Which term describes the spl8 u*mxhskd)8rgbtx /w+wj m((itting of water molecules in the presence of light to produce electrons, hy8mdsku/+)t(xw r* bx(jg8mhwdrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation d17nyoq *f62wdbt +x rsuring photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating th8spqc-7 shov bo7(e zvi2h7 8uk 6a(k:gsx j.te effect of temperature on the rate of photosyntheckvitq(p7esos hz76a8. -7 g :k2 vhjb8xo(ussis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X representciz oy+s33uc1?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts fo ;d/kz8ubf4* zrklsu.dg78o l r the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final ele/lk zr8 lsz 4;g b7ud8.*oudkfctron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which ofr-;t, ox )gnot the following structures are found in the part of a chloroplast labellexg;r ot)tn- ,od X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthio(qv58j qqus a5rs6*esis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light in0 j je-dwgn35ctensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur ie-n 6upsw.r0*2*pgiv vaf6c kn the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place ira ysb*)8zkj08f 8xq un photosynthesis and aerobic cell respiratio8x y8kqafs )zbu08*jrn?

Coleus blumei is an attractive hoxu af;p ;, dlfkgt7hqmk(, )/ouseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main sourcet47.kr lu q2e52z ixkn sut0:v,luq0r of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions for photosynteuil uxvu,qr2t0kk 5 r 4 :2zs.7q0lnthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or 31h* lr;mx;vdsit k; urespiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this b fpkd s6-:i4 sc0h,cflight-independent reaction of photosynthef6cs :sbf4cp,hki0 - dsis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in.) r) a(aepew9 akebsp2i +ir5l shw k7h1(/jp the production of reduced NA e k1ah/+l (a.ii w) ha7pkr5 rp(j9sebpse)2wDP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments using the thi j2(ln k7af:zrn-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the solvenzj f7(2lr :nakt propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation in7p ;. cax91 go0iiragvto the impacts of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each contaia;1ac v x9gi .ir70pgoning a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represi *v sb*ibh.s/ents the correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected/*vhs *b .iibs by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produc/4zu wvsd fxu;a ag:5q.7un3med in the presence of light. d/m3xgwu 7nuz v5;4 :s. uaqfa
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to gener d+gr-k; r5f:as es6grate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photosyns6ag+k -gsdf:r 5re r;thesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are transfer c wnwy:gh6i8u*davq (w 1rg(7red from photosystem cg 7ighrn1qu:wy wa(( 6wdv 8*II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulosezbd.*fo i-o m7)7oy cx bisphosphate undergo carboxylat-bo c7)oz7x.* yi mfdoion?

  Which products are formed at the end of therwk o. a 76bc/ ac.63j*no1is q9uxghv light-dependent and light-independent react6kujv79.i1.* coagwn/r3sh b o6acx qions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate wbo81. 3igki xphotosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are pres ix1og8 3wb.kient in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructurejl dile1f qz,4wy13*g of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action (ytvu+ ;dz 71nr nrwkonq/vw;:u+ a1ispectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respira7o-bdkux7b :.n eqms+tion are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment w b9;s:mq6*np xfwya5 experiments are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments oveaqwp5wx9 ys6f; :nmb*r free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem y.qc )ejyc0 7b+-coh sII, and what form is it found q+0b ocy.hy)7c ejsc -in?

  What were the results obtained from th7n ju0b5khvbwiw(t 9 -e lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of th957ut(0 bvkhb-wwj ine light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?