Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presencw -ue*6( rkwx+d( cfvje of light to produce electrons, hydrogen*vef (dj+( kwc6xr- uw ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation dua17;yx )fp,0mm0o 5bcgsh erering photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the ef0 nku,q9xm1e7u dcr/mc9m5 2sbdn il0fect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variab5u7 /m c9drml 91d0xqi0bmnuc2,nsekle at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X representq o130bgb mns(?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated ttym *.(lgov9; ep5u nchloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A g p ly;to9.uemn *v5(tblue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a z8j xe(4 ,axyj1bg ,kfchloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in jfke4,a8x,b1z gjyx (the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate oeah+f1b*av+ m f photosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosyntheib+vviw3;e 56if k)g tsis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occzhw6d z3nv(izu,-8 jeur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosp*+3ukdp/3 ik( iatgnp 6ijr9is takes place in photosynthesis9kuj6n(+t i rkd p*3p/ga ii3p and aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive htiyiqcni o; 3/:r-5iyh4vs ; wouseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions forkbj 4).;szd quwuo/rb( *zm3sj;7fo ul/jn: w photosyntz(;q w )3 .jbwfso:jzub/lrdjn*su7uo /m4k ;hesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes 9xsqbv .n 9(xpafbfm-0;, zxlphotosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent reaction of pmi a6 63os48 p(bs38lnbr p e)p(quebehotosynthesis?e sq8 n bp m64a)opu(lep6b(3 i83ebsr

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in tbhjqj+ e 62hbmjo ;yqmv23uso00,ps.he production of reduced NADP a6e0m0y23hb j j+sbsoohq ; p vqj,2m.und ATP?

The diagram shows the separation2)( hummraow- of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC2- mo)ha r(umw) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impr8r ksqwsha,;;u8)/ pv b,6jo3zova xacts of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water andz r v;hv8p axo), ,a8bk36q su;wr/jos carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavelengths of lighr k706u 2/sh7;rg s kvr*nllrct that are absorbed anr;sugrn7s6r lk2*lh /c0v7krd reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon co8crs0 p xhi1zld : ,be55cvc7nmpounds are produced in the presence of hspcx80d b5ce,5n1 rc vzi7l:light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generateqjja6bp 6z ppi0,t71k a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-depenpp k,06761qaji zbjpt dent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are transferred w5ap- 4 fg rhw6+4islzl8jg)mfrom photosystem II to pho5agrh8w 4j+gllmpw 46si-z)f tosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulua8)7is ;bazyw* tqa/ ose bisphosphate undergo carboxylatioi*aaq87u zs);/b wy tan?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent an t*d9 wf+shr)rh3ea6 f- pvr2fd light-independent reactf*+23ad)strw fvr e 6p-9hfrhions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be uaprk 1o,qtf 0 ln3 5, i0zbwrguiza:+/4cl,sssed to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way./pr rw,q5s0:gka13 lafu,z tn 4+i,biclso 0z Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows th+n* rj9mdgbkvtq 0a26 e ultrastructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectj) sijvwsi5-*rum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalys86 oe) p(v ko:ha7whg 40fdebged reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are c b010mutgj6gused to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse expjc 0 61g0gmbtueriments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the .+rkr 4r bbm8nrole of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it found irn8r mk.+4bbrn?

  What were the results obtained hbq50 uo2nrm 2from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reaction0bo u2q r5m2hns of photosynthesis?