Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence of ligh(,7vrjlr1jm kz e l*z2t to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen ,zz72r rk m( jl*jvl1emolecules?

  Which of the following6 fb3b60l ,uw (sbgcay is involved in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect of tisihu 7jv/7h4cpqq5 8gs2n+a emperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is pcajnqgh /vs+i 82h74uq 75i snot a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent?ssrqev0k)8zqi * o2nh9fh8u .

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolan-yy g5p ur66+hl)m4tppgs 7rted chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural fi6h un-g)4prgt5l7yr6 s ppy+mnal electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloropj) :6dk)2ch iemrk) hylast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are found yjh6)rm)dk)k e :ih2c in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynf2s+gqmj g :;)fvs.b.x* sn zxthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthx1uzhw;ema)evm /)/s)z4p eb esis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calvfcyjw 4do.a r .si7-7oc a6v2rin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctvu kl9(mu95fw ly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aero9u k5fw vm(u9lbic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplantav :i5(khsp7 c with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-9bnenh0 wwy,zib)1 x ,dependent reactions for photosynthesiewn 1,h9bb n wyi,z0x)s?

  Which of the following correctly describes p xto)b -mw2b7vhotosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurringqvj5n:u 2jv y3jm(.zw j2qkw, 6y5 dxk in this light-independent reaction of photosynthesis.kj vmq5v2k6(5j ,j:jwn xuzyqw d2y 3?

  Which structure of the chloroplast hrtm;b;8/mlr n .9lya is most involved in the production of reduced NADP aalb;h89 tmryl/n ;.m rnd ATP?

The diagram shows the separa322ex nwj7b51p8f c gzfqi*kdtion of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the solvent pqik2*wp71gb3 dcx85 j fnfz2 eropanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate of photo w8/v x8dgby:lqmc3j8 5xu;egsynthesis, pondweed was placeyg b ew8j: v xuc8qdg8lx5m/;3d in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum re )crml-my9/z -a/(s(lb yhb f7.j jhckpresents the correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed jylkz/7(.am9h / bl( my-bs)fjcc r- hand reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process wjx- hhfk 6tf 2ujn;002; vht5 vwf9 kcrt++vmfhere carbon compounds are produced in the presence of fuk f2 vnh0+trtx5k96j +0jv;v;- thwcm2hf flight.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membzv ncrq2ow2+g 0x4m1:s ks:q sirdn0,rane in the light-dependent reck:rz0 d2+0w4r1xivnss:s qo 2q gm,nactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excg/, ;ka+ir 5 prorex,00bicxtited electrons are transferred from photosystx acrgri5 t x0 ,ko0;+/ibp,reem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the cwt/4lp)+5w1yetr1edkkpf +6 5jze e chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylatioykl eze11cket4wew6 p55+/frtp j )+d n?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dey(d+7h.h9fa)xsq6 xa eci*+o txu(nk pendent and light-independent rea+9dsxq y6.x x+ (*eu(akhi)cntoa f7hctions?

  Thin-layer chromatogrlkobqm/x: vvfn).z2c fl1j0es 1 4 p0taphy can be used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the s nf l/c .s:00tvp kv)beoqmfj1l xz241eparation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the p32mg0:+au+2eb 3mrvl nzrdhuo)c,l ultrastructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photo,k, y6rtnvo;zkh. l8 gsynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enlqgtjg.m gjg.) r j357ce9w1kzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict oqn;7 tfcomo:n6t1 k9future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enri 7o:;6kmoc9 nqtf on1tchment experiments?

  In algae, what is the rolj -1utst3e 6y9crltd 4e of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it 6 1trt3jly-cde u9ts4found in?

  What were the results obtrmo1fh zs t:.p0nm, /qained from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?pths, zo/mq:0.m f 1nr