Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence s;5h8rda wo z,d:z .ipof light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecule5z ;ih:,ow.8 zdarpsd s?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during photosynthc-fy mo9 yon,g qmy66o:-kk,mesis?

  The diagram below shosdgi/qndv +)l74kd00wy2rytws an experiment investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value thdwy+0 v/n27 iyrqd4gtdk0s l)roughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represen: xnyj 0g)bw2at?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in c-g r, .wmiee0isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6gc,mre0e . -wi-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below showb p8h( oqo;zgv -lgn+8s part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are found v nogpg-hbl8 q (8o;+zin the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of p gfpr9 svon1ro(4ni 8d7f)okpav.*)d hotosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the ra sk;ob:mucw-l-;m sw k4b2(pdllpn /;te of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in thecq j-qd+nb-r 4 Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correct n5p /8lhn wx r6-0 d249lstvwh2)fhnpmzsp:uly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and 8npll- s9u/nh2vt 64dhzfr x2phpm s5 0ww: n)aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with 6 f :-znjp 4zrp8whto)red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions inpz qd+exbv8n2t1ht-t -;ft )p the light-dependent reactions for photosynthesid)vf--te ;tx2b +1zq 8pt thpns?

  Which of the followingw(6h(lu;q wn snd* up3 correctly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this 7wbdoyi iej::965go (gu pr *yt3s(nl light-independent reaction of photosyngyyg9: bn6*wso3ilui(roj:7 5( p e dtthesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is mocbm;vct/ db c87p+ uz-st involved in the production of reduced NADPt- z mbvd/b+c;c8 cu7p and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments using lg-ds gg+7b7 qlifj(d1ppj.r;t :)zi the thin-layer chromatography (TLC)(p; t1p+dqlgzfjd : i) 7lgsr7 b-ig.j technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate of ic3 l; e)s7xts:evy o x74r7wephotosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a soluti7e ssie e;v:73l7ox4r ) xtwcyon of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of waver zpjcr0 g ub+h(0s104nhnqdtkn*;g 9lengths of light that are absorbed and refle10b 0hjr zg;nnqkdut c0r9*4p nhs+ g(cted by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in the presence 04:ukkkn5l ,ffgl 6*:grohg ml/r p u(of lightl:hm60f/rog*u5 l4,p ul:kkgrk(ng f.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in tjo-; 5efpq a4xzwu jsj:2 z ,:-.ztbhzhe light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?z-25azwzq;hs.p oj:b4 j-fz :xejtu,

  What is the process that takes place before excitedh// epfago0m . electrons are transferred from pho f/ghp./ema0otosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of tmo1(ipozzo olw-8 80 -9ro kjlhe chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxyloz p o19-(0lo-ko8iolmz8 wrjation?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent and light-indepenc qzb0v(m *zru7-q ju+dent reactm-uvjb0( + qz7urzc* qions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosyntheiiodl.j/nn;q+ca: r8: nko( etic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this (kn a+c q/ l.r; d:noejo8ni:iway. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a ;mrchh ()trwi ml8p3n81ik6t chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the aafdm4ka *g ) ko;/6qwhction spectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellula pykf2- y4:vssr respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to pq/q m*p2/fngk5 sejw /redict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (Fp km/f qs/5*nwge2 jq/ACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the nb/ *g+wwal)t:l a6w+a;4r r7aewxouf3 jf,r role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it founnw aj3+;u4w*e ,+laf7 frl/6bw a:r)rowx ga td in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that o0rfeg 2y,w+aenabled Calvin to determine the ordo,+r wgeay2 f0er of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?