Which term describes the splitting of water molecules *nkh4n i*. fse+wozt* in the presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecul*i. + ht4e*snkwo*nfz es?

  Which of the following is involved in jf h-h :-dv:exf9tjt;carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating thevur(p. h ib;k:fumm(1.(c .+ fbeep9cp w sun. effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a meth.e pcnfv.(( ure b;bfs.u+pp h ik:mmw1c.(9uod of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? ka2/k gdjf(y:

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chlorw4ps7v9 c(zmv +lf6g doplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the ficfdl zm9v( ws64+pv7g nal electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which oa0nx98 5dj 5m5jx;euigu0r blf the following structures are found in the part njie5bl 58;g xuda j59rm0ux0 of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis9ar9 b 4s9czjw at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rat+ apmxk pffp-b 9cm0kfrd4dn*w 2n .07e of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processroa/oqyz d6x*53pt/su 5 oo,bes occur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place k7 k;msm5enb5in photosynthesis m e;smb7 5kn5kand aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attrlli 8 q5v0(4 tjd+je zb8lm)adactive houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactionskroxj4:ak cm7,m8uh( for photosynthr o 87(j,k:amkmx4cuhesis?

  Which of the following corrkvw1c5 l icr)7ectly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring3jp:r78klq:fv3i m rkwz 4d0d in this light-independent reaction of photosynthe rkzr:33wq4 7djm fpd8l:v0iksis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast b1w 5s.dk;mmris most involved in the production of reduced NADP a 5 .ws1rbmkm;dnd ATP?

The diagram shows the separao fh8m/*agi61(e tf- pwus-tx tion of photosynthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatog fttewm68p( au-o/sf1*x hi-graphy (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate chaj)rix ,j4o8rn-zm 4u hnge on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carboi48u)mzojh r,x njr- 4nic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the cojrl:(44-emu j4dtt pe rrect range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed- 4jmj4lttpe4u (:der and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are produced in the presence0:nl geeo* ur) of)e nrg elu*0o: light.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the hiu2+ e*vpz9 r pwqaq ,fo8-l5thylakoid membrane in the l- 9lz8+fqw2hip *v aeo5qu,pright-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excite6yrldvqq8 a quk *n8*/d electrons are transferred from photosystem II to photosystem I?6 yla/8 q*u8 d*qknvqr

  In which structure of the chlorpx-296jwl,lqu- qabs oplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylati96j plxa,q s ul-w2q-bon?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent and lighu v/dc )i) f .ajsxi:adxzp;u1ta(2)ft-independent rzca;u/x suv)fxi2: iptd).(a jd1 af)eactions?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthet.qcq 88pygil)*a6 yvjsqf), jic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments i)8jcyqqa, *vjs l).86 ipgyqf n this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chlou0 ;2ei quw7msroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for phogr8b2o(f fj s n1w1nx4tosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enz-xt 7 qmu22(ie36l z+ey pryqcyme-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are uc,s*ni qb 7*wqsed to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) q7bwsn,*ic *qexperiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what f*r44tvcpiwd n:o,y 0m orm is it found t0ywov n4*ci4 d p:m,rin?

  What were the results obtai hhyup2uc5(by df,++n ned from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions of photos y uf,yh+2 (5nhup+cdbynthesis?