Which term describes t0u* 6th/jp9b)bq nzpphe splitting of water molecules in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogenj)9pb*hbnpzp /0t6u q ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during photosynthr izd82mzk.x26h h. wuesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investi *.- yst-oobwntu*zj7 gating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of th -*bnjz. yuo-wost7 *te following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent;*o11b:btz ja1gga l- fn0z fzii;,kh?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isollib3zh386uz r ated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A rli8 3 hbz3u6zblue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below show*:md iu8f:,7m h keschs part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are:: , hefc sdi*hm8uk7m found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis atn0k br.sd 2u,f different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate o e-0,f7d w pi,klu5 p,xlma.zof photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processe3hhzwkh x:+hq2dj 2 :ds occur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following 4nd71b)el8qv lh: oj hcorrectly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthe d)o: ql7h8jl4env1 hbsis and aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with red leaves. )*pk-htj)8 dsq(nmay

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hylf wryu6m 0 rb,:n;*xxdrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions for photosynthesis?r u:brxlf6mx;,nw *0y

  Which of the following correctly describv x4x1vi;a ;ud9qa,wcx-p+2iw o u-qzp3 (ckres photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent react; caf 7,jng;lgion of photosynthesis?f,c ;njgg;7la

  Which structure of the chloroplast im,u g1abpr9rhu4xn0z7 , 0 btns most involved in the production of reducedxar7zg0b4r,1 m h9 u 0upnt,bn NADP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pig9j9 zukiy ,;vtcv9* uzments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the solvent propa9ckuv* 9t9 z; zijvuy,none.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate chwx o95 +/cufqed5q :puange on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acidd 59fcopu x5/ uwqq+e:.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of w,3 5 bfu /cu7rvetefux1 :x+ygavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflectedff3 xe+tv/:rycu1bg7xe 5u, u by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are p(;noqhuxgu:y2y k )1o )hu( pvroduced in the presence of ligh)ho(yyvx)1 k qp:uo2; ghuu n(t.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylappkq cr4d9 v 1b1t 5qri+k/d)jkoid membrane in the light-dependent 1tc)b+i/q pvjd9 kdk54q p 1rrreactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that tcxzrgg 0, (;x+dx 2ntsakes place before excited electrons are transferred from pxg,0xz;d+n 2x( g rstchotosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphatwpt cs+itzob54o2 0) se undergo carboxylatt4sz owctbsoi5 p+)02 ion?

  Which products are formed ateb c6g dpi6 )ihjimxeaa 1o.h) 1ph8* 04bfyf4 the end of the light-dependent and light-independent reactions?*4gj4f 0ib hc6)xpmepfb hadi y 8ehoi6a).11

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to r:jp*-cnhc 3w separate photosynthetic pigments. Below 3c-pc*rwjhn :is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chlorop)0zo dm cj)f0bck c +x-z(sma+last.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the actix:+o0bfmk:nl 4 (f6mwv 2ozkq on spectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enz- 8n+bmb1f( xeko fdj,ko8b7r 0qr hm8yme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future rn/sicj t:dpk 9cz (5/oates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enz p/c/k5cjd9( oi:sntrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and w 0n:c kbb*5mudhat form is it fn0m:uk db5*bcound in?

  What were the results obtained from t*t v.6dw.ugl vsf7fbt; y,)arhe lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin ft6avs g l rt*,w.vub;7dy.)fto determine the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?