Which term describes the splitmxygs 9 xjpt739zw:cw8vz 2c7ting of water molecules in the presence of light to px7w m2csyw8pz7 :g9t 3x9czvjroduce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fi/lrd) z 4ho ;ohul+dv:6 hhb8zxation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect of tvp/8z,ukwg kn/0.o.v kp jh w+emperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Whw,gphk/ovkjnv w 8/+u. 0k.pzich of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X representn)d/ 1k2n8 gjb 6vknmj/s(z kp?

  The Hill reaction shows electo vey5rhl *:6v pr.m di+. pbpo(spz/3ron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used ivpb*+. o.5ihr3dvp r /lz m(sy: 6peopnstead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the follow0,6yy k tw2m:cbya +aking structures are found in the part ofta+k6 :0yyycm2a ,wkb a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of phoi 0a;k+li+gty tfaq48tosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of phg, 7hs(yjuh m94kqy350o(jdksw8 m dhotosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occurx uefptqyb:f1q *v-* 8 in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in p8oz 150ceeuea hotosynthesis and aerobic cela 8 u0eo5zce1el respiration?

Coleus blumei is an ha7.75nd8otjlgtxzw 8;t 0 gy attractive houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reacti2mfg2po h i osg,n/do4q3+h:nons for phot pho,+fo:sqdhi 3n/ 2nmg2 o4gosynthesis?

  Which of the following correctly dszb 4 5qbp(8yzescribes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent reaction of p:ykp miz 5 2nv.i3*jxuhotosynjp2vx ikiz.:yun* 3m5thesis?

  Which structure of the chld5op :u-hgviubu00+ aoroplast is most involved in the production of reducedi op+gv 00a5u:ub-udh NADP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of-y3 vxk*-au fu5a qti. photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TL- 53 u*y.kvfiux-a atqC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate of photosyntp*lwq0y.un m 0hesis, pondweed was placed in a number of s*myl0qn0p w. uealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelen(b0 9p.1;a6wpwbgjgzre j0 hfgths of light that are absorbed and reflehp.0 ;bw g(ebwr 9jp1a0 gjzf6cted by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a fsa0v9 n9xuqfz)7 fenn t+5 ,nprocess where carbon compounds are produced in the presence of l9, tnqff57efxvnna+z9 n )0suight.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton.fgvyj u4x.2qe d p:7w gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactipqd 7u: ev2.ywx.gj 4fons of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are tr:11 7gv3ozsq8jmwzi hansferred from p:soqhj3 g1izvm1z7w8 hotosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate u43f d0fi-hs4 iey97f ndb gns*ndergo carboxylations3 fyh0e 9sn4ng* dfd7biif -4?

  Which products are formed at the end ooh/ccyas)dh 9bk)n5 z54 n2gv f the light-dependent and light-independent4oachng z)bv/ c52hdk9yns5) reactions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be us ca1ftei* 0ta0ed to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in thacaitt e*100f e leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a;bt:sg9 ottffglw:/- tk4ly0 .u0c gy chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photab; sy, z2m2l z:*cukoosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions. 9a6sm7pcyd4r
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to prem;tf,v: ex-d agpq ;s3dict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experx-;vmate sg3p d:;q f,iments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is*zq o1*3dwwuv7;g vns it g d w*vovn*1q;s3wzu7 found in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that e6 q8e3sbo5*ssd rymb3nabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-qs3be m6ss5o r 8by3d*independent reactions of photosynthesis?