Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the prewe(9 l z-zi(b5pwg1z9zn o9avsence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxyg1v5 aizwb(zz99eg9 (ow lnz-pen molecules?

  Which of the following is inv dyqtxno;6:n,/j0z xvolved in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect of temperature onhina b9 p2m:u7mjw /;s7o-canw )e:ct the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keepin-enpi2) 7j/c7bo; :aw:wat9c m sn uhmg a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? p)w1i4fu g;y 3h*erax

  The Hill reaction shows electrdw;nz7 , m:ep )khhki9on transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptw:;nh ez, khmp79idk) or. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the followza5m9cza 1u3xing structures are found in the partzma 519 auzcx3 of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthe23q: 1 jlq3(ch0tpb z cnqgb7isis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the i4xoixdhqo /l/2 i+ ffs/4:jzp2vtn2 rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in,ll k 79v pr:km-ce,blsja ,;x the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctlw6yp)s: nrdm.y shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis r .6y)spmd wn:and aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houm 7(pbgm-1wkuseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the lo) k,jp9so3k(6 oazezight-dependent reactions for photosynthke9o pso(36,)zj a zkoesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or respi/ v:u;1p ezdkd ,hicf5ration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurrip.1 sqdqi/* ixng in this light-independent reaction of photosynthesis? * dq sxi.pi1q/

  Which structure of th ,so+5 z)sgmwre chloroplast is most involved in the production of reduced NADP and ATP?ss+zg)r,w mo5

The diagram shows the separation of photosyntheh4 64 k2rqr-yzr29:crd daf uwtic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the sorw6 2rhu4c4y:radz kq- 9rdf2lvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation e e.jbg1173-rnwrofo90tn j ninto the impacts of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed 0-n 3r.ogj bn7 9e1r jon1fwteconical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represenl1ew- k99uwrkbr dtk /4ow+p0cl8 sa (ts the correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflectedl0k (krsr499k8/uc1wal ew pto+- wb d by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in the presencncuf,2 iz0 od5+lzb(gi( 0 pfce of lighfcz nd0u +ozlgi0,c(2i(b5p ft.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across theuv *bb3,f83/ q3whr1 zefofq n thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions ov frfw/1o zbqq33f * ubhe38n,f photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are transferred/pn 2wdgve:u + from 2+ up n/degvw:photosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribqnxx3z5ec. m sd jbca:( 4s-;bulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylation?bs b5 z3mj(:s-;xccxq ed. 4na

  Which products are formed at theq k3-q0t9 ztu.ppp bcz50rf p/ end of the light-dependent and light-independent react k/r0z t-p0q35.pq9cpb p ufztions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthe4lrp8,pl)6d 7 a.gg ztdiyd 7itic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to wdi7zpi,8l74 gdg apy6.d l t)rork out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the6;phi k-cr( (atmv4ql ultrastructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the ac3hm+-wej 9)al/fkuh ntion spectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respirati,2lk(eni;ghwf jax x*6 b;r*aon are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments w3+gs1denkkv 4 / x/vkare used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (3x/s1k+ng vk / 4vdewkFACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what fo tyn5/. -a22fgzznv 9oynic+nrm is it fo ozzn5n2nf9-c2ygavn i. / +ytund in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that u55e pe+* xztqr8sj3e enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthejs ex*8t 5qzpu+r35ee sis?