Which term describes the splitting of water 334;wvae ms; kdbj-df ,eix0v-pt he/molecules in the presence of light te 3ebf;k-,t w;4epx -i03javvs h dmd/o produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during phze- ho) :p/8:roerzph i34krt9lkso 8otosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect of teml1bztx+/dn2yb x 2 grt),ttk4perature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method o 2kd,t1b x rt2t+/ zt)b4ygxlnf keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X representn ahm e *ph2l1ej3b w6xl6a;;d?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated uy vemq7e/k+kafwmv z x )h85:c1+8rc chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final equ/c81+ekk chw )mrm8v v x+5ezfa: y7lectron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below sho1ct na0ljxpi1n i usq4 )*+)emws part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structuiqcja stiu 0e+n)mx)1*4nl 1pres are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different temperaturehl y0i8, ou*bss.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on thhws9a(n9 -)pf +nv xjce rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occu1lf jdo1+zm(ur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following co0 t*k-hqke8 itrrectly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell respiratikqt *-ht0eki 8on?

Coleus blumei is an attrarthm/+ d/q0krewave, 0ci iv;5r /wo 7ctive houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reaction 5yv0 hoxtw wk+, m-th7z(+yhbs for photosynthe+h b(mx+ oh-t750y,kztwvywh sis?

  Which of the following corqt514wbajn ,g zo9ll6u+n mu(rectly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction ia; a-dm(h: m6o f-qfxs 4vvzd:s occurring in this light-independent reaction of photosf:vqh6 vdox(azm d: 4af- s-m;ynthesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplas 2kk n, o5jmi4ynt/x.st is most involved in the production of reduced NADP andj /sn.ytkx,o54i kn2m ATP?

The diagram shows the sep)q*2 vsdweac;9 cdo+q aration of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the so cqe* 9sq2 ad)+d;wcvolvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate cha(rje8ck7c mggwu-ijo9e z)(/56 sdtg 2o yur :nge on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed:rgo9oeu6(y(rm/5gsi7uk z c-j) wet 28jgdc conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths o ,d 7f)njrtdpyhph) r* voqk5t7.ey,. 3,p lbwf light that are absorb7pd3dfk. , ,rwqtlb .pt )pnve,r57oyh* yj)hed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are pmvlo g)s 8p4+produced in the presence of lighlom8 +)4vs pgpt.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate r ubcnd,4982p(rm sv8 ;i onoea proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent rea u9,c 8ri(s ob4onv nre2d8p;mctions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons arelaa/wnckr: 7m. . 0drf transferred from photosystem II to ph .70/nkrlwam d.:rcfa otosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate underxm3t,o)dxd2k.e83hes2 b dy zgo carboxylation2.mh8y dko dt3eebzx ,3ds)x2?

  Which products are formed 5/buro 7hq7fe 8 c*jelat the end of the light-dependent and light-independent reactionub/qe 5o lc*7jhr 87fes?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used8* gagexvmfen*h ln/n2 ,5h9h to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in5nv e/xhnm, nfhe9 ah82** ggl this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a ep3e:ay fi( ia+2tmw,chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrfhs 38 sdva/)l33)awyv4n hpix/ u:c kum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respdfi7fd5x0z0 s8 qxal(iration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are use/*zr6ay joiirptd9w/ ft.p2h -ae56b d to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) tr/*56i wtiep 2 ydapjbr. 6/-hz af9oexperiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what for1d w.+ddkoln/34t dwpm is it /kw3+4n1pd.wdddolt found in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that enabled y), vqy - kyhu)d3w3bxCalvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions,yu)d3wkb hxq-yv3y) of photosynthesis?