Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presenc 10 uocqy(6du38qc2s6 ft b3shte qt1ze of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions anc23 qf81e(qus 613th0 ozyb6tdqutcsd oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixa73jj4lm ef ky*tion during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experimentl14i4d6s ev ke investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a met4s i64dveke1 lhod of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represen;rag c8tw/x e (.xflop xqp,sj45l ,d3t?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated3s:v5rd nz8(mvh bi.l chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptorr(38:vmdn v 5hlbizs . in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a skf7+vw4 i0vpleaf.Which of the following structures are found ii7p+ fvwv40sk n the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of ph+ p2 pepmdpl4f:zww9 ,otosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensg4xt7z* f k v9efxs/6kity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur j, 6mkw6/xevm q, n+gdin the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following corrnu kthe0u d7(va5eu o0: t+px.s,ul2iectly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell re:u u2l+ te7vp uui0n,.hoa5e0sxtk(dspiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplata94mc y 0yka6nt with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent.8-whi xnbc-p reactions for photihcbw. 8-x-pn osynthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or respiraw s wgg4qn7fi+ s9xff1 )tz,8etion?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occ) *fbd ah7vg* y kkasa9e+k)1zurring in this light-independent reaction of photosynthesa)7hbva*+kzf1dk9 )* yeas kg is?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in 8h 7y66lpdj3tdlk(pv1 hh3ofthe production of reduced NADP apt3 y6ho7dfd6 kl(18hpv jl3hnd ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigme4vwa/lo 78aw3c*u gftaw,px7)t ayk5nts using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the s 4ta)ly* aa7w8 5a3ux fgtkpw7v/ow,colvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of cli3ydajlab- ,fh ,em *883fwqawmate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed -b a*l83, yd,e3j8awfqmhf w awas placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavel+bi8lwr9x+u( e43aizqfs+o- j g.9oc4c uhip engths of light that are absorbed and reflectizg9uicb(q9 xohlwsef84pc +4+ui +o .- jr3aed by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in thezwy. 1y+ve(vz/b qd5;tjdqv 0 g b8px4 presence of light. .ebqyvzvvq08tw/z+x p1;jgbddy 4 5(
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylacf;0pfm-) jk1at mctg(t4n 2/i uey4nkoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions ofce/fnc(;jf- nauim4t4 2t gt )0kyp1 m photosynthesis?

  What is the process that take6yw-p af 8yiq p:0yfx/s place before excited electrons are transferred from photosystey 8fiwfpqy0/: 6y a-pxm II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast yu +j.kto*r7 kp9nea3 does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylation9.oaukypr*nt7 3ke +j?

  Which products are formv (u-tr; 26scedd sqt)zlvqf927i l4yed at the end of the light-dependent and light-independent reactions? 4t uvlc;s(e 2tzr-f67d92)iqsyv dq l

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate phd.ek e cfp14/m 6hrt7dotosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work outp/4dd ceh.fkmtre 6 17 what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chloroplasttq40 )fdhsdyh p -:zz h.-mzo,.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosynthe aj 6yv:ak5.npsis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions+oxdh29c rn2i.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future razrvd2j4lxt6 u 5(2egztes of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experimentt 2vz64dl(u5gzx e 2jrs?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, ax,4adg go-+ic nd what form is it foun,idgo4-+ xcagd in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollgk0(:mpfz3)yz0q8qffbcb3 8xsz -t z ipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the k)zp f(3zcz sf:yxq008z-q8mgbt 3fb order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?