Which term describes the splitting of n2a f9ulvq x1gs o*c 559zn0njwater molecules in the presence of light to produce electrons,n 0na l1jf*9us n95gc5 ov2xqz hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during phoib4 snb8lq 07zvj0 xd3 ,x*3pf zty.mftosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experimentdz l)cau ko0bwq-47*l investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping d7kaocwl zqb) u04l*- a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent?qyhf(/x by5f4t7* c xm

  The Hill reaction shows elect(ll0ry. 7kg(( rlabrbron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthe .ry0abl7lrrblk ((g (sis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chhu89xv1 7fxww0/ xv yaloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are fou y80wfu9x7/xw xha1v vnd in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different tet7zqxusqt m:p)r, d-5 mperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intzcw 5xsv8zaz bu* :db a+0o7n7ensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occgchum7 c)e1 tzsr3k:31u+ql yur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows whereu 8jgy;qpp )j 8h)(odd chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis an;h )odj88j(qdgyp pu)d aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attra0,hbo bx yza4b ii/qti:3lm h4:q:i q+ctive houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen 2 ke4.eehxjzi r.;ply2*j1zx ions in the light-dependent reactions for photosynthesise2zl*e jikzh 4;ex.rpj y1x.2?

  Which of the following correctly u-z 4fertakb0)xjr9q d.sn 2, describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurringj eet11u0lkad7 7s ,vv in this light-independent reaction of photosynthes 71e 0 eku,ladj1v7svtis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in the production of reduc,al 8h5hnvgx)ft* en-ed NADP and ATP? v-gn8x h ,tahe*)fnl5

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments using the thidmrh1r d.azp y4d/:1r n-layer chromapm dyr1:.4 dh1rz dra/tography (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on t+; 4 9tjchhkes 2bx8zahe rate of photosynthe sjehta; c+8b9x hz24ksis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correctpeo.si7p +/ o x*l8z7d/vtnbl range of wavelengths of light that *b/ vdo.87oexisn+ l 7z/ plptare absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are producoztz el7 9384fso(g obed in the presence of light4g(ozoz lfe79 s83bto.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generao 3pj ,jslq2m+te a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent jpo m2 +j3slq,reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that ta:a;7uie*xwlfea0s 9 v/hw :lz kes place before excited electrons are transferred from photosystem II to photo9;l 70:wuvsae/f:h eaxiw*l z system I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate u5 c**f7y kr8fmxwqz v-ndergo carboxylatxvw c5*k 7- ff8ryzq*mion?

  Which products are formed atak,i km958ass the end of the light-dependent and light-independent reactam5,8akik s 9sions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetic pt uto:y mfg78qc; 6dft )xhh/.igments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present inxcfmth) t7t86dh/.y: ugfo q; the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrasxtiz) o3 - 2b1gchjig+rv vs i808:dpmtructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the 3w+de w7* kfozdfpu2 b:)r 1yaaction spectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration areq, kp;tbhc 5.l enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to prediqul t+) k;7*ipfu-ng34fehc ict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) -if)leknqcg4 huu3itf;p*+ 7 experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon di1ocf fy*2 e as4iaa/,doxide in photosystem II, and what form is it found / *2icesof 1af,d4aya in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment n0ejii 1qd)hv g7 n4/3.vzu xycrng3* that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reaihec g3037 uid14v*rvz)/q x .nj gnnyctions of photosynthesis?