Which term describes the splitting of water q4)aleiy- fo6 m8r-zfm+)k pymolecules in the presence of light toar8m+6pff 4-y- k)zmelioyq ) produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation durinqonrf7/kl 9 t;g photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect of te t l7u gj+fasf(2( fnq389yhjymperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout tj3 y8y lff(nfu( 92j7agqsth+his particular experiment?

  What does X represenu n)ku0s xrvb4/.e(a7dcme h)t?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for th 01l8ugk. opxlvuu4b7e light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye,gvok8 l41bu lpxu7u.0 DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the fb*v6ifr xjq*a/i(h9sollowing structures are found *fibriqjx 9/a*6vs( hin the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis atz 8w+*.me drmc different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the e 0piz4aws o-l*ffect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur cz2cc fl: 3:ut-h ,oyt/byq d6in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis .6uc0.jych kntakes place in photosynthesnkh6j y c0u..cis and aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with red leavelyr.u ,) *7nlw0kubm+ommdi6s.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main sour,/(9sb sxm 0yon) tzvwce of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions for photosynthesis?t)wsx/9o, mn0bs ( yzv

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis ori:7q i.pi z*pkgna: 7e respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent reaction odocyqhm b3:+dw2524x py2jmgd b (:iaf photosyn+bd2ah2id5(b:d py 4y2om :q3gwxmc jthesis?

  Which structure of the 3:1odjj;hfn tchloroplast is most involved in the production of reducedfj 1h:3t;o njd NADP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separatq9+ bjb1j,4 jk:u1lm glpzzit )7vlo3ion of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) techni7bg iulmb oz )jp3v,j kjt:19+4zlq l1que in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate chqyy. 53ysg5hlange on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a num5syg .hyq 35lyber of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range ofv.plnwcqc .*; wavelengths of light thatc l wn;q.*v.pc are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compou*n/2,j3 hb o(k5wqbn fd2ds ):(q(pwd gb zzhunds are produced in the presence ofqb:5hd(kwzb gq(w f*h u2o3p z/n2)dsd(, jn b light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in vdzv .gwu3(c*the light-dependentcdv(w3 z.*vgu reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before euc.0b.. uqgndxcited electrons are transferred from p0uu.gdbc. .qnhotosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloro h*yvu m1dz :j.+pfy3xplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxy1h.*+mp u:yd3yx fj zvlation?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent gra:l z dim0f6k4;5phand light-independentm 0kid :a;rh4pfgz6l5 reactions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be rexgz v7r jn x3r6+*)zused to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram shvr+z) 7 zgexx*r3r jn6owing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructurkf6x 00a ey awo616uhhe of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photo gz vk7)eh(u8da(k ku) qwnz5)v6 y,ifsynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactio rv.e1tx2mv)l dnq8bsmk mx6;m-78 sg ns.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict xv )2xr aaf9heai/x 38future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse expx8i 3)vra xa x2hfae9/eriments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the rov dw6 l6un3dsgy2*7kc le of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it found gk*yuvdl w3d 7 662scnin?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experimyy xc*z)as xvc1o6t s7+f*g s j3,s,7m4yoghtent that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-is34yomzjy cg1+o,x)xs tf7y*ga 6s t hc, 7vs*ndependent reactions of photosynthesis?