Which term describes the splitting of water molecuzrmav 9 :/fgm(r6b ;rwles in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen a r:9(/vg rrmf;mb6z wions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in cay 38u08opqepi rbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment inve wczxl,)eeo:,.zt9 ctstigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Whiz9, xo.,)cztwet:e lcch of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represen7vrpk,+q9 j-qn qwcc01m4r,mum yne/ t?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer inup2 /b1bs:p bl isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosyntb/bpu l s:1bp2hesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the m,e5vfpo/:k1tl *t9 adpwst :following structures are found in the part of a chlo 9t*vp:lwmsapte,: 5k1oft/droplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different tei i0;xds+f:o hmperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.v qg:b,d: r,u(k wzcw 1g9hp1t

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occul q -knsof+a:)r in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemi 0 t/axzfi mt7/,4jezbosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell rxemz0, /7jbftz/i4taespiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with red leavjza)b1 nd4ur)y z 0fg*-c9pbs es.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-depetc qg0(bo25cg5bw 4l+yiveg/ ndent reactions for photosyn5 5/wbc( lggigcyto2 4+bve 0qthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesisu09w+2mzs 22v0hi mp/ nmre qa or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this1 fbgk.,+4h t:. o t, lv8smbfftol*dt light-independent reaction of photosynthesis? t1*: m,t+dv g4,l.bltbfok.f8o ht sf

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in thkp49ufo na74pcf4r*x e production of reduced NADP and AT7fo c4*r ax94u pf4npkP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-lacq5xydwoyt7v1 ,n99 fyer chromatography (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone. w99n1y7c,t vq5y fxdo

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the0jbawt0fv3iib3bwnq2o ( +,* n* fajw impacts of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasksjn *aq i2j,f*ib(bwvbwa0 noft3 w03+, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the crxjm2 +fss7cj2xoy) :orrect range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected b:7+ xmssc 2yrxjjf o)2y chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are pn yae (n+zffaif37d4m1o4d :broduced in the presence o7n z:f4aie(fd41 ymfa n+bd3of light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generat83m+fi sq81+vzym qkk e a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photosynfmmv3+kszk1yq 8 qi8 +thesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excilwa pxo0o i,zvk906.d ocdk7-ted electrons are transferred from acz0 dk-k6dowpxo.0l,7v9 iophotosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ri29kago0bzsg7 r/ b(ebbulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylation2abg(kes 9og/ rbz 0b7?

  Which products are fro;kr tok ,8w4mk.ex:* j un6ka;)euuormed at the end of the light-dependent and light-independent rek)mka : rxnor8ukkej.*;t ue4, owu6; actions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to bs4pxv)nyf*cm cxv-7 c 3 v me)6l443lwmc9mkseparate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extractsk vy3m 4* x 6b3m4pm)c-nl49l efcxcs)mv7v wc.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below showji3;r /mjl bs +5utk m3hjx mj/nx0i:/s the ultrastructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosyntvq ine0hz6m4v6j;, tahesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactio/c.uq: v6tarbns.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are-u( /yq th3lgcvol5e5f ze)z; used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon di) / 5f3z lt(;c-eyeuzohl5qvg oxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon diogjz 9sm m2 x,+o+ua) 7xyvtu.kxide in photosystem II, and what form is it found kxz ,m+ u maxj9.+yogvu27)stin?

  What were the results obtained frc: i-hc3fq.35jzls ezom the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determihflze5c 3cs 3.qz ji-:ne the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?