Mary (M) sits on the top of the Eastern side of theif wvy+1zb:l(lr3nj(k or0,f Grand Canyon. Below her stands Peter (P), at the bottom of the canyon. It is known that the depth of the Grand Canyon is 1850 meters at this point. Nathan (N) stands on the Western side of the bottom of the Canyon, with a disyj ir(lk:1f3n(r zo0 +lb,vfw tance of 2.5 km to Peter.


1.Write down the depth of the Grand Canyon, MP, in kilometers.MP=  km
2.On the diagram, label the angle of elevation from N to M with an x.
3.Find the size of the angle of elevation from N to M.  $^{\circ}$
4.Find MN, the distance in kilometers between Mary and Nathan.  km

  A ladder 3.7 m long leans agai c w6jw0c.jjs(nst a vertical wall. The distance from the top of the ladder to the ground is 3.1csww(j 06jjc. m.


1.Represent this information on a diagram in the space provided above. Show the ground, the ladder and the wall as the labelled line segments.
2.Find the distance from the bottom of the ladder to the wall.  m
3.Write down the acute angle made by the ladder with the wall.  $^{\circ}$

  The diagram below shows ahih-twecr:isw7wh 6w e+pq9702 bpp 9 triangle ABC. The size of angle $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{M}}\mathrm{C}$ is $150^{\circ}$, where M is the midpoint of AB. MBC is an isosceles triangle, with MC = MB = 4 cm.

1.Write down the length of AM.  cm
2.Find the size of angle $\textrm{C}\hat{\textrm{M}}\textrm{B}$.  $^{\circ}$
3.Find the size of angle $\textrm{A}\hat{\textrm{B}}\textrm{C}$.  $^{\circ}$
4.Find the length of CB.  cm

  A lawn sprinkler watering a garden sprays at +vcq rr:+46ckwxcx 8z an arc of $140^{\circ}$ with a maximum spray distance of 3.5 metres, as shown in the diagram below.

1.Calculate the area of lawn that is watered by the sprinkler.  $m^2$
2.Calculate the length of the outer arc, where the maximum spray
distance lands.  m

  In a school playground, the grass is watered by tc.wva n (;3mpnpp;9g lawn sprinklers that are set to spray a9wp.;tgcn3 amv (ppn; t an arc of $220^{\circ}$ with a maximum spray distance of 55 metres, as shown in the diagram below.


1.Calculate the area of grass that is watered by this sprinkler.  $m^2$
2.Calculate the length of the sprinkler arc edge, where the maximum
spray distance lands.  m

  A windscreen wiper blade has a length bm 7 z0f2dg*cjof 0.45 m. When it's raining and the blade is in motion, it moves through an arc angle jb 0zc*g72 dfmof $\dfrac {3\pi} 4$ radians.


1.Determine the area of the windscreen wiped by the blade.  $m^2$
2.Determine the arc length travelled by the outer edge of the blade.  m

  There are two traffic lights ox1i .y9a vbp2 xkuk*c(n a road below a 120 m high skyscraper. From the top of the skyscraper, the traffic lights ckx(c a9bu*p y1xvi 2.kan be seen at angles of depression of $35^{\circ}$ and $65^{\circ}$ on each side of the skyscraper, as illustrated in the diagram below.


Find the distance between the two traffic lights, correct to the nearest whole metre.  m

  A triangular plot of farming land is shown9 9sqr a9cdk,n in the diagram below. The longest side is 120120 m, with the two adjoining angles to this lenskd 9qr9c,n a9gth being $35^{\circ}$ and $25^{\circ}$.


1.Find the lengths of two other sides of this plot of land.a$\approx$  m,b$\approx$  m
2.Find the area of the plot of farming land.  $m^2$

  A national park is in the form of a triangle, ABC, as shown in the2aencg7u y88u following diagram. Side length AB is 49 km and side uag82e yuc87 nlength BC is 66 km. Angle $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{B}}\mathrm{C}$ is $58^{\circ}$.


1.Calculate the side length AC in km.  km
2.Calculate the area of the park.  $km^2$

  John is building furniture us2 an77thce:y nu7w5z sing cylindrical logs of length 1.8 m and radius 9.2 cm. A wedge is cut from one yscn7n:utz7aw he 572log and the cross-section of this log is illustrated in the following diagram.


1.Find the length of the wedge arc, ABC.  cm
2.Find the area of the empty sector, OABC.  $cm^2$
3.Find the volume of each log.  $cm^3$

  A farmer has a field in the form of a trian4egqip4v4zd7hf 6ogabi5 59g gle, ABC, as shown in the following diagra6eb45zgp7 4945giogqifadh vm. Side length AB is 150 m and side length BC is 200 m. Angle $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{B}}\mathrm{C}$ is $62^{\circ}$.


1.Calculate the side length AC.  m
2.Calculate the area of the field, rounding your answer to the nearest square meter.  $m^2$

  During a hiking trip, Jim stopped and checked his compass for directions. The og1alozn:o.c 7 ahr29compass has a circular face with centre at O and the diameter of 2.nco:azo 1 79hraglo 20 cm. The needle of the compass is at an angle of $\theta$ to the East of North, covering an arc length of $l$, as illustrated in the diagram below.

1.Determine the circumference of the face of the compass.  cm
2.Using the diagram, write down the size of the angle $\theta$ in degrees.  $^{\circ}$
3.Calculate the arc length, $l$.  cm
4.Calculate the total area of the shaded sectors on the diagram.  $cm^2$

  A rotating sprinkler waters part of a lawn, shown as the shav3/rm vzje 4)1rh(d69+o a jh)uncc eaded area in the diagram below. The sprinklervd1h4 (c9a/)mnzvejah )erc6ujr+3o covers a distance of 13m, reaching a maximum distance of 17m and covering an angle of $130^{circ}$.

1.Calculate the length of the outer arc the sprinkler can reach, the arc from point A to point B.  m
2.Find the area the sprinkler can cover. Give your answer to the nearest square metre.  $m^2$

  A surveillance camera records the area in front of a warehouse, shown as k b9., iyu)*i 6mkgh-h2 bvdknthe shaded area in the following diagram. The camera's field of view has a radial distance of 15m, reaching a maximum distanb9kn yhhi), vgk .ku- *6dimb2ce of 21m away from the camera, and covering an angle of $150^{\circ}$.




1.Calculate the length of the outer arc the camera can record, the arc from point A to point B.  m
2.Find the area the camera can record.  $m^2$

  Cylindrical logs of length 2.7 m and ra 9 /2y8littrobdius 7.5 cm are used to build a wooden cabin. A wedge is cut from one log and the cross-section of this log is illustrated in the following diagrat 92yit b/rl8om.


1.Convert 108 degrees into radians, leaving your answer in exact values.
2.Find the length of the missing arc ABC.  cm
3.Find the area of the missing sector ABCO.  $cm^2$
4.Find the volume of this log.  $cm^3$

  A right pyramid has apex V and square base ABCD. The vertical height ofnh 2i2fjf wf rebkjd)g 2z0 400w0u1it the pyramid, VM, is 5 cm. The sloping edges are 8 cm lour2f)j hk b2witgw0n 1fd4j2z 0 00feing.


1.Calculate the length of MC.  cm
2.Calculate the size of the angle that sloping edge VC makes with the
vertical height of the pyramid.  $^{\circ}$
3.Calculate the area of the triangle ABC.  $cm^2$

  A right pyramid has apex V and square base ABCD with the 2- l.n.mehmfh base diagonal AC=4cm. The sloping edges -mmhfhe. l2.nare 7 cm long.



1.Calculate the size of the angle that sloping edge VC makes with
the pyramid base.  ${\circ}$
2.Calculate the vertical height of the pyramid, VO.  cm
3.Calculate the volume of the pyramid.  $cm^3$

  Triangle Island is a small island located off the north-western tip ofq0fs: lo55jh g British Col5:gs jh0ql fo5umbia, Canada. Two side lengths of Triangle Island are equal to 1600 and 1800 metres and the angle between these two sides is equal to $78^{\circ}$.

1.Calculate the length of the third side of Triangle island.  m
2.Find the area of a Triangle Island in $m^2$. Give your answer in the form $a\times 10^k$, where $1 \leq a < 10$ and $k \in \mathbb Z$.  $\times10^6m^2$

  The quadrilateral ABCD has side lengtm-:2q,b + 3cnibbg wpmhs AB =17 cm, BC = 12cm, and CD = 11cm. The size of anglp,c3 b-2gbmnwq i+:mbe $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{D}}\mathrm{C}$ is $105{\circ}$ and the size of angle $\mathrm{C}\hat{\mathrm{A}}\mathrm{D}$ is $25^{\circ}$.


1.Find the length of AC in centimetres.  cm
2.Find the size of angle $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{B}}\mathrm{C}$.  $^{\circ}$

  The diagram below shows quadrilateral ABCD with side lengths of Ag h4b p;9mkz*jD = 12 m, DC = 7 m and kjzhgb*m49; p BC = 5 m. Angle $\mathrm{B}\hat{\mathrm{A}}\mathrm{D}=50^{\circ}$ and angle $\mathrm{B}\hat{\mathrm{C}}\mathrm{D}=100^{\circ}$.


A new line is drawn from B to D direct.
1.Calculate the length of this new line, BD.  m
2.Calculate the size of angle $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{B}}\mathrm{D}$.  $^{\circ}$

  Cylindrical logs of length 2.2 m and radius 7.6 cm are used to construct a:ghmjrf*klw 06 8p-a x fence line. Part of the logs are removed, as illustrate 0xarw8 fh*jg:6pk l-md in the diagram below.

Find the volume of each log.  $cm^3$

  Consider the analogue clock below. The clock has a diameter oylcl7gyi 0rc :p sx( djz9c27s:nz.*cf 30 cm and is shaded betwe2:y r0s: l7 dclcy( zj7gnz*sxc.cip9en 1 and 6.


1.Find the length of the arc between 1 and 6, rounded to the nearest cm.  cm
2.Find the area of the sector between 1 and 6, rounded to the nearest
integer.  $cm^2$

  A bakery has designed a box to deliver their speciality birthday cakesb yrs*( kqqvu,z9-z y4. The box has a rectangular prism base, with a rectangular pyramid top, as illustrated inkv(-yb q4rsqz9z,y u* the diagram below with dimensions shown.
After the cake is put into the box, the outside of the box is completely wrapped in colourful gift paper.

Point O shown on the diagram is the midpoint of the base of the pyramid.
1.Find the value of a shown in the diagram; the slant height of one of the pyramid faces.  cm
2.Find the total outer surface area of the box to be wrapped in gift paper.  $cm^2$

  Joe creates a small baseball field in his backyard to play with hicfxdt;1 via; )s children. The field is covered by grass in the shape of a sector of a circle with radius 8 metres, ava)tc;x 1df i;s shown in the following diagram. The angle at the centre of the sector is $\theta^{\circ}$


A total of $48 m^2$ of grass was used to cover the field.
1.Find the value of $\theta$.  $^{\circ}$
Joe asks his son, Lancer, to run around the field twice to warm up before playing a game.
1.Find the total distance that Lancer runs.d=  m

  Kindergarten students are creatin1(7poi x))fqy4y.rz ao5vfz lg cone-shaped birthday hats from pieces of colorful paper circles. The first step is to cut out a sector of the paper, as illustrated by sector OABC in the diagram below. The paper circles have centre oyx(qp))7zv a1.4i fryl zfo5O and . The length of arc ABC is $4\pi$ cm and angle $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{O}}\mathrm{C}= \dfrac {2\pi} 7$

1.Find the radius of the paper circles, r.  cm
2.Find the area of the sector the students cut out, OABC.  $cm^2$

  A right pyramid has apex V and squ0b ) j)oqry3quare base ABCD, with AB = 3 cm. The vertical height of the pyramid, VM, is 12 q ub0jyq 3)or)cm.


1.Calculate the length of VA.  cm
2.Calculate the volume of the pyramid.  $cm^3$

  The sides of a triangle ABC have the m;n2pc ock4;lfollowing lengths AB = 40 mm, BC = 30 mm, and C; cck2ponl4m;A = 55 mm.



1.Calculate the size of the angle $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{B}}\mathrm{C}$.  $^{\circ}$
2.Calculate the area of the triangle ABC.  $mm^2$
A point D is located outside of the triangle, such that angle $\mathrm{D}\hat{\mathrm{A}}\mathrm{B}$ is $80^{\circ}$ and angle $\mathrm{D}\hat{\mathrm{B}}\mathrm{A}$ is $10^{\circ}$.
3.Show that the angle $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{D}}\mathrm{B}$ is $90^{\circ}$.  $^{\circ}$
4.Find the distances AD and BD.  mm
5.Find the shortest path which starts at point B and passes through all points A, C, D (in any order).  mm

  Two hot air balloons, located at points A and B, flo(z;tsf4t +z -ea lf6tori;hf6 at in the sky 50 m apart from each other on the same height above a flat (horizontal) ground. Two straight ropes, AP and BP, are af- tl6f i6tzrs;ah;4+t oe zf(ttached to the same point, P, on the ground. The length of AP is
36m and angle $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{B}}\mathrm{P}$ is $45^{\circ}$.


1.On the diagram, draw and label with an $\alpha$ the angle of elevation of A Angle APB is acute.
2.Find the size of angle $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{P}}\mathrm{B}$.  $^{\circ}$
3.Find the size of the angle of elevation of A from P.  $^{\circ}$

  A plot of farmland is shown by the shaded region in th kj+hzvy,y-;h 0h es*b.ux7dr3qf3pqe diagram below. The plot has a curved border which can be described as an arc uh,bxh-*7q; eh3.y+3svrd 0fq kyzpj, PQ, of a circle with centre O and radius,$r=500m$, such that $PÔQ =80^{\circ}$ The straight border of the farmland is defined by the chord PQ.


The farm owner wishes to construct a fence along the curved border of the plot.
1.Find the length of the fence to be built.  m
2.Find the area of the farmland, rounding your answer to the nearest $m^2$.  $m^2$

  A large triangular garden, ABC, is shown in the n--y*c kk 71dj wwjobg*b/6ex diagram below. A walking path passes through the g7wbxnd1g jyjbkc*6*e/--ow k arden at point D and leaves at point E, such that DE is parallel to the garden boundary BC.


Triangles ABC and ADE are found to be similar (same shape, but side lengths can vary). Angles $AD̂E = AB̂C =\theta$ and $AÊD = AĈB =\alpha$.
1.Find the value of
1.x.  m
2.y.  m
2.Find the value of
1.$\alpha$.  $^{\circ}$
2.$\theta$  $^{\circ}$
3.$\gamma$  $^{\circ}$
3.Find the area of the triangle ABC, rounding your answer to the nearest $m^2$.  $m^2$

  Two concentric circles with centre O are shown in the diagram below. Thp7n 3mjv4l jza f/qmbr2w11+ ge radius of the smaller circle is 5 cm and the radius of the larger circle is 7 cm. Points A and B l3rqvfwlg4+j a2mz 1n/1pm7b j ie on the circumference of the larger circle such that angle $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{O}}\mathrm{B}$ is $\frac {\pi}{5}$ radians.


1.Find the length of the short arc AB.  cm
2.Find the area of the shaded region.  $cm^2$

  In a triangle ABC,AB=3 cm,BC=5 5+4owi inr3nt cm and $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{C}}\mathrm{B} = \dfrac{\pi}{6}A$.
1.Find, to three significant figures, the two possible lengths of [AC].  cm   cm
2.Find the difference between the areas of the two possible triangles ABC.  $cm^2$

  In a triangle ABC,AB=12 cm and AC=15 cm. The area ofexvl7eyg9cym5i8,. b the triangle is $80cm^2$.
1.Find the two possible values for angle BÂC.  $^{\circ}$,  $^{\circ}$
2.Given that BÂC is obtuse, find the length of side BC.  cm

  A triangle ABC has side lengths a = 10.2 cm, in 9729gco/.3oq4h xafher j ; ltewi4b= 17.5 cm and an area of $32 cm^2$. Find the largest possible perimeter of triangle ABC.$P{_\Delta ABC}$=  CM

  A toy house has a roof in the shape of a right-anib2r985y jmp ,d u2nxzgled isosceles triangle, ABC.AB = 6u5 9iz prm282ybn,x dj cm and angle $\textrm{A}\hat{\textrm{C}}\textrm{B}=90^{\circ}$.


1.Find the length of AC.  cm
2.Calculate the area of triangle ABC.  $cm^2$
The garage of the toy house also has a roof in the shape of right-angled triangle, LMN. , angle $\textrm{L}\hat{\textrm{M}}\textrm{N}=56^{\circ}$ and angle $\textrm{N}\hat{\textrm{L}}\textrm{M}=90^{\circ}$.
3.Calculate the length of MN.  cm

  From a sailboat moored at sea, the angle of elevatiok+2 t ep7ymps (a-q8fp 8swa)dn to the top of a 20 m high cliff iw-)spy (m8fa 2t+ kpd ap8sqe7s $22^{\circ}$. On the cliff top there is a coconut tree. The angle of elevation to the coconut tree is $29^{\circ}$.
1.Draw a diagram representing the situation.
2.Find the height of the coconut tree.  m

  The quadrilateral ABCD shown below represents a spakkb: ax:3jsp; fd6op (c0 r5yorts complex, where AB = 210 m, BC = 9pxfd56:oa:kkb j( ryca;ps 30 0 m and CD = 130 m. Angle $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{B}}\mathrm{C}$ is $70^{\circ}$ and angle $\mathrm{C}\hat{\mathrm{D}}\mathrm{A} is $105^{\circ}$.


A straight path through the sports complex joins points A and C.
1.Find the length of the path AC.  m
2.Show that the angle $\mathrm{D}\hat{\mathrm{A}}\mathrm{C}$ is $39.4^{\circ}$ , correct to three significant figures.  $^{\circ}$
3.Find the area of the sports complex.  $m^2$

A new path, DE, is to be built such that E is the point on AC closest to D.

4.Find the length of the path DE.  m

The section of the sports complex represented by triangle CDE will be an outdoor running track. A track will be marked along the sides of this section.

5.Calculate the total length of the track.  m

  The quadrilateral ABCD is shown below, where AB = 56ma 6.q)4qyd gxu, AD =122 m, CD =40 m, and qqag) uy6d.4 xthe angles $\mathrm{B}\hat{\mathrm{A}}\mathrm{D}$ and $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{D}}\mathrm{C}$ are $68^{\circ}$ and $80^{\circ}$ respectively.


1.Find the length of line AC.  m
2.Find the area of triangle ACD.  $m^2$
3.Find the angle $\mathrm{D}\hat{\mathrm{A}}\mathrm{C}$. Give your answer in degrees correct to one
decimal place.  $^{\circ}$
4.Find the shortest distance between point B and the line AC.  m
5.Find the length of the perimeter of triangle ABC.  m

  A flagpole stands at the ic0 4(okn+xz/. y7xrh kd+srntop of a building. The angle of elevation from a point on the ground 40m/yri0 .hdn zx kx74+ n+r(ksoc from the base of the building to the bottom of the flagpole is $29^{\circ}$, and to the top of the flagpole is $31^{\circ}$.
1.Draw a diagram representing the situation.
2.Find the length of the flagpole.  m

  Consider the triangle below, which has side lengths AB = 25 cm and BC = 3ep0/) ii nzt)t5 cm. The a/ent z i0t))ipngle adjacent to these side lengths, AB̂C, is $70^{\circ}$.

1.Find the area of the triangle, rounding your answer to the nearest $cm^2$.  $cm^2$
When drawing the triangle, George measured each side length correct the nearest centimetre, and angle AB̂C correct to the nearest degree.
2.Calculate the maximum possible area of the triangle, rounding your answer to the nearest $cm^2$.  $cm^2$

  The angle of depression from a lookout at the top of a lighthouse (A) down to aq d-2udqt .y 0y+g;uwp boa2qu gwpuy+dq0. d y-;tt located at point C is $30^{\circ}$.
The boat travels towards the lighthouse and after 1 minute has travelled a distance of 50 m and is now located at point B. The angle of elevation from the boat at B up to the lighthouse lookout is $60^{\circ}$.


1.Write down the value of $x^{\circ}$ in the diagram.  $^{\circ}$
2.Find the height of the lighthouse.  m
3.Find the speed of the boat, in metres per second, from C to B.  $ms^{-1}$

  Melody is camping with her fryk)ut)94 m ycyffw dh7r2n 9u,iends in a forest. After setting up the tent, she goes for a walk to see the nearby surroundings. She walksfcfkuh72u mwnt4 y 9y,)rd9 )y 200 m on a bearing of $280^{\circ}$, changes direction, then walks another 150 m on a bearing of $035^{\circ}$.
1.Find the distance Melody is from the tent at this point.  m
2.Determine the bearing Melody should walk on to return to the tent.  $^{\circ}$

  On a trip to Morocco x b 9zcbf0pgxu4ski(7k- r(2r, a group of tourists experience a horse trek through the Saharan desert. They start from a horse farm, movinxrbigx(7r-049 upb kz sc 2fk(g on a bearing of $075^{\circ}$ for 3.2km to reach an oasis. After taking a rest there, they take another ride on a bearing of $210^{\circ}$ for 2.1km to visit the Draa valley.
1.Find the distance that they need to cover to get back to the farm.  km
2.Determine the bearing they should ride on to get back to the farm.  $^{\circ}$

  Consider a triangle with sidesAB=10 mm and AC=8 mm. Given that the area of the t4 uz syo*(f)ltriangzyt*us(4)ol fle is $24 mm^2$, find the possible values for the length of side BC.BC$\approx$  mm and  mm

  Daniela (D) stands near the window on the second floor of the six-story a(b)o 4:k enp5soyjfw9 uk4*wupartment building and can see Andrea (A), who is 14 m from the base of the building. The angle of depression from Daniekkfw u4:)* (yj5b9so4n oupewla to Andrea is $20^{\circ}$.


1.Calculate the distance from Daniela to Andrea, AD.  m
Clara (C) is standing at the window of the sixth floor, three times higher from the ground than Daniela.
2.Calculate the angle of depression from C to A.  $^{\circ}$

  A triangular farm is shown in the diagram below. A river wyd6.;a5gawg xk :r7 mruns along the edge from A to B and the farm house is located at C, a safe distance from the river. The distance from the farm house to point A is 270 m and to poin:m g6 dwaayw.gk;x75rt B is 360 m. The angle $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{C}}\mathrm{B}$ is $130^{\circ}$.



1.Calculate the distance along the river from A to B.  m

The cost of fencing is 130130 Australian dollars (AUD) per metre.

2.alculate the total cost of fencing the whole perimeter of the farm, providing your answer to the nearest dollar.  
3.Find the sizes of angels $\mathrm{C}\hat{\mathrm{A}}\mathrm{B}$ and $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{B}}\mathrm{C}$.  $^{\circ}$
4.Calculate the area of the farm. Give your answer correct to the nearest whole square metre.  $m^2$
5.Calculate the shortest distance from the farm house to the river.  m

A tower is located at point B. The angle of elevation to the top of the tower, H, from point C is measured to be $1^{\circ}$.

6.Calculate the vertical height, BH, of the tower, correct to the nearest centimetre.  m
7.Calculate the distance between the top of the tower, H, to point A.  m

  In the shaded region shown below, the radius of the smallerhzln-,xi (+:*wbh q qs arc is 66 cm and the distance between the two arcs is 4 nbxh(-*hws,q+lq :iz4 cm.

1.Find the perimeter of the shaded region.  cm
2.Find the area of the shaded region.  $cm^2$

  Consider the shape srg e9v5-38-fndbio kyhown below (shaded region). The radius of the longer arc is 12 cm and the distance be-yrf9o giv8b e5d 3-kntween the arcs is 3 cm.


1.Find the perimeter of the shape.  cm
2.Find the area of the shape.  $cm^2$

  ABC is a triangle of area9 t5efhm :m5gji1lbdewc74 q 9.sa8c l $32 cm^2$ . The sides AB and BC have lengths 7 cm and 12 cm respectively. Find the two possible lengths of the side AC, giving your answers correct to 3 significant figures.AC$\approx$  cm and   cm

  Paper party cups in the shape of a cone arek rjudlo/d*9-o hg5 k0 formed from a sector of paper material. The diagram below left shows the finished pap- /dgjou hr9l0 kd*ok5er cup. The diagram below right shows the original paper sector used to create the cup. When the cones are formed, the straight edges of the sector join without any overlap.


1.Find the slant height of the cups, L.  cm
2.Find the arc length of the sector.  cm
3.Find the angle $\theta$ in radians.  radians

  BT represents the height of a skyscraper, with its base at B and top at l*(f: vxh(;quapkr++ (sklt yT. Jack has an apartment on the 32nd floor at C, three :+h(pqux((rfstkvy* k+ l ;alfifths of the way to the top of the building.


From a point A, on horizontal ground 200 m from B, the angle of elevation to C is $38^{\circ}$.
1.Calculate BC, the height of Jack's apartment above the ground.  m
2.Calculate the angle of depression from T to A.  $^{\circ}$

  A lawn sprinkler is setup in the corner of a rectangular lawn which is .m 3x-tm(pb*ed3ghx n- *ftykenclosed by a fence. The sprinkler has a maximum spr*(pt3he- dmx .tx3bfk-m* ygnay distance of 5 m. The lawn has side lengths 4 m and 10 m. This situation is illustrated in the diagram below, where the sprinkler is positioned in the top right corner.


1.Find the angle $\alpha$ in the diagram, leaving your answer in degrees.$\alpha$=  $^{\circ}$
2.Find the area of grass that is currently being watered by the sprinkler
in this position.  $m^2$

  A motion sensing security light is installed in the corner of a:u )hk-4ddpus front garden. The kudh s:)4udp-sensor can detect any movement up to 7 meters. The garden has boundaries of two 12 m long parallel walls, and the house facade and a wooden fence which are 66 m long. This creates to a rectangular area as shown in the follow diagram, where the motion light is positioned in the top right corner.


1.Find the angle \alphaα in the diagram, leaving your answer in degrees.  $^{\circ}$
2.Find the area of the front garden that is currently being monitored by the motion sensing system.  $m^2$

  Bus-1 and Bus-2 leave a terminal, T, at the same time. Bus-1 t 3)ai/jhgtfir-6w y * yyt:as0ravels 65 km on a true beari63hyrtty iia*/a0j: yw- s f)gng of $140^{\circ}$ to point U, then a further 40 km on a true bearing $235^{\circ}$ to point V. Bus-2 travels directly from the terminal to point V.


1.Find the distance, d, travelled by Bus-2.  km
2.Find the true bearing on which Bus-2 travels.  $^{\circ}$

Bus-1 averages a speed of 55 km/h and Bus-2 averages a speed of 36 km/h

3.Determine which bus arrives at point V first. Justify your answer. ----待选择----Bus-1Bus-2 

  A camping tent in the shape of a cone is constructed from a large civ fw(oely 1b79,jyi 3)p: fblhrcular sheet of polyester with a sector cut out, as illustrated in the dial7p 9yw (,yv)if1f:oj b 3blhegram below. The circular polyester sheet has a centre O and radius rr. The area of sector cut-out, OABC, is $\piπ m^2$ and the length of the arc ABC is $\dfrac {2\pi} 3m$.

1.Determine the slant height of the tent, r.  m
2.Determine the angle of the sector OABC,$\theta$, leaving your answer in radians with exact values.

  The side lengths of a quadrqz :7oosq-s5um.y 4evm (5c4x hs x(grilateral ABCD are AB =6 mm, BC =5 mm, CD =8 mm, and DA = 9 mm. The anglee 4:(zm(uxsv c7rs hygs.5q-o4q5 xom $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{B}}\mathrm{C}$ is equal to $90^{\circ}$.


1.Calculate the length of AC.  mm
2.Calculate the size of angle $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{D}}\mathrm{C}$.  $^{\circ}$
3.Calculate the area of triangle ACD.  $mm^2$
4.Calculate the area of quadrilateral ABCD.  $mm^2$

A point P is chosen on the side CD in a such a way that the area of triangle ACP is equal to the area of the triangle ABC.

5.Calculate the length of CP.  mm
6.Calculate the length of AP.  mm

  A picnic area is shaped like a quadrilater lmd5kr)3em4lal, ABCD, where AB = 10 m andCD = 17.5 m. Three of tkdre m53)ll4m he internal angles have been measured; angle $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{D}}\mathrm{C}=51^{\circ}$, angle $\mathrm{C}\hat{\mathrm{A}}\mathrm{D}=70^{\circ}$ and angle $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{C}}\mathrm{B}= 42^{\circ}$. This information is represented in the following diagram.



1.Calculate the distance AC.  m
2.Calculate the angle $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{B}}\mathrm{C}$.  $^{\circ}$

There is a lamp post at A, perpendicular to the ground. The angle of elevation to the top of the lamp post from B is $32^{\circ}$.

3.Calculate the height of the lamp post.  m

Patrick's family is having a barbecue party on the picnic area. The family brings a 1.5 litre bottle of lemonade and cone-shaped paper cups.
Each cup has a vertical height of 88 cm and the top of the cup has a diameter of 5 cm.

4.Calculate the volume of one paper cup.  $cm^3$
5.Calculate the maximum number of cups that can be completely filled with the 1.5 litre bottle of lemonade.  completely filled cups

  The diagram below shows a triangular backyard AB.gs k0c*j;yex C. A dog is on a leash attached to a pole at point A. The length of the leashjx.ygk 0es* ;c is 10 metres.

1.Find the area of the backyard that the dog cannot reach.  $m^2$

The owner of the dog estimates that the area the dog cannot reach is $50 m^2$.

2.Calculate the percentage error in the dog owner's estimate.  %

  Two drones are being flown in a park. Drone A starts at point P and travfp6 fj-q d+z0c74sect0+ xfptels towards-tj0e+6q7z 4fft+p0dxfccsp point Q in a straight line on a true bearing of $115^{\circ}$ at a speed of $2.5ms^{-1}$. The distance from P to Q is 800m.
Drone B starts at point Q and travels towards point R in a straight line on a true bearing of $215^{\circ}$ at a speed of $7.5ms^{-1}$ .
These two paths are shown on the diagram below.



1.Find the acute angle $\mathrm{P}\hat{\mathrm{Q}}\mathrm{R}$.  $^{\circ}$
2.Find the distance between Drone A and Drone B after 4 minutes, rounding your answer to the nearest metre.  m

  Consider the analogue clock below, w)r;2b5( nvvlx 0vyzs which has a circular face with centre at point O. The minute hand of the clocvbs( ryx0 vn)2w5zl;vk, OP, has a length of 12 cm and the hour hand, OQ, has a length of 10 cm.


In Figure:1 the time on the clock is 7:00,pm.
1.For Figure: 1, find
1.the size of the reflex angle,$\mathrm{P}\hat{\mathrm{O}}\mathrm{Q}$. , in degrees.  $^{\circ}$
2.the distance between the ends of the hour and minute hands.  cm

In Figure: 2, the time is now 7:18pm, and as such, the end point of the minute hand has rotated through an angle,$\theta$, covering an arc length of $l$.

2.For figure: 2, find
1.the size of the angle $\theta$ in degrees.  $^{\circ}$
2.the arc length $l$.  cm
3.the area of the shaded sector.  $cm^2$

Another circular analogue clock, shown below, has a face radius of 14 cm, and minute and hour hands of length 14 cm. The current time shown on the clock is 6:00\,pm. The bottom of the clock face is 4cm above the base of the frame holding the clock.


The height, hh, of the end point of the minute hand above the base of the frame is modelled by the function
$h(\theta)=14\cos \theta + 18h$
where $\theta$ is the angle rotated by the minute hand after 6:00pm.

3.Find the value of h when $\theta =170^{\circ}$.  cm

The height, gg, of the end point of the hour hand above the base of the frame is modelled by the function

$g(\theta)=-14 \cos (\frac{\theta}{12}) + 18$

where $\theta$ is the angle rotated by the minute hand after 6:00pm.
The end points of the minute and hour hands have the same height from the base of the frame for the first time when $\theta=k$.

4.Find the value of k.  $^{\circ}$

  An airplane leaves Doha airport bound for Paris Charles de Gaulle airpo f)e k,7*mmeig/tnou -rt. There are lights located at the end of themm 7,egi*f)ektun -/o runway at points A(0, 4) and B(6, 8), relative to a terminal at the origin. The takeoff path of the airplane is the perpendicular bisector of line AB.

1.Find the equation of the takeoff path in the form $ax + by + d = 0$, where $a, b, d \in \mathbb{Z}$.

The airplane travels at an average speed of $570km\:hr^{-1}$ in a straight line. Once the airplane has reached cruising altitutde, an air traffic controller at the top of a 200m high air traffic control tower at C(7,0) observes that the angle of elevation to the airplane is $40^{\circ}$. Five minutes later, the controller observes that the angle of elevation is $10^{\circ}$.

2.Find the cruising altitude of the airplane in metres.  m

As the airplane is about to land at the Paris Charles de Gaulle airport, the pilot is asked to delay the landing due to a traffic issue. The pilot is instructed to turn the airplane on a bearing of $045^{\circ}$ for 10km until reaching point P, then travel on a bearing of $165^{\circ}$ for 30km to point Q before flying back to the original point O for landing.

3.Find the angle OP̂Q.  $^{\circ}$
4.Find the shortest distance from Q back to O for landing.  km
5.Find the bearing the airplane must travel on to get back to O from Q.  $^{\circ}$

  The temperature in New wkd3- xl ns(1sYork ranges from $-4^{\circ}C$ to $22^{\circ}C$ throughout the course of a year. The temperature, T, can be modelled by the function
$T(t) = -a\cos(bt)+d$,
Where t is time measured in months from the beginning of the year, and a, b and $d \in \mathbb{Z}^{+}$.

1.Show that
1.a=13;
2.b=30;
3.d=9.
2.Sketch the function T(t) for $0 \leq t \leq 12$, clearly labelling the coordinates of the maximum and minimum points.
3.Find the temperature when t=4.  $^{\circ}C$
4. 1.Determine the number of months in a year that the temperature is above $9^{\circ}C$.
2.Find the probability that on a randomly chosen day of the year, the temperature is above $9^{\circ}C$.
5.If the temperature in New York ranged from $-7^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ instead of $-4^{\circ}C$ to $22^{\circ}C$, describe how this would affect the probability found in (d) part (ii).

  A large plot of land0p l lxf;-/kto)6d dug is shaped like a trapezoid, ABCD, where AB is parallel to CD, AB = 12 km and CD =8 km. The diagonal BD of the trapezoid is equal to 10 km. The internal angle 0od/xd;-6 ugll kptf) $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{B}}\mathrm{D}$ is equal to $58^{\circ}$.

Let a new point, H, be a point on AB closest to D.

1.Calculate the distance from H to D.  km
2.Calculate the length of AD.  km
3.Calculate the size of the angle $\mathrm{D}\hat{\mathrm{A}}\mathrm{B}$.  $^{\circ}$

A landowner estimates that the length of AD is equal to 11.5 km.

4.Calculate the percentage error in the landowner's estimate.  %

The landowner decides to install cone-shaped concrete bollards along the perimeter of the plot of land. The bollards are to be installed at a distance of 100 m from each other. The radius of the base of each bollard is 20 cm and the height of each bollard is 40 cm.

5.Calculate the volume of one of the bollards.  $cm^3$
6.Calculate the total volume of concrete needed to install all the bollards.  $cm^3$

  The quadrilateral ABCD representssr0;0 q(zldj; uce 1ka a recreational park, where AB =250 m, BC =110 m and CD =130 k ea; 1(cul;jrq0s0zdm. Angle $\mathrm{A}\hat{\mathrm{B}}\mathrm{C}$ is $80^{\circ}$ and angle $\mathrm{C}\hat{\mathrm{D}}\mathrm{A}$ is $115^{\circ}$. This information is shown in the following diagram.


A straight path through the park joins the points A and C.

1.Find the length of the path AC.  m
2.Show that the angle $\mathrm{D}\hat{\mathrm{A}}\mathrm{C}$ is $27.5^{\circ}$, correct to three significant figures.  $^{\circ}$
3.Find the total area of the recreational park.  $m^2$

A new path, DE, is to be built such that E is the point on AC closest to D.

4.Find the length of the path DE.  m

The section of the park represented by triangle CDE will be used for a school cross country carnival. A track will be marked along the sides of this section.

5.Calculate the total length of the track CDE.  m

  The diagram below shows a triangular parkupc8xjak+1 l,39np mb ABC. Alice is in the park with her dog. She stops at the corner B of the par kmppj1+x9luca 3 ,bn8k to make a phone call. The dog's leash is 12 metres long.


1.Find the area of the park that the dog cannot reach when attached to its leash.  $m^2$
2.Determine the percentage of total park area that the dog can reach while attached to its leash  %

  On the diagram below, points X and Y are the f:e 5f(96efih ca (kmzcentres of two circles containing the two arcs from A to i 9ha zee:5f mf(kf6(cB.

1.Find the length from point A to point Y.  mm
2.Find the perimeter of the shaded region.  mm
3.Find the area of the shaded region.  $mm^2$