Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence of lighwa: isjl,0jj hj);l /7mgd m0ot to produce electrons, hydrogen i ogl:j/ 0ilh)d7jj;a smwmj 0,ons and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the followingc2 0hii+t( y)6v wi, p9todctc is involved in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows a28oj1 1yxo7*jign i5ha;e :uh t*bfsln experiment investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughoufbng:2e*1 u*h jhy;7 osali io8t5jx1t this particular experiment?

  What does X represent?q36sx06x bzx 1 3)rzga 0r awp+a:qkx(jv:uuf

  The Hill reaction shows electron transnfuw7v 8j);jf6d o170) e nabq -s zr2zin*jjnfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used i-7jnnjzofz n;q v)af 7 j6euib1 r2)j08wds n*nstead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a lcmen k*bc*w/1bn- , m;glci:t9l*svweaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part of a chloroplas,-1:lb/ bwcwcv lsm ;g **cinte* m9nkt labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at diffe:;f v032rhzoaw 0lh xzt- ms)wrent temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of phob,7b7n r bsbjdea7k-/ tosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur i*mo/ fw++:hv *pk sbiin the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows (jd x,v:ibx/(teb( gy where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell respiratioi/(jxbyg bd xt(( :,ven?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplab )2p c/se xn;q4cz1nbnt with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hdudwl-w;3x - kk/wkh7r(2yf z ydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions for phot3d -wyh-x7duwwk2 /( kk;fzrl osynthesis?

  Which of the following correr:.jogk4k gi*iyguo) +lgva 9 l+v2)ectly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent reaction of photx 8v )ed oebi)ub:j(-gosynthesis?e)veog j i-u(bd8)b:x

  Which structure of the chlo -dkwbxp(8 0d39czr s5)zdb hwroplast is most involved in the production of reduced NADP and ATwx zc5dd) b9-3 d(sh80zwrpkb P?

The diagram shows the.ej xoa(a yfn0f hf6,8 separation of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technixhfe(ao,jf6a 0 ny f.8que in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate nzg l8bst.y9 / 7 k,*q lg1-hrjg(unqychange on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonicg7z/ r jknq,1n(lggyuyq9-bl .h * st8 acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correvfe;,zw6g*v d02rk x hct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by d20gw,kvze r6*vf hx;chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon comp .rbvfi-nq.w .vck7-aounds are produced in the presence of light. cr.kq -va.wn7 v-.fib
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrhm531z /(s(wqc sagn cane in the light-dependent rea( /51asgqnw cz3 hs(mcctions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are transfdh 3/mi/ z+o1fhv3anherred from photosystem II to photosystem md/v+3n/f ohzh h3a1i I?

  In which structure of the agtoabjcr)3 tz (92w; chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylag 2o9w;zar3 batjt(c )tion?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-depenqpa4g ht72h fyi0/bb ;dent and light-independenb2ai ftyqhb4h7g/;0 p t reactions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separka ,5pa ad*z8u/lh v7nate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf exu 5 kh7pdaa zna8,l/*vtracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure tapxf5el2i v *f3 5hy+aq3u6tpg; ry3of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosynthes(nu 8faws7fl;( 5anvnis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzym(tkd-wczd)45si+ bolql4.+ 2mohjh(blx 4 t pe-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future ral tj (40f :knbymwugd8x/0wdh63y7b ttes of photosynthesis and plantjl/ u4byg w:w0y( ft8b m7dxtnhk 36d0 growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in e li:4-./siyehi1ut ephotosystem II, and what form is it foundihu lye./:tesi4e i-1 in?

  What were the results obtained fro+0xi bmcw0v69 + wiuwpm the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-inw+uvm+0cp 6xw b0i9widependent reactions of photosynthesis?