Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in t7 5elf1k8nkdlhe presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygenl7 1 kk8dfeln5 molecules?

  Which of the following is inv5t:(t vaojnb 5vma:)wat+t) molved in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an eb8 4 :rqve1ytsxperiment investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. svbry :1t4qe8Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? (; 4fm.zr9wkw7zln tz

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chlor3l7 xvht 9u)lyoplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. Wt l9vyl)x u73hhat is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chy-r mv6qwo f3e7hm 5m+loroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structu675vyofwmre3m -m+q h res are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at diffemtm+ph t+ 9okj0 3a+cbrent temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of ui4d)i qr5e9x photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calvin czrm57sj0jwj 9f3q na64 ro8qd ycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correc:iw oi/h+o7 ibb4cr q*tly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell7iioicr* b qw4hb/:+o respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with redt1krk y;t 5,qq leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions f*ar is ve4f.- iut.1ggur2z9p or phrvpaiu 1g..iutrgs *2 fez 9-4otosynthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or res4dwrs *hlgp2 zmk g4+2v rd*5fpiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent reactioh68ryo(k ur a w0(vq7sn of photosynthe8v(oqs a0r(7uwyr 6hksis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in the production of lf -l*+tq/*,yfs ,t rd,hx uppreduced NADP and ATP,p+lh*,qs -fpxu tf rtly/,*d?

The diagram shows the separation of phojc2;r l krk /silfe)l650y) rttosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique )6;ijkr )tl ck0es2/5rflylr in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into )h (9amu+ 4zqb g 7c*ild wwuipy,x1t8the impacts of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing1m)i49 c qp8 uazl*byd,7tx (+wu ihgw a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum reprewl,2en cpcs4js i;7u7sents the correct range of wavelengths of light that are absor 4e7wisc,jcnsul; 2p 7bed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in the 1-w m )ro/z:6kh 1vby,oh 7lgxfdy5cypresence of light v1y7- y hx6 5czmd/gw:hloy b)f1ro,k.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thy7+d(a kx-tn enlakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions otke7axn( -d n+f photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place bef* )7 yaecnyj9tszth)2ore excited electrons are transferred from photosystem II to photosystej2n7yszey9 )h * atct)m I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphatr+c5 bx9yvc h+e undergo carboxylax5+bc +hrc9 vytion?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent and light- ol cn(1t36tn(+2bz5fq dt:urmivo x4 independenun4+qdx c25t zr6m: o(ilbo31fvt(n t t reactions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetic pigmzgqagat4 ;-vjn+p; xlk*,7d0k fcy8 bents. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pi+txya0g kp4,j -8zf a*7n b;qvcd;k glgments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chloroplast. r hb +84c6 zwtimy9w*c

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for phosgj.cqs14 x i *bf:g5wtosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed resau/g(z t 7kg k,gx7e+ q*2tgfactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experimlkkgdcf.c24wdym9x7y- -r 88, l jlz ients are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air caw.fy27d-i4yclkc k d mlj 8rl8,g9zx-rbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon ygg9sz1u3l lp e;53yhdioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it found in?3yp5g; suh31ey9z llg

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that enabled :se-ztau;epb)x 3 e p9Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions of photox;ts 3p ) peb-ez9ae:usynthesis?