Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence o)ax6q0m mb+ esf light to produce electrons, hydrm x eaqsb0+)m6ogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during photosyn y*3;kgf99he+knbn nl o bmm24thesis?

  The diagram below shows mf9 .s+p*xpyz53 bk/v+bqspq an experiment investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particbv*3 9k/.+f5qsyzpp s xb q+pmular experiment?

  What does X represen6 5n;mlsu6 )bwurrv4jt?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chlor:9f18k 09qcz yc0dw(r:w4lygx lelkioplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is i x 9 r0zwkl4ye9wl1:fc0(d:8qky lgcthe final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shaj372 fkin r*hows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following strk 2af*3ji nh7ructures are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthes6)l59ioz ooi z)b lsvf/wk+kt5 6v, ywis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis9ou *l2yqa *ez.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calr2vw9* (z:j lp :klxdcvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following colwh34 :drqbn 2rrectly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell rndb 423: rhqwlespiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractivmp:;lkmg axddly 5ov 5 s:s-1ls5i9fgh)6 h 3ue houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light--o 7 j) 4fk8 (onma6-drat+yqedwrhm.dependent reactions for photosynthes.ay7m(r )8r de mqnkoo4+a-jt fd6wh-is?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or respirlz,enqb1g, ll9ge-ik//os b8 ation?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent reactiofzxh7;;j z+m wn of photosynthw7;zhmz xf; j+esis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in the production of redug3-79q j msuo0go4i snced NAqi 0ogumg3-s9s4j no7DP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separati+ *ad-eegnz0qin(ad6 on of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone. d e zg-q*e0dan(n6ia+

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate of dn ocitss 3i/9.dh*v +photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of seal.+ovsi* sintdd3c 9h/ed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum repaxsd7s3 2gu8.h9 dxn tresents the correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected byu. n dh2ag7std8 xx9s3 chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in the presence amw;vczob,j7 k.c0 +iaw0d; s o sow;bjmacv0c.a+0,i kz;d 7w f light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane isxp, jpzr /fk/imaw :8; aj+k;n the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?ajk8, w+ /kfpx;:ajzir/m; p s

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are transfh ;a3lo:a3(cpbfxc:p,dwme yz-6d k5 erred from photosystem II to photosystem z6c(wb;ay edh c5mp: 3-d pk:ofal3,xI?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphater(p+cb+s/o;fkm peh; .iedl + undergo carboxylation?c+i (h+r/ kpf.; dpe;+bemols

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-depen p6ebzcy7eva7ec5edw-9(p(r dent and light-independent reactionsedew cp ry5e((ezba6-p 97 7vc?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetic pi qk(ya xzk.2+pgments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present q pkyx(+a2 k.zin the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure /9 tk o+.);afe1a2mmtslr ) hf tl(cqbof a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the actionh:/m b4 um/uwpj,47 7x krgevu spectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzy1nc 38 fjnmmr.me-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future rates ofqira-a9hd(1+29t *c lzvbq nu w xht,( photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is a-qq1 2+nw(vubr9h9*atcdat xi (zhl ,n advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what,/iwmhk5 s llwo u(0bd1m;f8p form is it found in?; m/ms 8uhw0wl ,k1bfio lpd5(

  What were the results obtained from the lollipsys7 *w7nv2 ui )6prpyop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactio6*pv)7 r 2spiyw7s uynns of photosynthesis?