Which term describes the splitting*cv6 i lh:tk0f7pn9bj*ypo50ukmp; o of water molecules in the presence of light to produce e5koiy*09jph o0tnm6 7f* ;pkuvclp:blectrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in qj8+x1l nd q:bnzu+9 tbpqp- 0carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investih citl)fpdx (;h, 4)urgating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynti c,u)rf;pd4l)h xh (thesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represenns zgcme217 5it?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the1c7wwj n/31iviab d3e light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6w3jvd7b iic a13ew /n1-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which otxi:rvlthk : n, z,8/:ue 7easf the following structures are found in the part of a chloroplast labellzex8in:e:t:/7tsklr,a, hvu ed X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different temperatur 8gp8w oq5rbdz,u5j r0es.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effg1odp +fq*6pn ag (x9b ilo4u3ect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Ca5zmcuo (we 57jlvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctlyq p(0rm)mzzhmja3-o 4ege9f7 shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic c( 3ezap oemrmjg-z7 qhm0)94fell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with red leavesry dv w2 m.ky+(w)ap.f.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactpkf5x;su n5 ci dy9vd *vah74y-q;1goions for photvuav91 7yg*dp5dy ks-f5c 4ni; xo;qhosynthesis?

  Which of the following /ga4e,7hjyixhm4ilo 48ey k ; correctly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in tnfjd o:0p.q+(..vz hfjr,renhis light-independent reaction of photosynthesd+:nf,.qo j j0ver(. rzf.nphis?

  Which structure of the chlor g:bm n26*)d2j clngopd.d-dfoplast is most involved in the production of reduced NAonndclf2.b- d6pd m *d2jg)g:DP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments using the*eur2h)+md r uml4ki- thin-layer chrom4m+ -eudrkl*2i m)hur atography (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on thek5- z3xzh1ef2xllidxz(s y*7d c )h;g rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was plac;dh5)1 dxlz x7lhk* 3yzxfesc -gi2 z(ed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelki lf8y 2dq-;gengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for phot8y -lk2dfgq;iosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compo9q o n;zqk6-qtunds are produced in the presence of light.-q;zqoq 96tk n
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakcd7 y/u.qpi3 loid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photo i 73qyc/.lpdusynthesis?

  What is the process that xv/( rcspj kr:fsb(;3 takes place before excited electrons are transferred from photosysxrsr c bkj(:ps/(v3f ;tem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate under7 m5l.d a4oiaca;ph z0go carboxylation74z.m ldahapo5ia0; c ?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent and ligp, ash. f znm(;-;tvbkht-independent reactimv n;;t(bs ,kz.fah-pons?

  Thin-layer chromatogmi ,m 6cpszzy(m /e6i+raphy can be used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present ,mzyz+ime cpi(s 6 m/6in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the n*;zt*h3u+lwy ubz. iultrastructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photos na, g4le8oo0jt2sr ;xynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellul:rfskqd,,h5ma / b6qqar respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict r29yczikz 1 b(future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when z91k(yr2b ciz conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbx 23 .:ho 9zp h,quqxwgvjn7svg+ 1h0xon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is ghxhz+ up2.3q07 ohvwj,x 1vs9:qn gxit found in?

  What were the resultd/xl2 f2yg:w sv9mp+ys obtained from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine thy+pf :wdyl2/v s2 mg9xe order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?