Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence+* :lqoozf8d p of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen md: lpq+fo8* ozolecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation9a,b-36fcdg; gw: c p:ledudg during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating thjyt.+4g 1wsa le effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variabt +lj w1gysa.4le at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? xqdirr:9( qjeze+ su 3rre6m *gyq4;,

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts f 1ivu7 zq4r1y3uuub a8or the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptozu1ruq41buv 8y 7ua 3ir in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in1uda1 - i9/g /svob h);ou )vney6qjhn a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part u)inv1ood qyh6;geu /9 jns1ab h-/)vof a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis 2mg,om:qg9le )r fcl 2at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intb+wv5 o5z8 hju p:d(huensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processest qz.p1bgwp3u3p be;ic, a:l8 occur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in phot cl7:q3uxcfjddzcc0bd(9 /;rosynthesis and aer9dl 3:;cc cd xzj/0ruqc(fdb 7obic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant z b(f+2f puc ovs8uowj0zuk ; y3.w+/awith red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactih+di)br d.tgi uwc6g1,n5 ki /ons for photo)cb+,/d 5 g .tk6urnh 1wgiidisynthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photo+mi3h s9uo+ukn .t.rusynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this u:3((ixczm5oupsqi6 4k 6 yhk o7j 6ehlight-independent reaction of photosynukmhqke 5hs y4o(6iu:(ci7 oxzp636jthesis?

  Which structure of the *: s.f p;tg.u fb7rvicchloroplast is most involved in the production of reduced NADP aftg s;rv 7:*pbi.f.c und ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosyc90 nmke 6m5qenthetic pigments using the thin-layer609k mcqee5mn chromatography (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of clir rl1i35momi +xe6 r7tmate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical 6r3 mo5+1xi7ltr irme flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range ov g7:c,ft zpb)4kpe7w f wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll forbfve:4t) ,cpz7g7 kw p photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds7o1dhd 0m f.yjm, (zvk are produced in the presence of lijvkm( .dhfymzo071d, ght.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across ylf*q 9pkmpk3ya+y /dx895 hu the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of php+9 ld38 f9yyykaku5q/ mp*h xotosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are transa ;ps;wyef0b2mvx 9/t zxk8x.ferred from photosymeb.v9;t w8;ysxp xk xa f/0z2stem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of -g bx0 8b*bv2gwzul+ bthe chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylatio b*-zgw0g8vl2bbb x+u n?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent andg 8y 2h;yyi lmipl/ rn 7phu107,tz7ug light-independent re urh/mt giyi 28l7;ppy ,0y7gnuhz1 7lactions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate phn*n3+:u5b avr1xcm0 invzw87hwjf4j otosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separa+vrf80*v7:zj iabhj4nw un wxn53cm1tion of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure 4u k likv*,cp;3+m4 y+xlr shmof a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosyngl /:a( bm.gb lprwqd,l,k7a vs*3:ubcim 2-mthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiratw(81aszk( hx mion are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experim3t am8,jbkwvxym 7wk k)n/h e1.b5 6tvents are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide 6)t5bb3yv 8 .nh amkw w7kt,vj/mkx1e experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of cau wkoxo6tz;yw6ufnnn 92n-/ h)g u5r8rbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is i6x h5n6/nw8kz ufyruw; oo)nng- 9u 2tt found in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop exg:dz *:wkg:jc2 f +7ug)ldqaeperiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesig)f:d7uz+jg qwgd *:l: c eak2s?