Which term describes the splitting of water molecules iuut m ul;9):dun the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions au d9uu;)lutm:nd oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation tq/r4 *,qqr trduring photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment iuq 8gi+ d v70zxz05civnvestigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following isi0z qd8iv5 x7gcu z0v+ not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? qv23gw4f; k hh

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the liw md6nz wz;nbi;;;) flght-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is usedm fbnwz wl ;)iz;6;n;d instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows partm8m7 bf2-ez hn0s* 6ht8krwjh of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?f6w80beshr th-* jmn2mzhk 78
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at dif asbmwxzc,/a:c/c;r0xx : sh 4ferent temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of phot1vb (smsrpu24 - wmq;josynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processesw1ham d -*rmxq/ae)9n occur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes plbkiv 7: c* (sd.i15 i6au iu:jhyvqos5ace in photosynthesis and aerobic cell respirat h6v5i kyoqu*(.5si:j 17d va ubs:iicion?

Coleus blumei is an a(/ *n*nlfqarvc d6-vdbt u12 5id-wnhttractive houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent r807upblr)ngskpix, d z v/x42eactions for phox2 zu 0/l8,vb7d gxpnprsk)i4tosynthesis?

  Which of the following correctlw.)/ uc+dswqk y describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent reaction )ayzujpk3*8xjnk p6 9of photosynthesis? 8)pjnky*jz 3 9xk a6pu

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in the productiov7f4 cj,z4v+.kfcuok0ezak4e0h jl, n of reduced NADP and AT40 fvz,kj lk.hofe+e , j4vcak0 4ucz7P?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigmeny (c(y8+a od:jiij; gets using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the:(yag jiy8(od eci j;+ solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into;:gu;z zo) .aaiz b;ck the impacts of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solutiukz:oi)ca; z; ;.bzagon of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths of light thatbh vrh: l4q52j1xd4 ;ad5kx kj are absqx2 xj; rh 5:k1dl4djh54kbavorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in e2 2zlgt0vyj )czb 1pkhh1(so+y).utthe presence of lohyzubv+cts)e1 2.1 2zl y)(gj0tphk ight.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane i a-a;mj1rdlsnv 6n2hu2gay,+e1 lpt9 n the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesi1-9s ea2 ;ay6lpv ,aulhtrn d +m1jn2gs?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are transf2v jnf(z*8o g7fgt0dc erred fro8tgod2 vcg7jf* z0 (nfm photosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo6l+ mj51zqyms carboxylatiojyml 6 q1+m5zsn?

  Which products are form vst2 u)23 l*wods3cn :lfxx4zed at the end of the light-dependent and light-independent reactionsox: s32zw4 vuctl*3f ls2)nxd?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Belojth8b; d/6l+ 8jjc:)ljk gjud9 hr0 cew is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts. jc0t8 +d/e h; cg rhbludj):8ljkj96j
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows :,b(kol:0 +zt7jv x,ff dor ziiuvn+ )the ultrastructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrumtwij4m 3e yxq4wq-9,o for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respirationk8sfqb/ 2:jod )k bw9vxp 2aa6 are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predicq. rs l(;w0z+ mta3abrt future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment r.m+;s aq(al0 wrz3tbexperiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystemk2eqk)y:xd*.qa muu0 II, and what form is it u0.k x de a2:yqmq)uk*found in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that ena qd58i eysx4 d0xe)xj+bled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions of photd 8)q54ex+xi sej 0yxdosynthesis?