Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence lqmt (1n+kcc/ of light to producecqnl/+km 1(ct electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during photr9/ av7l(rx7fiq fxf .osynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigatinq/e(lm smz0 fg:jr/ p*g the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable*/( pm qm:l0re/gsfzj at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? 65bf8bp:jlx p

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts fore.oqs0d+z7(3tupvk jj0j-q-l mu 0b g the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the n73loqtz s 00u vk dj-p j(.beg-q0u+mjatural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of4:a /9m uotrqfp241s (kvh cko the following structur(1 k49 fos/m4 2uortc hv:pqakes are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at differ;o h gihzkdy *p1s8q5.ent temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light k/-*qgzn we5q dz,ke5aa1jqk 3xmx/ 6 intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes.m1 (zv50fayjuj; wx0qgmv*zg( u4sz occur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes placeti1wr a+ zt:hj*l*x w+ in photosynthesis and aerobiztrwx+ 1hl*:a ij*w+tc cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an at(-t i*x q bf5sc+abo spa.1bl;tractive houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-fxeod c78-7w * oxa;jmdependent reactions for photosynx mx7cdwoofa;j* e 7-8thesis?

  Which of the following correctly-w,hms.jp h 2 :;azion5 cnk.x describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-m k+/oi9kgetwj/0jk- independent reaction of photosynthesiswite/+- kkog0j /jmk9?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is mo + h,m17ft92iyjpir;cte.dk n st involved in the production of reduced NADP andkj .9r,n;im1 fetp2h dc7y+t i ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments using the thinhfgt *3qu6kbk;df /fa1eht:j ga0:8 o-layer chromatogra0;t3ho faugf8 qgdk*1k:afehj :b6 t/phy (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impact zzgkcnssl5(kr729-c df5rba*m56 b bs of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of seale skf-2rmalbgz9*cr 7sb(5zk 5b6 cd5nd conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths of 8,r a:iq)+maz utm wv;/jkb.dlight that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for pudbm;8 rz:aw.v )/a,+q mtkijhotosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbpo(5i s1 q(oq)ks,uyfon compounds are produced in the presence of light. iok1s , qs (yo)q5up(f
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylak2gba2, qc/ cquoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis? 2au,2cqbqc/g

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are tra f-h.ien:vf ,snex0r:nsferred from photosystem II to photon:hvefrxe.:0- f ,ns isystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulos4(b0uxnk zles c: r1 s/d ao9,wz)wwza+8qz4ze bisphosphate undergo carboxyla l(q4uw kz0wnz o/dsrz,8a)a:e9 4cz1sxb zw+tion?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependep ahg3z*; xddz/) 03;tnufatx nt and light-independent reactionxztd3fuxt3z)/0 na apg; d;*hs?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photos2 c fd;w, s,ho)sz6zkojvpc(dc, 83bsynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in thidohz b 32pcs,)6,,8f(zos cd;wv jscks way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of ai.pdc)8v 6 qku chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for uxj/+yqs- l)hpg/b(ff pjr27e:1 4 znvy qy3pphotosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiratiussy2bcnm71evl7q am9a, r fe4( 1 0kcon are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future rates of photosgm2/l+ jjwpy2 ynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an adv2 m/wyj2 j+gplantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of c,j:v roll 4++sfhfz/aarbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it foun sz: +fvrf,ho 4+/jalld in?

  What were the results obta66gc+ ouz kugr. 7).xgto ggc6ined from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-ix ru6.ctg gg.k7z 6+ogog 6cu)ndependent reactions of photosynthesis?