Which term describes the splitting of water molecules inz*- e-w cber(sb7pqf3 the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions -(wcsz er3 peqb-*fb7and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation2lco2 bk bk- w-bthmz,,is mcrv/9k q8y8u- .r during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the efva+ gkuwr f8dg1 l5h 0/maw, x3s0vk+ufect of temperature on the rate of kxgwv,k0u3s +v0ld1/a a8 grm+wf5u hphotosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent?h,,fr vbd2 ( 3chu1dna9itth;

  The Hill reaction shows electron tranq. / uzwcvsn.dy c8lg+.k .:bgsfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (qgl. bn zkcvdw .yu+.s: .g8c/2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below urn7 /5.ce y3pp0esltshows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structures artc. u ye5n7ppls/0e3 re found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosyvkg*:;w9zi u q4ix0zpnthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosyw*ex.d tn+;wn nthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calp/9ab mxkxp,n ph -yu9q:v47-jaxlh +vin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows wherelfky8e;x oo :0 chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesf:lox e80yo ;kis and aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive housep7:d7 f oee/cwtlant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ion1eydu3k1sqf el) * ug mn(rl31s in the light-dependent reactions for photosuukqyf1s1 3mee(d3n lg )*1 rlynthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or respiratii 7 qhuv.63ck5uuvsq0 on?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independents:r y8gk 1z3bcevk.: c.2lx0bde8nc o reaction of photosynthesi8.b: re kcs3kcy:bng 0 vzc2ld. o81xes?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in the produq gvgzja o3hruwy7/ 81g9p-7kction of reduced NAwj p87kyo73 1z- g /ggruhq9vaDP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pulzbwl:4of cs.;2 st7igments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the solvent p.ls:l;b c72ftusozw4ropanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of cla-xn7 1r lyr9 tw;xaq+imate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, exlw1yar xnr+ ta-7; 9qach containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths of e2s nxr5sh5u-abg . h+light that are absorbed and reflec52r5s -bxegu. hshna+ted by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are5 wpu4puvh m aq9w(fa:/ j0xkf6m,y 3b produced in the presence of light.fp5m4u (63 9x wv:fahq yw/ujak b0,mp
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate ;ou 5el vhss9,a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent r9,euosl ;vhs 5eactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited elqt fpeb.m*g8dc /324 av,mwy pectrons are transferred from photosystem II to pqcw pfd*,.4 m8mya3tb2g epv/ hotosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribum, c-u+u2ghzolose bisphosphate undergo carboxylatzc 2+m,ou-gh uion?

  Which products are formed at the end of the lqm li 3m6d3be7ight-dependent and light-independent rea b 633i7mqmedlctions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetic pig odbdkl *//6m6rk/fhrqq4x6gno t:u3 ments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigr6 3/o / n:gt hdoqfukxbd6/rmklq* 46ments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a w -ax6 (sa u7dqlkkcrvx.;) 3vchloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for phz7esjjp)9y; ootosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed reaction1kh293 znhlbgs.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to pr0d:s zwt1s us/edict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxi/w:szsust1d 0de enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the r5w:4 0ls ,7i w;npzmszqak2 igole of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it found in?; qil p20mgsnwsi,5w47zkz a:

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin 0a w8 ub)zq;mito determine the order of the light-independent reactions of p 8zau)0 wiqbm;hotosynthesis?