-gt +b9nj(sity of $3.0 \; g/cm^{3}$ and substance B has a density of $4.0 \; g/cm^{3}$. In order to obtain equal masses of these two substances, the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B will be equal to

  Pressure is

  Which of the following is not a unit o 6ntqd+vqm/0cf pressure?

  Consider three drinking glasses. All three have the same arelaz) fm*v1q72 0d3jniu5f tj ra base, and all three are filled to the same depth with water. Glass A is cylindrical. Glass B is wider at the top than at the bottom, and so holds more water than A. Glass C is narrower at the top than at the bottom, and so holds less water than A. Which glass has the grf q* ) mr0lu7tjv fdzan1ij523eatest liquid pressure at the bottom?

  What is the difference between mpr2 ge:;a ns3the pressures inside and outside a tire called?

  When atmospheric presskvu+: q; lqd1pcqn; kl.ps/o5ure changes, what happens to the absolute pressure at the 5n 1pkkcqlu:.l q /spd+ q;ov;bottom of a pool?

  You are originally 1.0 m beneath the surface of a pk9k *tq1k lgy) ,4sgwbool. If you dive to 2.0 m beneath the surface, what happens to the absolute pres*91s, q4gkgl kty)bwksure on you?

State Pascal's principuxl6p 95c4lwf q7n 2egle.

State Archimedes' princi;fxewvu*/ f28p(4w souf*zpd+k5op dbgz0y : ple.

  $50 \; cm^{3}$ of wood is floating on water, and $50 \; cm^{3}$ of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  As a rock sinks deeper and deeper into w ob b1k.jt9( -guiysh8ater of constant density, what happens to the buoyant yi91(hg o-bjubst . k8force on it?

  Salt water has greater density than fresh w ww 9wd-/ gy9b6zdhykt+99wwrk47bbbater. A boat floats in both fresh water and in salt water9gw/-4dkrbbz t96w wywb7w yhk b9d9+. Where is the buoyant force greater on the boat?

  Salt water is more dense than frvh625vzwcud ts bb -1i5*l*f sesh water. A ship floats in both fresh water and salt water. Compared to the fresh water, the volume of w21vz5d*ul 6wb ih -bst5 svfc*ater displaced in the salt water is

  A steel ball sinks in water but floats in a r ,u uw.d()izupool of mercury. Where is the buoyant fu)ud, .zwuir( orce on the ball greater?

  A 10-kg piece of aluminum sits at the botvi6w 1ql3 eah.tom of a lake, right next to a 10-kg piece of lead. Which has the greahwiq3l16ev . ater buoyant force on it?

  A piece of iron rests on top of a piece of wood float4h9jlb ko o .h-3 ul,o, tma747nngtpyicis(2ing in a bathtub. If the iron is removed from the woodai4 .tun2scop m,lhjny73gbtk7ilo-4 9o ,(h, what happens to the water level in the tub?

  A piece of wood is floating in a bathtub. A second)e2j fk tp-xgxo/5 -lo piece of wood sits on top of the first piece, and does not touch the wt fkp-ol- )eg5ox2j x/ater. If the top piece is taken off and placed in the water, what happens to the water level in the tub?

  Water flows through a pipe. The diamete)m. q,(zg0phkpww c+ fr of the pipe at point B is larger than at point A. Where is the speed of the water grwg0kzq mpfh+.w)p , c(eater?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the pipe widens to twi4 61ciwvn.u;wmin hr/kpg48:i +oi eece its original radius, what is the flow speed in the wider sectihi.wi+v46/:ne8m op 4g iw;ukn e1cr ion?

  An ideal fluid flows i;twynqt vb8422 k l8wat 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the pipe narrows to half its original radius, what is the flow spenqyt w8t82lwi 2v b4k;ed in the narrower section?

State Bernoulli's princip6o 87qrqc vcx7b5j+l lle.

  Which one of the following is associate.o m f;/bhv6thd with the law of conservation of energy o6mhtf/bv h ;.in fluids?

  As the speed of a moving fluid increases, the cq (ap308 fnkhpressure in the fluid

  Water flows through a p1fau z6i:7 je8(go3el 5a bddqipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B is larger than at point A. Where is thfa1 lq:jbdg (7oaz8d 5uee63ie water pressure greatest?

  When you blow some air above a paper strip, tk xgyl(9m3kb 5kk4;*f1phs: p2fehy whe paper rises. This is because

  A sky diver falls throu 0pwnn43//2sv:l cwla lql.gtgh the air at terminal velocity. The force of air resistance on him i3lglt20 wnl q as /c:w./nvl4ps

  Two Styrofoam balls, of radii R and 2R, are released simultane z2s ;pv+ml5goously from a tall tower. Which will reac mg+5o2pvz ;lsh the ground first?

  When a small spherical rock of radius r falls through water, it ex8 rtgk:h-iz1 goze4b*periences a drag o e- kzbzr4*8i1gtgh: force $F=arv$, where $v$ is its velocity and $a$ is a constant proportional to the viscosity of water. From this, one can deduce that if a rock of diameter 2.0 mm falls with terminal velocity, $v$, then a rock of diameter 4.0 mm will fall with terminal velocity .

  Which has the greatest effect on the flow of fluid through a narrow pipe? Th4ynv-e8kw ytee +*9t wat is, if you made a 10% change in each of the quantiti9 *-ty4e w8knwt +eveyes below, which would cause the greatest change in the flow rate?

  Two horizontal pipes are the same length, but pipe B has twice the diameto1bf un(1h ,sber of pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of theh bfuo,1bn1s( pipes. If the flow rate in pipe A is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe B?

  Two horizontal pipes have the same diamel*kn*mml:re 8 ter, but pipe B is twice as long as pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe B is Q, what is the flow rate innm l*:krm*le 8 pipe A?

  When soup gets cold, it often tastes greasy. This "greasy" taste seems to be awl+.zdfrgj i9l k2 *0k/(12 grbjcedsssociated with oil spreading out all over the surface of the soup, instead of staying in little globules. To us "physikers", this is readily explained (zlkj.dk+91 dljfi/g22brr s e w0c*gin terms of

  When a tube of diameter d is placed in e(2tjgek bhv4(h nn 9(water, the water rises to a height h. If t ehn( bv9(n2tgh(ke4j he diameter were half as great, how high would the water rise?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are suf 8i /-javehp/j7:ts 8f4wtih dficiently lightweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. Water bug A ie h:4t- a8 /fhw /jp7tvij8dshas weight W. Water bug B is twice as big as bug A, in all dimensions. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the weight of bug B?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are sufficiently lightweight1v1p ue)0igd;6u bnjegp + /jl that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. This is possible because the water, due to surface tension, exerts an upward force on the bottom of the bug's feet. Suppose that the maximum possible upward force on the feet of water bug A is F. Now suppose that water bug B is twice1udeu ;/0epvl)16b+gn jp ijg as big as bug A in every dimension. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the maximum upward force on the feet of bug B?

  A plastic block of dimensions 2.00 cm x 3.00 cm7seqkr r) bn9bzc:6*x x 4.00 cm has a mass of 30.0 g. What is e9ks crxb ):bqz6*7nr its density?

  A liquid has a specific gravity futo6nmz;2 s..y xhtznb. q p* u,)u*fof 0.357. What is its density?

  A brick weighs 50.0 N,s7 gdh qo*i+;vtnbc*6 and measures 30.0 cm x 10.0 cm x 4.00 cm. What is the maximum pressure it can exert on a horizontc*v6ig hsqnb*+;td7 oal surface?

  A person weighing 900 N is standing on snow6h x a0lrhjq 7ns ka6r8p /x,hu-sh02bshoes. Each snowshoe has area $2500 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure on the snow?

  How much pressure (absolute) must a submarine withstan opa(v5-eg1d 4t:flfbla q:9j2(w nvwd at a depth of 120.0 m in the oceaaq( dlv9f:ap- 1:ev24lnf5 to(jwwgbn?

  A circular window of 30 2a u9zlww.yq 4cm diameter in a submarine can withstand a maximum force owuaql 2.9 4yzwf $5.20 \times 10^{5} \; N$. What is the maximum depth in a lake to which the submarine can go without damaging the window?

  What is the gauge pressure if the abhl-i gym,ke4:19fk qn9 bxja 5solute pressure is 300 kPa?

  What is the gauge pressure at a location 15.0 m belo.p8 ;+nhfr w l9psuu klh:7:nr 1o6kpyw the surface of sea? (The density of seawater is osu 7n:p h:ykf86+ lupw19rlnkpr.h; $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  What is the absolute pressure at a locfr3 3n2gci /meav qv zfrqgk3q421.w8ation 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (The density of seawater3m3wgcn2 q/egr f q 81a qv23k.vz4ifr is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  A 500-N weight sits on the small piston of a hydraulic macyuh,q s-p*7cz;ux7 zfhine. The small piston ;f uy*7hx7 ps-czzq,uhas area $2.0 \; cm^{2}$. If the large piston has area $40 \; cm^{2}$, how much weight can the large piston support?

  In a hydraulic garage lift, the small pistong4e5 by564-oskgb xh6ow3z xf has a radius of 5.0 cm and the large piston has a radius of 15 cm. What force must be applied on the small piston in order to lift a car weighing 20,000 N on o4fx6 eyg46z-bgs h 35bw o5kxthe large piston?

  A 13,000 N vehicle is to be lifted by a 25 cm diameter hyd4/s (kcsf3j *nhu 4owkraulic piston. What force needs to be applied to a 5.0 cm diameter piston to accomplish t ncso4whu* /j4s3kk(f his?

  The small piston of a hydraulic lift has a diameter of 8.0 cm, and its + ,g 8 na4a)xyyhoa5pz4)og up3lwyi:large piston has a diameter of 40 cm. The lift raises hwuy o4p,ay 3)8x:ng4+ y gia)z5lpoaa load of 15,000 N.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston    $N$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift    $\times 10^5 \; Pa$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A block of metal weighs 40 N in air and 30 26zzsaw*sjy p sm,:6g aui-3wN in water. What is the buoyant force of the z 6swms pg:ijwys6*23, ua-z awater?

  An object has a volume of nxr. 8ckv,0 viv 6y2.jgl)uhvbp:wjt.:ak 3k$4.0 \; m^{3}$ and weighs 40,000 N. What will its weight be in water?

  A 4.00-kg cylinder of solid iron is supported by a string while submerged in watlig..3q9 ac ydvh( ew1er. h.wv1 g9ia ed3.lq(ycWhat is the tension in the string? (The specific gravity of iron is 7.86.)

  If the density of gold sh 3s yr q;1plqbt1-3his $19.3 \times 10^3 kg/m^{3}$, what buoyant force does a 0.60-kg gold crown experience when it is immersed in water?

  A crane lifts a steel sucbtw 24i4wvgqq- 1o m*bmarine (density = $7.8 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$) of mass 20,000 kg. What is the tension in the lifting cable (1) when the submarine is submerged, and (2) when it is entirely out of the water?

  An object weighs 7.84 N when it is in air and +()l5geag mtl :i3tay6.86 N when it is immersed in water. W5+itgy: ()m lta agel3hat is the specific gravity of the object?

  A container of water is placed on a scale, ando gfmb:)v9n)p the scale reads 120 g. Now a 20-g piece of copper (specific gravity = 8.9) n ):b 9ogmvp)fis suspended from a thread and lowered into the water, not touching
the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?

  A piece of aluminum with a mass of 1.0 kg and densit/.33*dw w0pyv,mtlh;bojh m 6v qkua*y of $2700 \; kg/m^{3}$ is suspended from a string and then completely immersed in a container of water. The density of water is $1000 \; kg/m^{3}$.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum    $\times 10^{-4} \; m^3$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the tension in the string after the metal is immersed in the container of water $N$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A cylindrical rod of length 12 cm and diameter 2.0 cm will *vt+bv m;xvlrfc 8yh-)j k/;cjust barely float in wat ) -mx;/v+jvbcl; fy8 rvkh*tcer. What is its mass?

  A rectangular box of negligible mass measures 5.0 m long, 1.0 mvmzl79l3e m4 zv uls*( wide, and 0.50 m high. How many kilograms of mass can be loaded onto the bo4*z meuv(m39vsl7l zlx before it sinks in a lake?

  A $1.0 m^{3}$ object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What does the object weigh out of the water?

  An object floats with half its volume beneathzwq dr)uef)wo-8gx 8 3 the surface of the water. The weight of the displaced water is 2000 Nzu 3eq )8d8gwxwf-r)o . What is the weight of the object?

  A solid object floats in water with three-fourths of its volume beneath 5 yyrv lowx49doys4v,,* g/pbthe surface. What is the obr4dg wv4yy/ ,s5l,pbo x*9o vyject's density?

  A 200-N object floats with thr) (b vx/9g 5saab+sbraee-fourths of its volume beneath the surface of the water. What is the buoyant force on the objec/)axbs+a9s a( brvgb 5t?

  A polar bear of mass 200 kg stands on an ice floe 1 m x.xby9 :agw3:fxn2m00 cm thick. What is the minimum area of the floe that will just suppg mxnx:3ma9bf.wy x:2ort the bear in saltwater of specific gravity 1.03? The specific gravity of ice is 0.98.

  Liquid flows through a pipe of diameter 3.0 cm at 2.0 l/,sd ns*9z1sla d(1e:5yh 3 v(gwey tthzj6im/s. Find the flow rate.

  Liquid flows through 1dc2qi.vw6jc a 4.0 cm diameter pipe at 1.0 m/s. There is a 2.0 cm diameter restriction in the line. 6.v ic12jd cqw What is the velocity in this restriction?

  Water flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipo/0m(fja 5eb;6k jg( e6oyjr qe with a pressure of $3.0 \times 10^4 \; N/m^2$. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider section?

  How much pressure does it take for t + )ad/to; spueu0smrls2po0jvb+; (a pump to supply a drinking fountain with 300 kPa, if the fountain is 30.0 m above the p + )/ esor umbstloua20ts;jp( +0p;vdump?

  A hole of radius 1.0 mm occurs in the bottom of2)k )za a kfxq j.*(xhnouk 01/g7x4jx4 olsfv a water storage tank that holds water 1q.4)xk2au xkfhxs) 4(f0j xv*zjon/ 7oglka at a depth of 15 m. At what rate will water flow out of the hole?

  Water flows through a horizontal pipe of cross-se.euody:r( f,;,r swzf znq7 s:ctional area $10.0 \; cm^{2}$ at a pressure of 0.250 atm. The flow rate is $1.00 \times 10^{-3} \; m^{3}/s$. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to $5.00 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure at the valve?

  SAE No. 10 oil has a viscosity of 0.20 Pyhmo4):x g)nnn 69 foga-s. How long would it take to pour 4.0 L of oil through a funnel with a neck 15 cm long and 2.0 cm in diameter? Assume the surface of fm 4hngng y))o9o6:x nthe oil is kept 6 cm above the top of the neck, and neglect any drag effects due to the upper part of the funnel.

  Suppose that the build-up of fatty tissue on the wall of an artery decreamv4tam )ziey09l(/ q exo+f9x sed the radius by 10%. By how much would the presx/ye9)(el f9m4i o0tm xq+vzasure provided by the heart have to be increased to maintain a constant blood flow?

  Two narrow tubes are placed in a pan of water. Tube A has 01joi -vuo z0htwice the diameter of tube B. If water rises 24 cm in tube A, how high will it rise in tu00 v-oiozu jh1be B?

  The surface tension of water is 0.073 N/m. How high will water rise in a3z2xv )p;.n sozm s3 -avci0ur capillary tu x -sio 2z3rm;n v.c)zsp3a0uvbe of diameter 1.2 mm?

  232

  To what height would water at 0 degree Celsius rise in a glass capillarymiv +b*ut35z-arr3 e e tube with a 3rvzetaer+i-*3 u5mbdiameter of
0.50 mm?

  A narrow tube is placed vertically in a pan of water, and the water r 41yfz,xhx f k8faf+m.ises in the tube to 4.0 cm above the lev, 84a hmxf. fzfy+k1xfel of the pan. The surface tension in the liquid is lowered to one-half its original value by the addition of some soap. What happens to the height of the liquid column in the tube?

  Consider a rectangulakpa(omjdn8;* t; g1w:h +ivn ur frame of length 0.120 m and width 0.600 m with a soap film formed within its confined area. If : u1i(and;kvw *o jn p8h+g;mtthe surface tension of soapy water is 0.0260 N/m, how much force does the soap film exert on the 0.600 m side?

  An adjustable rectangular frame has length 12 cm and wih55gb kh*of 7ldth 5 cm, and is built in such a way that one of the longer sides can be moved without bursting the soap film contained in the l55 k *ohfgbh7frame. Soapy water has surface tension 0.026 N/m. How much work is required to move the adjustable long side so that the frame is 12 cm square?