Which term describes the 6g mb+je56vfs7;gc: sm; u ynksplitting of water molecules in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen iy;g6mjfv +cs7ms: bk 5 g6;uenons and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation dut(, f9vh yz6mtring photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effeo z.)zv6m0t ipct of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the followi p)v6z. izomt0ng is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent?yg9zx6 e+i91btuwbn2

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplastsufm) zy --lu9ohw7a4r for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DC-w )ur 74yofh-aum 9lzPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a d6 3fuzlmsh 32ektqc .7nq/3hchloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structuresd mt 3/hk3hlscqz3u n6e 2.7qf are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynz i:vz 7rwyg,*ys8h t)3:r /7ereyue bthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light inten6s--( g egyzbesity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calvin cycle.h*ns 7lg m3lyq-nzj4y1t7q 6c
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correcttr+8v42xz y:dk7 mb7qle;k fyly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and4kb zvmeyk 8 +td72: lxq;y7fr aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractis1x ytoio:r qto;88,y ve houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactiond u.t eg+9mh,ekup. i0f*hae 6s for phom ke.fp0,ug+e9i .6u headth *tosynthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosyog5nrkvixq5 0co)e6 1nthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent gv) ydif8 2w s(y(wz5ureaction of photosynthe y uvsz(y5dg)i8ww (f2sis?

  Which structure of the ir7 98/q dltpcchloroplast is most involved in the production of reduced i7 8lc 9d/rqptNADP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments using the thi9nfwls33v8 4vn.najw n-layer chromatography (TLC) technique i84n anv3sl jw9 fv3n.wn the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on tha qxo*es;y(2be rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks,s(e 2b;xqoa y* each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents /oeobv 5.soy8 the correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll fb8o.y v/oseo5 or photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds;9 yv(kpxz/q 9zw g,pk are produced in the presence of l yzx kg/,;q zkppw(99vight.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proto jxzdbya iw9 9g4f.v53qm9 j ij,)p+ccn gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent react93gixm.wc d 9yfq+j b,izc9paj v )54jions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons 3 w;ggzaegu,w.zbb;(are transferred from photosystem IIgubg g;,;w ( z3awz.be to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulosepp6r7u(*9n 6heki( a ec,yhqj bisphosphate undergo carboxylat he6n,p96y7(jkeprcq a hi (*uion?

  Which products are formed at the end of th7 )acupq s95bne light-dependent and light-independent reactionbsa)cq5u p97ns?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separa*xgwa8ty hj.f4)zeg w*wjz3uqt +1/q-vmn)l te photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of )j4 yghtq*3wnuq) +fz w.e-mjz/ltawvx* 8g1pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrqd: vgfh.sx3bv8vy38i z3a.f astructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the a rgzv z8 o69i*tee; h6y7weu1sction spectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiratio*zvz;m4mrh-p :sil(xk i /wg;a8bk: hn are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment ex/ /lf r ry;uwzbkt508uperiments are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed g wbkrrt0 58u/y/fzl;ureenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in phv bd4 .gaxacf- 4mj52hotosystem II, and what form is it founbaafj d.chmx 4-v4g 25d in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop/x 0d *av8u6r.lam gkc experiment that enabled Calvin to determine tg6xuk lcr/v a0ad.8m* he order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?