Which term describes the spv53qo9wlm0zvyiu b*x4 ; ;ohclitting of water molecules in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydro3vuz*v45xi;h byq9w0mo co l;gen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is innk, j, n2opar6volved in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect of tempedcdud-p fz9xm gi:zkp4f/( xk b y1-5.rature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which o9y:mx15c(xgdkdz4zd bi f-p p-.f/k uf the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent gtnq pmfc*7g+5+o8e2-yij k1xlmb 8s?

  The Hill reaction shows electron tr ham58h1tz+kp mv9) oonnr)f4,n8y yjansfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. Whah1y 5om))pr nhjn o8tym 4k9nzaf8+v ,t is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloropz7w w 3m crr+l+;+mxbslast in a leaf.Which of the following+ lc37mr+;b+m rsw zwx structures are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different te/2f2gfx l4l4gd1moy nmperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the ratno58ncq *ac; -pugw xk.d 7mcfm3/l0le of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in they7*.xuxgeg , 7 lc82mhmg*jx i Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in p6wnpie h64j(+ur,ex ahotosynthesis andpx,ej(i h 4eru6a6nw+ aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with redkjuug4v bb d o9 n-1((s/bqt;q leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent s: )lbiip /c, 375bofuf ,elii9sq4ndreactions for photosynthe9bn5 quid c,s 7)3felisfioib,/4:pl sis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or respira, tnnhq1i/9im tion?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurriny*n 4hbujvh:l(a83p ig in this light-independent reaction of photosynthy8h4(viluab *n pj3 :hesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is o yc*-5y6 to+u km0*rufj.jifmost involved in the production of reduced NADP and ATP?mf6kyo +f. 5tu*ui *oyr-c jj0

The diagram shows thefyb jkub 4)z// separation of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromz)yjb4kf u /b/atography (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate of photosynts+t )wlal+- vshesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of wtas-++wls vl) ater and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct rnsvx *m igw3u9r.h. (sange of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll fms.*hxu9w g(3i r.snv or photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compoucitwae06ztv4:u u2hsg-1 7o/ i+ nzusnds are produced in the presence of light o+tssn4 za0h7vcuu/:-tgi2iuw6e1 z.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate 9;p-vxd vpeo+mkn c -((b3xrh a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of phoe-3c + nv xo((vkbxph9; mr-dptosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before 2 swf,coz3t ,z -( wh.wsl5bivexcited electrons are transferred from photosyszwf sb-2v.zc,i w (s ,hw5lto3tem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribu3 ug krb)tssye0/4pi1lose bisphosphate undergo carboxylatio4)yb31 sg k0ut speir/n?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-depen 8kh 9)/9ylcuopwscp6dent and light-independent reawkhpc9 olpysu6)c8 / 9ctions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetr bdp.m;k2+k6k3 5 fg mkhaec.ic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work oukh. acpk5kmm6 fbd; 3.2r+gekt what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chloroplast.b+re(3 0i* 2zfe59x kn1shbijhpjt. z

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action speczh8 1ywm*-5y5xvx jbm8 t(vt etrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catnmjfv475 ;1yp/ q+)unsa0k zhfm,hmf alysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are l/h tq* qdk(tiap )n+;used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed grpktnt d(;)qq*lia+h/eenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in piteei82h 3 :jphotosystem II, and what form is it found in?ti:i8he2pe 3j

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experimehf) 8a6n) t dgh6qb;ygnt that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions o hbtgydf)6;)86ah qgnf photosynthesis?