Which term describes the splitting of watl4vu )b9*kp uler molecules in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and olp4)lukbv *u9 xygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during ph.e0nbjpw vz -/to*1xk-y )lfa otosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment invi7k vc. zadr/p0 w)ka:l w1)wpestigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynk/r dawz )7) l.wpp0kcwai :v1thesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? +0zsuf8vh0 8n p4j:pikjx zdl/r -7uv

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in iszi; 7*vrtjzba *w fx4imw.q)4olated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-diijmar.w t *4 fbvz*i;)xwqz47chlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast i4p3 x 7 swe.n+/y2m4bb hfctodn a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part of a chloroplhy .d e 72pm+s/xbbc4t fwno34ast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at dif72m pcg(cj*-t+ esj xfferent temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosyn3gj-g8(ttq *ev8 rrd6ov it,sthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur i2i j,/i mx.zxwn the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photv .r*o7dz0o.q : 2nn ri+ bc4yp*wwpx8 ryjka9osynthesis and aerobic cell respw : rbx k.porc9.2*dpjzq4o08*7nw i rvy+ynairation?

Coleus blumei is an attractiswmx; c :d9:peve houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions+*4gyojqol;4f zie : -gfx0cp in the light-dependent reactions for photosynthesis04ggcyl jpixf4f o: ; oq+ze*-?

  Which of the following correctl.ai9p + p eq)m3sqqz-ky describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent reaction of photo- xly nfqhp6(,m-bsu 7synxnp-,us l (hfmyqb7 -6thesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is+d v.v9 e *d1:kvfvooj most involved in the production of reduced NADP and dvd*+k1.9o:f ovve vj ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of bqsf8tb 4k * 0lq)m2pyphotosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatog*bqlt0y4 kqb28m) fspraphy (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts;we +,u;kx 3gaacmeog: .:v wy of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of a v a:ecw wkox3m+.;geu,;g:y water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct rafj (b k6ton4f+nge of wavelengths of light that are ako bjn 6+ftf4(bsorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are prd.mdo5gvzs8*k -hv,z n7gn9 hoduced in the presence of o .ddv *9 8zhhsnmgv-7zg,5nklight.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient acrossgw(g:xvg;c3kjz-a q. pt 1)uf the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesi.-zvg j:w; g1g 3(fqptxak)cus?

  What is the process that takes place before e:frkotr 8id4er on i/mm(,(uy7eu3kg-o9 o ,qxcited electrons are transferred from photosystem II to photosystemnk,- oimor/ q8rf :ig 4tek3 o(oumdu7 eyr9,( I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast o 7vsnvu+2jzof0 i4(fdoes ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylatios2unv7o4iozf v(f0j+ n?

  Which products are formed7b2 qgx;flb : gpw-1wr at the end of the light-dependent and light-independent r:xlf1gr ;gpbw72bwq - eactions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be u5:.4qo wankh w dz5qd;cc4f/ised to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in t;:fcadhk4i5nz/ co5qq w .4wdhe leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chlorl mq5+hu2/qwu oplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for phot6f6 gqpv y2a4oosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-cata c j6e.rcmd ;hh/b.5rplysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to prewnvx.(c/, p) yfyleq1dict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advant )px1elw ,qy f(c.v/ynage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is thp adbm .-p9rt 0z6swoz4f *bh5e role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it somfpz .abh5rt6pz0w* 9 -4dbfound in?

  What were the results obtai-- vy7;kvftr ined from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions y tivfkrv ;--7of photosynthesis?