Which term describes the splitting of water molecules ine+g e(mdmi 1 dl11x0or the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen idi1d1 lm(e m01ox+gr eons and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involvedax:rl7-;g (f8ahm9 .fxe nmb o in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect of temperatuj c;9:s,qm kagdh; mf8re on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particula;sqmg,fcdhk8 jm;9 a:r experiment?

  What does X representdjkej s4mvmt3n6l o+;15u-qq a7ik/o?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated mkz;.*ln ib r.qvz1g6 1ugpjmq2 55rk chloroplasts for the light- .p z m*g55nj2 zimrk1 qgql;br16k.uvdependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplexgc el* m 9ad+f xs+-9qqdiug;+4n0hast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the pgn4+ xe lcd0q +q;-f9u*ae9ds mhi +xgart of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different s,bhd wfc+uei5zx ; ((cxb)e7temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthe6 otpnczi/j 40sis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calvin cycl+las7 olecw,n*fbs: cunq v+ 2p(9k e;e.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmos3shn ,s7qapa*is takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell res3na7 sqap* h,spiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplan1am ulco w-52c t4p/iht with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions zh*b un 0 xiiq 4si5i5l0yg*g*in the light-dependent reactions for photosyn*04ygq5h iiiusn5*i*x bgzl0thesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes pv gxzq d wa-h5v7v6uvm ,e6)+dhotosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this)qkix4j gjz(6. h )iqr light-independent reaction of photosx iz6(kj).g)qqhi4r j ynthesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved icc:; w px:,wcnn the production of reduced NA: ;cpnwcwc:, xDP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-lx euf2*e8sd9 layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the solvent fl8dxues *9e2 propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on 8o r0a -mmo*qhthe rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a s -o 8hmmo*aq0rolution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths of light t(3ffscu8apqkv: 77,hwr 5wi1a *x hml hat are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthess5if f lxhpk,uv*8q1(w3 wm:7rha c a7is?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in thit4*2 caud j/3a 3rxfio3 5grae presence of lightu2 3ii5j/4axatrfr 3*gcdao3.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate xo1b9s io1r ko)h6; yka proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent rea6sk) io; yoxkh1r1 o9bctions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons qrf 6/-nj9q4ac4tn mzdb1w 7p are transferred from photosyscmd-f wpb9t 4an6j7qn4/1rqz tem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast dne ga0 yfvy 3drb9i/6 h;u9tz:9d/ fvmoes ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylat3ynu a vrgdd9v0f/:9itzm/b6fhe; 9y ion?

  Which products are formed at tji (khf*jts(d (w*zb dsgdv3vv1, / s/k9hs;d he end of the light-dependent and light-independentw9z(* 1vvgsddv *sj tsd3/(hfkhj/id s,(k;b reactions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can8 2q;esi -oas xl+or)i be used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigmsei8ix- +sa2qo o )rl;ents are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastr4k6-w rcemp,b6 boe4m ucture of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the ap xkb*a;xb3/(jmi :iq s)jk;w ction spectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respir tsg/oc/ dgw,jz;)xc7ation are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichmop rn2 *e)3dlab2o)dhqg77 iuppl-6 n ;id2bsent experiments are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantabp2a 3)oqilpd2 r2no)-u7s7 n l6*edhbdig;p ge of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the7tkc6mk3xt1(9ucx h w role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is wk1c cx9m7kxht(63u tit found in?

  What were the results obtained fro e.mn3of2v*io3 tz-pm m the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions o ize323 fm .nomvt*-pof photosynthesis?