Which term describes the splitting of water molecules 2asf, oifr7e vtm+ve )d) ya-8in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydmrf 2 a+)se8fy-dvt)v,oi 7a erogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is in+ -g(ps t* zt:h eiu2sv/ly-(iyvy9cm volved in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigatiilji.772hk ,/kcjx52 s go9znlmitn4 ng the effect of temperature on the rate of photos ,xhn /i2kill297nm .t5g sc7ij o4kjzynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent?y zgk3m;ff+6n

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloropcjewav 4l,3zu9e4y+o 80l0yp:xvqn ham;/ f ilasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is te3nu 0jllx wa4fc;0 va ph,8vyqizem/:4 + 9yohe final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chlorope. ux5 n 97epm/tph 8g9gv*eznyaq56klast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the parva58htqpe9gngu*xm6k.7 ez5e y/ p9n t of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different temperaturessu.s :/c0 eeivz mb1-u.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect (/ -r,myetg9dkg *udh of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes ozp5a 4vwlo-2 mdg6m 7xccur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the followi .q)gq) 3uz kqgl(c4jxng correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell rq)z.jg )xqgkul3c4 q(espiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractivedwq )6gbhy)zf, 1sln 3uat;k+ houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen iopns 71r un 3zi6zjxe5l 0hx1(vns in the light-dependent reactions for photosynthesi 1 n1jepznx3( 6rxhi07zu5slvs?

  Which of the following correctly describesisna +eo2g 1whj/w,xa7q s-2o photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring3*+vap n bty:z7(q8fm j epo-m in this light-independent reaction of photosynthesis?e- :o+ 7q3j(mtypfva p*bn z8m

  Which structure of the--y.h;nk mzu7o oxb6nfniuh.5x, av5 chloroplast is most involved in the production of reduced NAoizf k5 -5.nu 6 oyux-x7,vn;hnba.mhDP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-luzjv4 0vgb3ud /fe8n1ayer chromatography (TLC) techni1 n4gb3v8efvud/zuj0que in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation in6 69b/*p3khuwbuchmzhd 1:x kto the impacts of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed wak3uxhp *9hdw6:zk bc/6 b muh1s placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum reprvyt/r1r*dg q hg+n+ t/esents the correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesi*/ggtq+t+r/vyh r1nd s?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compouk8u 5e bdey.o7nds are produced in the presence of ligd7o 85kb. eyueht.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton grad) c r-l p0drtmt+li3z0ient across the thylakoid membrane in the ligh+ d 0z p)r0tit-llr3mct-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that tig/: 3xil0tkavxouq 02;y tt0akes place before excited electrons are transferred from photosystem II to photosystem I?t:/00qxk;2 l t t0 iiauxvyog3

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo 3 jyo gyeahj r84-1swyn8iq2;*m rpn7carboxylatiosw7 3a-j*h i go1jy8 4r8;nqeypr2ynmn?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent qk:k5j vn 9; zsbz(ft-and light-independent react vq9zf;-bs nztj(k:5k ions?

  Thin-layer chromatography cc .z9),vvmqf gan be used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used t)zgv9v.c q m,fo work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a:-/lx rrqmu zum,+ist2 2g pa6 chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the actipp 2f,9 n-hyd-xsv 3tson spectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellularl0,/oiysa-s v respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predir9 w)b2 jto*tmo- af*trb) a+fct future rates of photosyntheso)fa9f* ttom-bw rb*jtra+2 )is and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxid-amccdb p .:u;e in photosystem II, and what form is it fou:cpd-uac. ;m bnd in?

  What were the results4vxgpz ;i mr;u0a n*la3tr/9 x obtained from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determin; xagup9zl xr;v0i/3anmt 4 *re the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?