Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence+ rebwb*s*ulqeh+ uq- *. upa6j9epj, of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ione-e9j*u.sq*b+ l*ppq+u, hjab erw6us and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is iw + ygxv/a(tl*nvolved in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the efj *v/ p au0 jr8cc)e+3:mmlhgvfect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value thr m8v/l*vumj) jc:+epgh03caroughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? ql0 xw(gemw 6xq* o)y.

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated o*xqqe7 5 9gll)(bsomchloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A b (meoqlq59gb xo*sl7 )lue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Wh* c2e-f 6 dmnlv.(xdzgich of the following structures are found in the part of a ch.-6 (dezfnx2vmc d*gl loroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthes)bb,l;o idz6fis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effectwj*r 3ia ap-cg g:61jkp4bwy/ of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occx) t8s:g ;at o*uej2pt3 eo 0biy)0fnyur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in pmw++ q fz s2( jx,wbp;tf5z4ivhotosynth+s(+pz 2,4wmw jxff 5 tbi;qzvesis and aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractof*-xldd+b qcv+;x c (ive houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source ozokjb:(1y28k +4 0oudo fbhn wf hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions for photosyoj+kudw(bzoy2 8h10no : 4f bknthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis *n8t zd)kk8 sbor respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-inr6*/(:6 x-pvcz x )vsehwpwnydependent reaction of photosvnhc v xx)-w(6s* /6pzypwr e:ynthesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in the production of rezv n -wx44jmn*(bb .saduced NADP and ATPnbx v.zna *(4mbw4-js?

The diagram shows th8bg7c. ;dpder odvt-+e separation of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) tecd b8 op7t drvgcd;.+-ehnique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate of-0 uc 6qz3lyv2cvc7ns photosynthesis, pondweed waquvzs0c 6 nc3v7yc-l2s placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct rang4wy kqy,1zt)2vsp(d 5 :nmmqte of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by ch)smy dw (, 52q41tv :mqtzykpnlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced ukqgt5 2-dg oks00axv62oh 0min the presence of liv0 qou22 -ghmkxoatgd605ks0 ght.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane mi6,bd icz./9du.o4c jmfgp) in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesi9bdfc dmic/6jp,g4)m uo iz. .s?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are tqv8mpir*4s5v h(.r qwransferred from photosystem II to photv45pqmvr s qr( wi.h8*osystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo ca4s8-+k xv pvagrboxylation sv-vpk +48xga?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent and leer5/ex9agy8 ight-independent95ey/x rag8ee reactions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosy 6yp zq9j5me2y .lz,mlnthetic pigments. Below i e j5lz2,6y.mlmpy9zqs a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a ce fl1 ,d z13 svz -6*u*2wqtfekms0gkrhloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for phot.fq;f:ju()v *je7l o2uqmu ltosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respikg8z 3t5c9o f.jjnv3* d x3zrsration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future rates of photbh / 1(rjnihc/osynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon d1h/c(h/ rib njioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and wh ip7s1jnhw(6w(ew3 ja at form is iw(6jshe aj wi7(wnp13t found in?

  What were the results obtained from the l*+s bktq3hwk3 ua8s 1uollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the lig+ *3tb8uh qusk13akwsht-independent reactions of photosynthesis?