Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence of e y+ ;gvl/hv8vlight to produce electrons, hydrogen vv+;ly8g/hv e ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following issm,rh4fr) dmzb*r ,td t-w.hk /z;8zd involved in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect ro+)ipx,skm ,u- yn 4qa 7mvc;of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keep-v o)uiyan k;qr+m cpm4s7,x,ing a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent?x5f tp4*ppg f;

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the awc61znqprn ka6z +-+light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the -+rnkq azz+616pcan w natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the followi mye:1p *kdfy6ng km:d*yfy ep16structures are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different temp+tyril4. yj/leratures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the e k44/u30 yi( 7:rtc fhrz t2av4ebwkxbffect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes.uuy66xp+qlu occur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photjagq0.p4 jnd6 osynthesis and aerobic ce6qg dapnj04.jll respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with re-uc l/wao6ka .m m090iv.xv sad leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-depenpsme:g v6ll*0 dent reactions for photoe v*0slgmpl6 :synthesis?

  Which of the following correctb63 ;tz4x pz8fj1( a0nzg.wpoh w9k ukly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent rea snanet; y5f.5yu60lb ction of photosynthes5 bln .05yeftany; 6suis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast4il9i0ok i31onvcdjr 73y x: t is most involved in the production of reduced NAii9tlxr1 jcd3koi4y30v7 o:nDP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosyntqnl 5u, (m :+cygg(cxrhetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) tey:,x rml( (qggunc+5cchnique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on theb0yo 4;vxvo(p)bsv8q rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water andvyp v(q0 ;8v)obox4b s carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represenu j+l1b5vekyj 3og2f( aagfdex9j) 0 4ts the correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by jaufejxjd)go5bf v (1ge23l y +ka904 chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in the 9hob2z7el y;dqex5p;p1r my;presence of li7 l59yhpmbqd; yeoz p;e;r x12ght.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membranera.t/ igf fw4j8bbh7ek70mt2 in the light-dependenr2g 7fjt7t/4bkhfm 0.8w beai t reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are tra1(g)*j njjzgnpl. *eynsferred from 1g)yn*zjgj lnej (.*p photosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure o30lh sjzt6dm5gjf,1i 1v-n muf the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylatiofn z,mjjgd1i1s3uv 56lm0-thn?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent m5bhxh9; +hx.b igm e8and light-independent reag;hx +9i.58bmehmhbx ctions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosyntheticd mq65+dagm6 /kqa n+m pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present6a +dmngm d6+mq5kq /a in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of yt abfuxmb.l.oa e3r4 4nq)25a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action sgej 1 w; eyu1vw9)/nnopectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular rez,*/a.9. agw3 tie nb vn*czdospiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment expz bzs1h9+b5pn4ymq+s eriments are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) ex4 y5hb9z1z n+bps+smqperiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role *1u5gk w i)a pexhl:-bjrgjnzs:wa )87a r-;mof carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it akup-jm e5ba)l a7rj:s8r;)gwnw 1- zhg *i :xfound in?

  What were the results obtained fz 0vn d-zc8 f)4i1ko;f/fcostrom the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independen s ik-vt0dco4)znf /1;fo z8cft reactions of photosynthesis?