Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence o:jpw-t/ *j 94qrng8ud) /nlhvx svb2ff light to produce elect84r: st-vjuf nn)h b*pq9jvl2/dgx/wrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during photosygql i* a(tt*2n, rogci0)r uu+nthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating thw/ ;rqd,4x 6 5nhryuvqe effect of temperature on the rate,/ r5d6xhr;wnuv4q yq of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent miv1;da6t6 lvw1qhr; ?

  The Hill reaction shows electrowir4m 2kb v,7on transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the4mw2,rb kv i7o natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which ogi*hdeo6 vq 6.f the following structures are fd6.q6 i *vghoeound in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosexced0(x a97l ynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity 6b4/ia/xy i9hzb j+doon the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes ocgf6 w3/e4v.bvpr ugmg,k m* :rcur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where p+py 9zax)q/gchemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobicxgapy )9/z+ pq cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive .elo 46l;1bkoqp 4n jyhouseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-depend cod-(i0t2w 5pm 7v obeg+f h3kwz)8cment reactions for photosynthec 2f0 dk-w+87omze(cv mtbwp i5 hg3o)sis?

  Which of the following correctly des3x (m +;wmy/0wy9s sum67b ixcyck*tecribes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this lighk. ubzk*4f wr3dmdp(- 3ncxq;t-independent reaction of photosynth3 xfr* dd4pzm;nu3b-q.k( wk cesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most invwt7t 5f1,df 8 ygqg,ovolved in the production of reduced5fg, wqg,fo78t 1vdyt NADP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthdwlf68 +3xe4 fo+lbdd ,3kf ywetic pigments using the thin-layer chrom,y6fl lw+w+8d de 34df 3xbfkoatography (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate of zoe*3u-5pbqi5u r ic 9photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water andp9z3u-u iecqri*5 o5 b carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum repqmjje pe34+m:8qorexjs+ 5 h 0resents the correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected b: r3eoe m0q++qhsj8 jej 45xmpy chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process o soe)(p6+jtf where carbon compounds are produced in the presence of ligotoe j(+)6s fpht.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradiet 8xv+(..pye)wvf5 pdys y(y tnt across the thylakoid membrane in the light-d5(wy .e 8d(pypyxtvs .tyv )f+ependent reactions of photosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are trau4 irh 1hv1+tqdz(h4 bnsferred from photosystem + zh ut41 1ibvqhh4dr(II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of 2+gn o4lnrl4j;; mjlxthe chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylatiolr4l jnx2+gn mlj4o;;n?

  Which products are formed at the end of the li;0kysy5c n c vs9/dwz,ght-dependent and light-independent reac,dywckssy n 05z ;v/9ctions?

  Thin-layer chromatogh7 6i6h zci+jkraphy can be used to separate photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigm zkhi7j+6c6i hents are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chloroplas9k 0i dr/mbd ipw*9k,gt.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosynthesis.ikrgnj 6,p())zrgj 7w2kis8y

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactiowi5l7p 4dpt y77:qxi fns.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict fxbv- xxf9q 8mnbn9 i--uture rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conductinq-bm-xn x9b9v-nxf i8 g carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbonwxv6fd-r8 k es+g882xxz rjv/9p l7s j dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it found 9ljjv8k+pf8 6xsrw-ers/ zg7vx2 8dx in?

  What were the result3 heg*bdp x* mpp(gb2/s obtained from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-indep3ppp h gg*e*b2(xb/md endent reactions of photosynthesis?