Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presenk);s51c xus eyce of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions andek;y xucss)15 oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is i3 2xzpu co cizt5f6,.jnvolved in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect dda wi(fa6e 5:of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant valde: d fia65aw(ue throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent?cb4 s6i:45hcldu- dbx

  The Hill reaction shows electron transt m* ,y*9qgjuq71csl/bhbg/ t u)c1ap fer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used q)acm1hcg 1t7 tq,*u/bu/ jgy*p s9lb instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the fol*x5 vzj: 0kosslowing ssj 5xs*ov:z0k tructures are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of p 1(e0pqwu lfv/hotosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on *ga +bq5 fq tl)9rcjh,j7a3py the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calvin cyck k68-gl9 zmqrle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following c4/hgcnft jfqh*)v ( lvw5luq63 qs -;voge+g 9orrectly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and a/53ef +)oqqvlsh9uhf gt-n gv6g*;w jl(q v4cerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive hou/g.d9)as/a nx ,2 djt+dh xfs0 wfqv(rseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen io /q;coh*ggr) qns in the light-dependent reactions for photoog q/h*q r;)cgsynthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or respiration? baof,aci99 (m.9)52tq iooi2 oqkiz f

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in thig ,ni:l c09;l czjb/xxs light-independent reaction of photosynthe;bc0n, zclx9 g:lij x/sis?

  Which structure of th:vl+2 4wh f4mut)e4)bmy: k,ahx kdtbe chloroplast is most involved in the production of reduced e:ha:t4wvl2)+ b mh, d uxym)4btkkf4NADP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments using the thiti1f 4tloa* h)n-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in tha)io flt1*t4h e solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate of photekab:m tyn: d1ak(.6 l/nig *mosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed con .iam* ynn d1l/(:6atkmebgk: ical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrw.xp3i,;- .sw(u :q ypfr2xmiamn g/uum represents the correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photow;ap2ru inmx-f3s u.( .w /:gi,m yxqpsynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where car)u,6 /(a c2/s 8ni dblxku 00bnzhfbdgbon compounds are produced in the presence g/nh (kfbduuas 2, x8ib)6d0zlcn0/bof light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradieowfldr08/ wc ,nt across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependew/ , focd0wr8lnt reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are cg ikoet.p8(62 ih vn95fhd.ntransferred from photosystem IIpo.5hndk(c.i figv n8692et h to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulr7q /odwo1 1u5r kfy;kose bisphosphate undergo carboxylar 5ukwrqk;/oyd17 f 1otion?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependeuoru*as/ e 9shx q/.-y91imwxnt and light-independent reactionsu/iy h9/qsux srmw oa-*x 91.e?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetic pigmentu .5 7(enwh76jcvaz4l wz+cjps. Below(7 pj.l +zcaww z4echunv 6j57 is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructlt*/ci a ;epk;ure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosynthesis. ,ok0 :br, m8cs+bdu*lk-x f.ant0voa

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respirati1f ) fg 56iwcwp*id+agon are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment expea9g ;cpw0 tef4riments are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experimecw40 pge; a9ftnts, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role *3qyo xgm d. ro*ls:r*of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it fs 3oqyr*g r:omd.* *lxound in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that engg85w48begc (: dlzzy/b* laaabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions a gz*zyc4a8b wl 8g5/g(:ldeb of photosynthesis?