Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence oh4,v )n7yk oj0pfrlf: f light to produ)yvfo,h 0l kp4rjn 7f:ce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during /+kb5j 3le2p pbze4gaphotosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment inpf xxb-q zmm* )cf/u94 yx*.wc;xtwx*vestigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photospz4q * fxx)/cx m.w;yucm* xw- bx9t*fynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent?qwf vc31f8 vl:wu+w 2s

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated ch1 ug:o) ho;:cb(mq plwloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron accept(gw:p) uo;h bl:m1coqor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below showsg:vp7hp p i8ip30dy dy)4rxde* s8go - part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part hxp ig8sgd)p0:i4e8 yrdopd-v3 *7ypof a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate o2f8koqfazsdt )w g:*if -h0epl56:b.mn/x xhf photosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on t/ecesiaiw8 3x)c1n .xhe rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calvl tz;nq-y 7 o.ccuep37in cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shx9 xm; bo6np)nkjj7z :ows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell respimx )nbxnkp 69o :7jz;jration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant wio+)jt)k0 p usoth red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions inbeoo:4n /usx2 the light-dependent reactions for photosynthesis?4 s:ux2be/oon

  Which of the following correctly describes quv*v65q 6vg-d:: ykj gogi7n48pzzum z5c)s photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurrins+1a ;z5dyb, sm8ym,v kvz-xlg in this light-independent reaction of photosynthys +mz,;sv8vk15l-,my badxz esis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in the c2*a a2dl)kmv0 dzld9production of reduced NADam0vlz9c * d22l)ddka P and ATP?

The diagram shows thydcor*04 5-;t q te)x7 lxznpve separation of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatog)pxqt t4vx;zncdy*-o 05elr7raphy (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rateop0e4xsr; i:e)ev2mx*vxb u/*qaf2j of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a n)qeuiej2 rva p* 0evx f*b2/4 xms:;oxumber of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range ol2ucm, rpkqtv cj00x 4;.hk .pf wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll fo utmp0 j2r;. vklkc.c4q,p0hxr photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced mjn 20dvrk;,iin the presence of light. jm;k2n,v d r0i
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient*lr qg 6-ozhk/ t,mj6c across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reac6 oktjg/mlh6-rc* zq,tions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before 3a7t: n0pvmr.+mse 64w j/ydihma dh 1excited electrons are transferred from pah4+ dsijmr6en m:0 .dypt37/1wv m hahotosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the cv, tr8xa gi*/xhloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylat, a8ivx*rxt/ gion?

  Which products are formed at the end oegr je kjbm1q. l8iomq(1 7u69f the light-dependent and light-independenb6 lq em (jkr1eq9ioj1u.7g8m t reactions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separatg/ 8;ps mtitpu f+ej/(e photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values atpj(/uf epsm;8 +ti/gre used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below showsi8k7;,spo 7v+,wbnb0za; xey8oej l4ava4 nl the ultrastructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectr,/+ikbntj bs9 8q7/im bc9fcrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiratp,d0vcidvp73h/leb i0( 8wxsion are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future rates ;refz4a*cgk6 q*q8dbof photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conductin aq;* keq8r*4zd 6cbfgg carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon mt* l/yjf;i,*hg) nfi gcil3o n(ws(- dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it found mhfs oiw ni,y3fcl(t* l) ;/j-i*n(ggin?

  What were the results obtain+k8sol..3ajh f7afx tmo: 7peed from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determif8 o.7h3alpfo.ex:7atk sm +jne the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?