Which term describes the splitting of water molecutg ;9gues47l:te. hh m3; owtlles in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxyge ;eetw o3l ug.9;t7sml4 :thhgn molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in t *3 mqb2l8*dbvdqo2p9 j al/tcarbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows anlcu3 x-qbc 5wx+ro16a experiment investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a + 13caurlcb xwq5xo- 6constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent hj xw0k4/t(dp?

  The Hill reaction shows electron tranf ,vg8t gv:dtdfj u;f +h+**7i2 0slinwh d,phsfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final ellu*hpsd8nfhh+0 g vtff i27:w,d ;dit v,j+*gectron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplas n,br*aupz6q6 t in a leaf.Which of the following structures are found*q pun66ar z,b in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosync vruixi 3o3.4 r9viuta e-))ithesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of liixz)c0 d o.kn6ght intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following procese73bpwgdh3,x7si r i(ses occur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correcdzxv.h5blx5a yp .8w6tly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell re .a l5zhw 6yd5.p8bvxxspiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplm4y/aa8x/pv5hf lwo 1ant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-kic t a-+z;pya+ *fyaft 0aj46dependent reactions for photofakif j ya+czat+0-t 46ya*;psynthesis?

  Which of the followiw6 0cn3y+ cfdcng correctly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is-,io77zglgtlbg,y2 zfvcbmq1 3 z e2+ occurring in this light-independent reaction of photosynthesisblco273,f-tizlg1 gy emb +z2qz7g v,?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in h(ra8 tuthn 6la/76;*ltku ptthe production of reduced NADP and ATP?*lkat76t r a;/l6h8n p ut(uth

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments using ooco)u3 .uq .4h 4 4 y.abkrq7zabjgg8the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the solven qkz ajo b4u)bh.8.4ogy3. a7u4crgqot propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate chang9v ,kv3jzjml*+; t ozle on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical 3k+ov;jl tj *,vzl9 zmflasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range4gku+082 ( al tgkht-;scmofw of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for pltcogw(ma;tu 08h g sfk-4k+2 hotosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are producediwlcm)kl)zg0 9(ip bk o8l)u 3 in the presence of lightc9(8 kzlpkg) uilm3w0)) iolb.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membra)(o imjm*5 ed;*kc2s o4mhvy,ar.li xne in the light-depend)mal 2cs4j r.hyk,o i;i*m *eod vmx(5ent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited et(s,h)e bh/-5baxgb qc; b7x ylectrons are transferred from ,s;hx(q/ c 7y)bbhxtb5ab-egphotosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chlorop4 ,y8ptfz+0)7 vap) gj)ikb:wxe gjiklast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxyl,gxaw:ikg7j4teyv ) ) pfp08iz kb)j +ation?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent +n6/ 2 qxtj(5 o 8uq-vy oihryzoka8s(and light-independent reactionr/ y68( kou5yo-xih8ojq as+vq(t z2ns?

  Thin-layer chromatoga +vx3eade cp,u20r9 craphy can be used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values3xv+e c2u ,0 crpaad9e are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chloro-ih)d,5p fmkd0.a98me 3vc pptyom( gplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosynthb 2*3smf9garbesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-cataz eo1 bdqd 3)t;8ql2bylysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predico 9m/ tkn3 um,czv58hrt future rates of photosynthesis andz m83r,n/vhcm ko5t9u plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosxlrj(w 1,c5t-b x tye-ystem II, and what form is it f1-5 xtywx lej -,tcb(round in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calv,a r meg1w2kt3in to determg3, tme r1kwa2ine the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?