Which term describes thlt 39w)xr) w2g dah1uee splitting of water molecules in the presence of light to produce electrons, hdgt3uah1xw ) 9 rwle)2ydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved ifzs6x p5ak(cn(jnlmdd k..3b:e 7iy:n carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below showr xachz ;v+; (4lvg eo4mc;r1vs an experiment investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a convc va cv4;rx ge(1z hm;lr4o+;trolled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represenkwysoq: 9jk86 km0a z2;ww/yft?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the lig7yfsnij0x6x uagxgc+o)w8,. yb 7g: ght-depeyn)g aixfu.c80oy:wj6 , xbggg7x7+ sndent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a rpurp3p, tm dqn;i+l p*+j,o6r v2o7lchloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part of a chloroplilu 7 p,opq+2mln+*ort,vpjp3r ; rd 6ast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rateyh,1qwt)bo7uz x7pi ) of photosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light inten7uzp vo/t z4r+sity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occul1pg5 0,wv502kl6 r(xtdmbse q km st7r in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemig- jkg t (fp/xdx xw*o4a7p8)dosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell respirax 8/pf*4jw- dxpd)7 xkg go(tation?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant with red 3ih7 v6 ./me+iqa yfdwleaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions inx9if14ld*1vxram/ n i the light-dependent reactions for phovi* d/941 ma1ilnxrfxtosynthesis?

  Which of the following correctl( y9yxxb mmy tf(v(3-cy describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this lightm12,a i9heicbdk 25vt-independent reaction of photosynthesis? m12cd beiv, aikt95 2h

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involm)mhbrl38 ;hzwa zq6+ved in the production of reduced NADP ; qr6)+hab8mm 3zwzhl and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of phoev1 ,2o cd1dvotosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.d1oe v ocd,v12

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on ygzwmrqkc3(+8 ;+rq 8/t wgn fthe rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each c k(8zywm ;nq/r+ct38wqgf +gr ontaining a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the cor 1 v8f4gejrr2orect range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosyrg1vo2j4f 8renthesis?

Photosynthesis is a proceswc3p5jn va,msgs1q+ + s where carbon compounds are produced in the presence of light 3vwn+ j+ p1s,mcgas5q.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membranqde6e-a :).md6ex 9ep jux hb,a1cpo, e in the light-dh 6a d:)6bo,xeqjaec,epeu1.9d x -pmependent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that hk 7b2 *0v 6behpkm,qytakes place before excited electrons are transferred from photosek6ybh7 b 2pvkm0*q,h ystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo9rk( jhn 1vnh1j8w 6az carboxylationvj8 (wka6rj1 hzn9n1h?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependets:h6 rr8,u m36 3 zrosd4arzynt and light-independent y,a3zomrs3 st:8 6udhzr 6rr4 reactions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be:n-nrxkc*n r :t f )asm4yk)n) used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present inn ky:-) n*x4kc:fatmsnnrr) ) the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure o,9y+2cp sktfu f a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action s:ae.i *ai5-jup p5jhl pectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respirati xualcv;mt7hyqk0t.0 6di l)2 on are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to pre3i*qxdfrfo )ot ,nb lq2e8)2z dict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experirqlnx2d)z3 q8f*to2f iob e,)ments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and whzo3hd8p c6b(1:yv8uxlc u d :hat form is z8o::8 p3(yc16uldhx dhcvbu it found in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that enabled*+c8qtnh lp5i*:v oul Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reaction *:t*5v8pnu+ihql olc s of photosynthesis?