Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence g40,1hntsz e+0a;x f4 nevhswof light to produce electrons, h n0g 0 h+h;va4z exs,4ntse1fwydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during p y m1oz(nzd8m. ji/6gdhotosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating gk -luikbd24a5-g 5udthe effect of temperature on the rate of photosynk ab u5-4d-ku2gdl 5githesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent2ubk-3waai rm*jmyy24 66xvc?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloropl4kw8pwb b c:v/asts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead ofw4wv8kcb p:b / the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a l z)u h0liakuib0 m) s(ud26v91nnr0ceeaf.Which of the following structures are found in the pa nuii1u9nvc(0al )6e)0 hmbudr2sk0 zrt of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different tempe1s1bbxcwy20lct4yf /ku: u5 z ratures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of lip68-my xcw+vr ght intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in tbkz 1yu/j -7yc h99qjmhe Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctl*gjl0:uls*gy agyk,i: 9a2 pmy shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic ce0l ug,aysy:ij 2ap l*mkg:9*gll respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive houseplant on kucx3x176hwith red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions fo(id 3*.fp:rh bw)yj ezr photos*rwb.fzijpe(: ) hd3 yynthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesise2sao 84x zvx83urv gn:d5;vc or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-indepeki3hy(1, dj a*crpsk1ndent reaction of photosynthesij(ca yr ,1hs*dpki13ks?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most inpx ddrpfi:7m b5vn07 3volved in the production of reduced NADpf5 p7 :b3dxv0im rd7nP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic pigments usi;t()cp hgf 95izsfq. ung the thin-layer chromatographht f; .c)5sg ifuq(9pzy (TLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation int+g p-mgl,c k5to the impacts of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, gcm,gp+t5 -lkeach containing a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum representy3 rqcacu o+p,d/z9t .np x:2ms the correct range of wavelengths of light that are aq+a3:mrc nopxt .zu2d9/ ,cy pbsorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds are protw*)ga6t v-tn7xet * ipmtfw( fx(/0t duced in the presence of lifin (w te7-)(t0 fx*g6xpvwtm/a t*t tght.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to gene*r-lcwg oyql7 xs;g 8+pcw*u*rate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photosync+ow**8;ul*7gcq-rp xs g wylthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electrons are trazmr-u(ek a;epi7w-ksxeay ;i 2+ in :6;6cbuc nsferred from photosystem II toxras+ cp -ka6y7( 2u:e kme;wbu n;6i;ecizi- photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo c4erw(tn5rapioi- a- 9fh7 (fyarboxylah fre4on(r7f-a y wa iti5-(9ption?

  Which products are formed at the end of rzj yk1pen(4cj+ b-/ jthe light-dependent and light-independent reactio4zjy-cb+ k(e1/jn prj ns?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate pfad5-udz i8u3 hotosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are usd5a8fzu3i d-ued to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chloroplast: j jfc5tjyp)8b yfo5..

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosynthek eefa1si0q 2:6nxj93nabbe( sis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalc* s26yo6 qad-rf gpu,ysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future rates of pwd9wlc kdwp4)- pt2 g6hotosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbonlc kd gw 6-)ppwt92dw4 dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role 7xbe.ft+ ,;9xmk;cd(cik. q lovcv :aof carbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form isbv :c; odfak ci.7k +(xc.em9vlxq ,t; it found in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that enabled Cqkgzg8seo (;wx,6 33up5mfrfk7 w j8ialvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?83(mgfuws f7rp; 3xwoz q5g6 i,ejkk8