Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the prevc;lz/.cyz n ,sence of light to produce electrons, hyd,z/c ny;lzc .vrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixationjq5 .7x.cjyids4a/vn j8.5ul ar-erq during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating the effect of temperature f9 s+v hu:dr10u(e1kyo3kcf w on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?(0 v+e1ocw1k:dfkfr3h u9s yu

  What does X represent? e(yme5h: s e;6mk+;6hpu gbwk

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for thecq t t;*gg(f(m,dvdi / light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor ingtti( (d qfgv,d /*c;m photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the fos64jesqe; x+ 8z 5tc(h-onyjullowing structures are found in the part of a chl-5t ysh eneq (8usjzo6cx;4+ joroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different temvg+bm, cg x08n,e+k gkperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rat 9veos(g dpj62e of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calvin c7 ,lre6ky: +badu0ehdycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemio-q,srv6nh*u)qy g 6mi4 j d0gasmosis takes place in photosynthesis aqj*m6 h -g,4n s)gydri6q0avund aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive q xyn)2gul )j.c14 mgbxm3w-vhouseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependenhmopm/83n v5f .5pk oat reactions for photosyntmh a/ k8omv5o 5pf3np.hesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or dwt-d)e7i; zv respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independs7 uw jx5 r/tdbd9s4/vq8lri;m s,da4ent reaction of photosy sa/ mvq 4rsi5xbwu r7 d,;s8j/t4ddl9nthesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved inu6 eaq w wglh q0bfs;:e3 l)-jv3wp*h5 the production of reduced NADP an hsj3v-g3:w pl)l0fqbee5 wwhuq6;*ad ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetn .x/k yieit2 al*13ignc2r-mkl7 ke6ic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the solvent proi mr ng6/1k*2kc-et3 2yin. ax i7ekllpanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the imptgbjy,tu)zu..fkw l++,3uq x acts of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of wattultg +,j.3u+ )bz quwx.yf,ker and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the c3cz bn:m57o tworrect range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected b 3b7tm:oz ncw5y chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in the prese +kst+q 1ue )qdqdby dz ,zj7/sxlb7)0nce of light. ) +k0)tdd17l/squ7dej,zs z+bybqxq
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient acrobqa nq1q ;1pr fuw9j/rym2 26dss the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photos rqqua/wbnr p 9d6qf;y1212jmynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excit r(+myc5yf uw,ed electrons are transferred fr (w ,f+yc5ryumom photosystem II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does r1i * 5ou5uohnoibulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylatinu* 1 ooo5uh5ion?

  Which products are form7k;j pq3i,5r n eyqb enq13d0qed at the end of the light-dependent and light-independentd j50 nqeib,1e3rpnqq7ky3; q reactions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate phw7.rjequ 8sc+btom 1 byc0orhcf+ 4m 80h: wz+otosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work ooh+0y87 ht4 zco0 8wbf mu1j+ qbs+ er:cw.rcmut what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chloroplast. 14udi 7n g6gtbz )e;wn

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosynthesis. s3orij4u4 a3po yiqgd/.i x997y sis6

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and ce6muqe,0mwph aq 7:kl1llular respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future rates o)kak204e tbzolyyo:)( 5 kma xf photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrixy5y:4lmb) (0 oozkaatk 2ke)chment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II,n5k6errksx :ol ey)z;+ f) :ai and what form is it found:+krikn) 5a:o;) 6 feezryl xs in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment-*bw0;zp0bj +tip vsu that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reacvjp;tp 0b0zu+bs*i -wtions of photosynthesis?