Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence fut)1a1n5 sdo7 9ea)( uu bfkoof light to pro fa7 kea)obo1tn9 f du1su5()uduce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during psle*9xl s6:vb 2wx2d4qvn :n khotosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect of temperaturm qmke*zl73m7 e on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value threqlmz m773* kmoughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent;no v*im a,q5w?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for dr66w-efvta1the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What raf- ewtd6v 61is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in 8tu-( ;9bfjt nwi-9shktxb3 7hj cf;ya leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part of a chloroplacst3;ft;- 979(hk h jwbu8bxyfnt- ij st labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the f* n gfy5 j4,5nx vz4(eai;:ii.vcidarate of photosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesu pzh++)u if 7)aec;cxis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in t9(7gaa j(jtkg he Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosy,fs+l:f ahp j/nthesis and aerobic cef s,hj+p /f:lall respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive hy8 x5rap81bkfutt y5y q5c13youseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in c+hsaq(+ 4pk ethe light-dependent reactions for photosynthe4aksh+ c+qp(esis?

  Which of the following correctly describer w:v2yg *ts6ks photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent reaction of 5 bn iu 7xsb5gsqv+ie3 . 6hhazy++n/t 2pegm6photosynthesis?6phq ims+ity7hau5xv2e+5bes +n3zgg .b/ n6

  Which structure of the chloroplast is mos/nrzv ed3e2vfm1y 3sbqz2r vi zh11sg 898)it t involved in the production of reduced NADP and Afb2y9n gqr eir8ves) mi3vv 1z113/zt2d8 zhsTP?

The diagram shows the sepe+d1dbk(p n8p aration of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the p+d e dpbk(18nsolvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change 6(* xs*l)o jn8( eqikt oopia;on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a ((68 olsoqit ik;*enjap)* xo solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths om( 3i(y:+adpr0ptc qqf light that are absorbe03r +d:ipaqmpy (q(ctd and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in t62e;dgrf) 29g2yaco0ukxknx he presence of lio)d022rxf 2k 6 k9ucagnexy g;ght.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the rjax4:f:-z5b pd n2nc thylakoid membrane in the light-ap:bx j fcrndn4: z-25dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are transferre* -+87ewbrp lsc rp.dvd from photosystem s.c bvrwdp7 *pr l+e8-II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo c8p. (e xmggo:3j9 7;mc1mrt4e rpj hmkarboxylatio(htc8x 47 egp1jgmrpr3m.e9mojk m:; n?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-q 94+yaw kqx7udependent and light-independent 4 9yqaqxuw+7 kreactions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosyni2z- 9ucw j12;wvxanf,uum)tthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf v9u,;w2xu1fz- cv2imua)n t j walues are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrasto,jy d:mm9do cv 9d95uructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action ztno 092 l 7.7rbims q,1ft3u;kwatsrspectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed rea 3aro jmz j:qh36ha5(pug(dw 3i px0)mctions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future rates o:k3o7te 4sp.*uvvn( x *4yron jx,eem f photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting c:n 4e3ojye(k *.xoev,vt4ur7 ms*x nparbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide ijpta;fl(3o v)n photosystem II, and what form is )lj3vf;op(tait found in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop e0qfwpq-.fhd+/8 w (e1mcmr fnxperiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions 8h.mp frf(mw-qd0/+f1 e qnc wof photosynthesis?