Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in tfk l/7/emjifn3a:-z uhe presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molz7faekml:3u// n- ijfecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixatioi,0uhyes)z 5k n during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an p j)oxsh3: ue3experiment investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosyj :osp3ue xh3)nthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X representvob2,h 0p6xk0ke -7 16 kply.vjlri gi?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for g0jsx6 6/(luuzjaen dg,v / 32:idolhthe light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the naturalihg(aj/jz6v ,nd36:x uo/l lde2 us0 g final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the f0oyerhz 21uc(20mo q bollowing structures are found in the part of a chlorop2zy0urc 0(bqm1o2e holast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different temperatures. k ahfk z54srw+mu: /,x

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light i/m mx 6+63rnp 5pl5w nenoq:aentensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in tx iexh, v6cr0k)rd x zhw;+z- l,p4*fhhe Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place iw l,cbr q: (eh1.irakus(g)p;n photosynthesis and;iu)bkeclrp.q(h:,r( s wg1 a aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an v;cpt+ u29w)cjk u 7ei pie,.1yef3oaattractive houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactioue1zh ;6h; gxxns for pho;6zexx uh 1;ghtosynthesis?

  Which of the following c9 sp/hnp g e(ibg07,o5ajup,morrectly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent reaction ofbet:g n /h:jhko**d2h photosyntenh/hb :2kt**h g od:jhesis?

  Which structure of the cx /1o8.r-rw8(ou 5gz8x vdqe;moqe e4,mybdghloroplast is most involved in the production of reduced NADP and ATz 8;er8ddb e,qme8x54qo-oggm o 1w/uxr(. vyP?

The diagram shows the sepurkj4 e q8s1-karation of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer c e-4sk1k8ujr qhromatography (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on vz-ls 5:se auo9cxs+ ..u/acm the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solutaz.cosm:al+5u ucv x/ -.9se sion of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the cor viw k4 26ls,kmzmuz,)rect range of wavelengths of light that ,6 ,kklum4i2)mzzwv sare absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in the p v4554udlh dzmresence of lilmudz44h5dv 5ght.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton g 5x3 z ztep0,:wye,n5vzoqt x7radient across the thylakoid membrane in the lie5t q o7,0xwxez5p3z:n yzv, tght-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited elrz :dv8/kvrbn027-k 9ndsee zectrons are transferred from photos :k7 9dzek-/d8enbrvz2rvn0 system II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose-r yo6 ymr0u-e bisphosphate undergo carboxylr 6ory0m -uye-ation?

  Which products are fo)xx;-9a 6 ziszhw(ypu n: qyyeo2s /3qrmed at the end of the light-dependent and light-independent react/ex oyxy-y wqu2)psa 9q; i36(:shz nzions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetucys0 ,n+z-y cic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigmentscc0zyuy- s +n, are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrasjd4(knoosm3jo 02p- krx 8 3qwtructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photo15djw o-tnqe-;o4yix v 4cd4rsynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration arex yl i3mcg22n9 enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are uvzn8u/5j :cxx sed to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (Fcz x8x5njuv: /ACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide1v . 4*iqejnz2 ;rl)yvdcx+zx in photosystem II, and what form is it foun4v jx+vqxz2 c.z1r*i;ldn) yed in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop exp2siuzz +v*ki om9ue;; eriment that enabled Calvin to dete k;zomisu;eiuv+2z *9rmine the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?