Which term describes the splitting o,l9 o ibb1i *kly(bwf*f water molecules in the presence of light to produce electrow*1*lo i( bbkli9bf,yns, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation df d ./wefu-+jsuring photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating tx *x 5)wxre4qsnh/-ec he effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled n e 4xsc)xxq5 /r*wh-evariable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represenr-6jw ua8(b7r je jzj. r:nlm*t?

  The Hill reaction shows elee(f2 a8 da 48zcmkrvf* cm:u8hctron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in h(dvr 4 fcmucz8fa*k8e :28ma photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Wbdb2m:mq/0y) giwdsmrjw+8- hich of the following structures are found in the part of a chloroplast0)/wdm dj-yig 28 sbb:qmwr+m labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different tempbdcfu 3f6tc1 sy1dv;.eratures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of lightz:3ox twy q.+g intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calvin cyytncxfwso.4+ ua 82d d7/qn i,cle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in ph hzl506lb;vh 4upodzz m x4x,)otosynthesis and aerobic cell respiration?;o 0,xxph5zhmb6zl4lv4) zud

Coleus blumei is an af( ou)jtnpxi 2j*yc9cpw 5 9f4ttractive houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions kg42 ;nq53h 2 pxfwmwspr8)ibfor photosynthesis?bi)5;4whsp2 qgnmp8 wr f2kx3

  Which of the following correctly)snx,q s.q0y szk40 rl84lfpq describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this lighp y )hluf/pn njy-7c,/t-independent reaction of photosynth /yynl7n)hu p-f,c /jpesis?

  Which structure of the chloor k0cr/6bjt( 7svp t7roplast is most involved in the production of reduced NADP anv7/rs0p c6o tb( kr7jtd ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic 2q ,7 r wgewu)l4t5bpcpigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the solvent propang4qc 7 ult ,2pwrew)5bone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation inuo4cu/e 5q o/4hce mj2to the impacts of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conica4 /u /oemj5qecu4h2ocl flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents m ms0u,5w.p0dx amb2xthe correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chloroph0x x uw ms50mbd.,p2amyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in the presence p-l,dsz+ t ( yeyr(z0nz+ t((lyypn0sr e, zd-of light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient acrosfjq0 9(ifz6.wqqus h6s the thylakoid membrane in the lh9u j6qqfqs6wz f(i0 .ight-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes plachq ws1p uw22eqvkd*(+e before excited electrons are transferred from photosysteupdq 2s+ewv2k( hwq1 *m II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphaid w; 0 :nt-n5aanvm+g6 wewn*f -qco1te undergo carboxylatiovw+n-w in 51*octe-fa:0ngw6; a mdnqn?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-depenni 3xi.kykbxu1m,-6 edent and light-independent reactiy,x1kx6 m3be.nkii -uons?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthvur7zcg v *h9ko5( w5tetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments z*9t 5vkwhc7go5u v(rare present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a ctbjzb vq02 f7s .4c:fghloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for pho q0:h,z9 8jwxx vp.t4(mznp:tfqj* xxtosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-cata qfi+fye4:nive lbk*c1y : j32lysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future ratni lay5lk2m1y0cjq+.es of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when co k2yl1 my. njq0+5lcainducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in phototk egr :ou hlkn-k:69t :4pmu.system II, and what form isnue o u::tmg:t h.-4rkkk9lp6 it found in?

  What were the results obtained from x *5 yl(ez:x tvro1ea7the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthel:z etx *17avy(re5oxsis?