The three common phases of matter aon9* 1zbo*l2 (a8qfta+jw7 t *tvqaa xre

  Density is

  Substance A has a density of 3z ,hhklr+s4z imp ,(7vxxavq 0jz.7l $3.0 \; g/cm^{3}$ and substance B has a density of $4.0 \; g/cm^{3}$. In order to obtain equal masses of these two substances, the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B will be equal to

  Pressure is

  Which of the followingpm/ -85hknf ww is not a unit of pressure?

  Consider three drinking glasses. /mhhvu 3- lk8hAll three have the same area base, and all three are filled to the same depth with water. Glass A is cylindrical. Glass B is wider at the top than at the bottom, and so holds more water than A. Glass C is narrower at the top than at the bottom, and so holds less water than A. Which glass has the greatest liquid pressure at the bott 8h3lvk/mhu-h om?

  What is the difference between the pressures inside and outside a tiregizb m5hu-n+- called?

  When atmospheric pressure changes, what happens to;k0uca fid37y the absolute pressure at the bottom d;c 73ky0 fauiof a pool?

  You are originally 1.0 m beneath rx6b 5pci m95zthe surface of a pool. If you dive to 2.0 m beneath the surface, what happens to the absolute pressubicx6m p r59z5re on you?

State Pascal's principlhyjfu.f-j q7.nsas/( g , pq2re.

State Archimedes' principli ;dc7d sx1w/ 0b,fwr nj/,bete.

  $50 \; cm^{3}$ of wood is floating on water, and $50 \; cm^{3}$ of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  As a rock sinks deeper and deeper into water of constant density,1 0etjf* 4nmdu what happens to the buoyan0dft1*jnum e4 t force on it?

  Salt water has greater density than fresh water. A boat floats in both2+pzh,jc, mla t1 msg: fresh water aa h:c+ m1,pzlmsgj, t2nd in salt water. Where is the buoyant force greater on the boat?

  Salt water is more dense than fresh water. A ship floats in botx(wonl 61,vmc h fresh water and salt watern,w1 lcx6vo (m. Compared to the fresh water, the volume of water displaced in the salt water is

  A steel ball sinks in wa1q z-zw 5fw( w;x.mvqnter but floats in a pool of mercury. Where is the buoyant force on thenw(z-z .f wm5v;xwq 1q ball greater?

  A 10-kg piece of aluminum sits at n2g0 gzkvqk58 the bottom of a lake, right next to a 10-kg piece of k8gqn5g2 0 vzklead. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  A piece of iron rests on top of a piece of wood floating in a batcuz:lpph6h v wf/ -((zhtub. If the iron is remzv(z phcwf-:l p/h(u6oved from the wood, what happens to the water level in the tub?

  A piece of wood is floating in a bathtub. A9 arnhdio v0/) second piece of wood sits on top of the first piece, and does not touch the water. If the top piece is taken off and placed in the water, what happens to the wat)o9rd ai n/hv0er level in the tub?

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B is lu4y6id;cqab;l dd-xr t8x/ 4parger than at point A. Where is the speed of the water g-ril4d tx u/y;a6pd8qx d bc;4reater?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the pipy ,cv+q-bc-*vl ge wsiws2, s0e widens to twice its si2c0,l-wvv gscs-ewy b*+,q original radius, what is the flow speed in the wider section?

  An ideal fluid flows ate0eq r7qc+a plk;mc-2 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the pipe narrows to half its original radius, what is the flow speed in the narrower sl2cq m pc7+-qea 0;ekrection?

State Bernoulli's principlejxuy10t wy z*-ulmm15.

  Which one of the following is associated with the law of conservation of enerd;i j/;h5bnm xgy inh5;dni/;bmxj fluids?

  As the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pr h.ds2 x:eu;9/zxio h mky,7mtessure in the fluid

  Water flows through a pipe. The dso s)yr697 egw3zuhv +iameter of the pipe at point B is larger than at point A. Where is the wrvhezous9y+6sw)3g 7 ater pressure greatest?

  When you blow some air above a paper strip, the paper tj.f( vx(3rm(oxiar/ rises. This is because

  A sky diver falls through the air at terminal velocity. The forco-9c 4bae2llqe of air resistanco2qb-4cael l9 e on him is

  Two Styrofoam balls, of radii 6tklqax+4:n7z 8jg+ qx;e r hiR and 2R, are released simultaneously from a tall tower. Which wil eqa q+8:ltgn;hxir x764+kz jl reach the ground first?

  When a small spherical rock of radius r fal29efuruz.z /l ls through water, it experiences a drag f 9fu/eluzrz 2.orce $F=arv$, where $v$ is its velocity and $a$ is a constant proportional to the viscosity of water. From this, one can deduce that if a rock of diameter 2.0 mm falls with terminal velocity, $v$, then a rock of diameter 4.0 mm will fall with terminal velocity .

  Which has the greatest effect on the flow of fluid through a narrow pipe? 45wd c w*u+gxoThat is, if you mad*4 c odwwgx5+ue a 10% change in each of the quantities below, which would cause the greatest change in the flow rate?

  Two horizontal pipes are the same lengthsuscw309 fybg96: qer , but pipe B has twice the diameter of pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same0uy9 :q9c fers3b6 sgw pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe A is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe B?

  Two horizontal pipes have the same diameter, but pipe B is twice as long as l) wc /u 1hho4(jmf/inpipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of hjwf4lc/o)i(nhu1/mthe pipes. If the flow rate in pipe B is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe A?

  When soup gets cold, it often tastes greasy. Thy ,tl06b,ky cie(nc:p 6e8wxgis "greasy" taste seems to be associated with oil spreading out all over the surface e6 6lb,:i,c0 ntyxk(8ewpyg cof the soup, instead of staying in little globules. To us "physikers", this is readily explained in terms of

  When a tube of diameter d is placed in water, the water rises to c7d +e:zau 9e;; e-zmtspogcqq,.ex9a height h. If the diameter weeu99xp ztd7+e; -,qgq.o : cmaeec;szre half as great, how high would the water rise?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are sufficiently lightweighn )mvq7pyui,5zgm(, qt that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. Water bug A hau gqmyipnzq , m5,v)7(s weight W. Water bug B is twice as big as bug A, in all dimensions. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the weight of bug B?

  Certain insects, such as the water bu(kd/ oss iazl9p2l41 qg, are sufficiently lightweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. This is possible because the water, due to surface tension, exerts an upward force on the bottom of the bug's feet. Suppose that the maximum possible upwls2zpik9(la 41 /od sqard force on the feet of water bug A is F. Now suppose that water bug B is twice as big as bug A in every dimension. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the maximum upward force on the feet of bug B?

  A plastic block of dimensions 2.00 cm x al-x1n): 2crg td ti3d3.00 cm x 4.00 cm has a mass of 30.0 g. What is its :nli)t2 3 rga-dctx1ddensity?

  A liquid has a specific gravity of 0.357. What is its de r5+ohr6 c umbjii-i5+ 8irw3xnsity?

  A brick weighs 50.0 N56o5f 5kn2uq. q ;ldjp6uryv.j um l,t, and measures 30.0 cm x 10.0 cm x 4.00 cm. What is the maximum pressure it can exert on a horizonp ;tdmlq.6 nk5oy uu5r62f q,j5lv.ujtal surface?

  A person weighing 900 N9f7n6 4 t ba+;b1boveenymsw9(:ozrh is standing on snowshoes. Each snowshoe has area $2500 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure on the snow?

  How much pressure (absolute) must a submarine withstand at a depth of 120.0 m c64*l.qrs 6r8pv pjrb in tpq6lc r*46vb .prjr8she ocean?

  A circular window of 30 cm diameteryawtbv0 3+ww- in a submarine can withstand a maximum force of ww a 0-3vtb+yw$5.20 \times 10^{5} \; N$. What is the maximum depth in a lake to which the submarine can go without damaging the window?

  What is the gauge pressure if the absolute prebcyfgqcdbi 4 .o0p o788m*5acssure is 300 kPa?

  What is the gauge pressure uf6efty.*+t n b(v+ tuat a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (The density of seawater (6 tufty*be.nv+t+u fis $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  What is the absolute pr3us 0ig.;cqv; zcg2,qtgrq(f essure at a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (The density of seawater isircf3vq zcgq 0;;t2u,gg(. sq $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  A 500-N weight sits on the small piston of a hydraulic machine. The *pvli o 4,rc;ssmall pistoni*s v,lcop;4r has area $2.0 \; cm^{2}$. If the large piston has area $40 \; cm^{2}$, how much weight can the large piston support?

  In a hydraulic garage lift, the small piston has a radius of 5.0 cm (bet-u .g5jhsm4yzy 7and the large piston has a radius of 15 cm. What force must be applied on th7s4em.yu -h(yj z tgb5e small piston in order to lift a car weighing 20,000 N on the large piston?

  A 13,000 N vehicle is to be lifted by a 25 cm diameter hyd kuy,-5b6ft;m 1ysr pnraulic piston. What force ;kt s,6 5 -y1mfrbpyunneeds to be applied to a 5.0 cm diameter piston to accomplish this?

  The small piston of a hydraulic lift has a diameter of 8.0 cm, aa .3gkmb q)tc zap1+v4nd its large piston has1 mza.4g3 )aqbctv kp+ a diameter of 40 cm. The lift raises a load of 15,000 N.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston    $N$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift    $\times 10^5 \; Pa$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A block of metal weighs 40 N ine+mtv hq6q tn .()rgz i*05qne air and 30 N in water. What is the buoyant force of tve+n.z*h(t e n 60tq5qgi) rmqhe water?

  An object has a volume o27 g 4gz3ci/vpc ;mbppf $4.0 \; m^{3}$ and weighs 40,000 N. What will its weight be in water?

  A 4.00-kg cylinder of solid iron is supported by a string while submers mq3k4ft+a c1ged in water. What a4s3k1tf+mcq is the tension in the string? (The specific gravity of iron is 7.86.)

  If the density of gold)utaehdld.t0:6 hn .z is $19.3 \times 10^3 kg/m^{3}$, what buoyant force does a 0.60-kg gold crown experience when it is immersed in water?

  A crane lifts a steel sp:zhmt u15r +jubmarine (density = $7.8 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$) of mass 20,000 kg. What is the tension in the lifting cable (1) when the submarine is submerged, and (2) when it is entirely out of the water?

  An object weighs 7.84 N when it is in air and 6.86 N whenlad .8pi*ovp1 ymfba*l j4z6. it is immersed in water. i* y8zb6f4 aap ml1 .pvj*dlo.What is the specific gravity of the object?

  A container of water is placed on a scale, and 6lj8ang ay, -tthe scale reads 120 g. Now a 20-g piece of copper (specific gravity = 8.9) is suspended from a thread and lowered into t6j8l a,t -agnyhe water, not touching
the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?

  A piece of aluminum with a mass of 1.0 kcifq p1c i.l3+g and density of $2700 \; kg/m^{3}$ is suspended from a string and then completely immersed in a container of water. The density of water is $1000 \; kg/m^{3}$.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum    $\times 10^{-4} \; m^3$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the tension in the string after the metal is immersed in the container of water $N$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A cylindrical rod of letg9rf 1z.h5icgs yz )6ngth 12 cm and diameter 2.0 cm will just barely float in water. What r fyc6s)gh1 5g9z.z tiis its mass?

  A rectangular box of negligible mass measures 5.0 m long, 1.0 m ycdl8ah-f php 2)a :0zwide, and 0.50 m high. How many kilograms of mhyla 2d c:- 0hpza8)pfass can be loaded onto the box before it sinks in a lake?

  A $1.0 m^{3}$ object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What does the object weigh out of the water?

  An object floats with half its volum3 9e 7vmpqd3eke beneath the surface of the water. The weight of the displaced 9k3d3pee7 q vmwater is 2000 N. What is the weight of the object?

  A solid object floats in water wit03p fprpiy(.hh three-fourths of its volume beneath the surface. p03 p(iprf.hy What is the object's density?

  A 200-N object floats with three-fourths of its volume beneath the xcn0h dmncax2*fte r 42)xg3p d5p-d3surface of the water. What is t4xpxem )3*nn0 3xd5 a2hdtccpd-f 2rghe buoyant force on the object?

  A polar bear of mass 200 kg stands on/ts cxxzul*a 4vr,: o( an ice floe 100 cm thick. What is the minim *avrxzs/t:c, o4lx( uum area of the floe that will just support the bear in saltwater of specific gravity 1.03? The specific gravity of ice is 0.98.

  Liquid flows through a pipe of d :1ty4d0dg(yvt-fzsciameter 3.0 cm at 2.0 m/s. Find the flow rate.

  Liquid flows through a 4.0 cm diameter frf1 i;uo+c-eoi1bp 5pipe at 1.0 m/s. There is a 2.0 cm diameter restriction in the line upoirci-15eob1f +f;. What is the velocity in this restriction?

  Water flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pi/;w 5yj-7*txf*c3 dmvhpo qygpe with a pressure of $3.0 \times 10^4 \; N/m^2$. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider section?

  How much pressure does it take for a pump to s roc9(ysntgi )ry); 3nupply a drinking fountain with 300 kPa, if the fountain is 30.0 m above9i y yrns(;t) o3rn)cg the pump?

  A hole of radius 1.0 mm occurs in te j4rrb rluy8be;4.7h he bottom of a water storage tank that holds water at a depth of 15 m. At what rate will water flow out of thl ;b 8bry4reurehj.4 7e hole?

  Water flows through a horizontal pi+o fuw*; o tl1)a+awvipe of cross-sectional area $10.0 \; cm^{2}$ at a pressure of 0.250 atm. The flow rate is $1.00 \times 10^{-3} \; m^{3}/s$. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to $5.00 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure at the valve?

  SAE No. 10 oil has a viscosity of 0.20 Pa-s. How long would it take tod xgv/sldif3y.. h+ e, pour 4.0 L of oil through a funnel with a neck 15 cm long and 2.0 cm in diameter? Assume the surface of the oil is kept 6 cm above the top of the neck, and neglect any drag effects due t.l+i yeh ,fg3vx/s d.do the upper part of the funnel.

  Suppose that the build-up of fatty tissuli4vn +xrhd80 k4wy )3axd+ul8b;rwze on the wall of an artery decreased the radius by 10%. By how much would ruk;ib lv+43dnyrwzx w 8)hl04 8a+dx the pressure provided by the heart have to be increased to maintain a constant blood flow?

  Two narrow tubes are placed in a pan o;w 6btg;mept 3;1eo bcf water. Tube A has twice the diameter of tube B. If water rises 24 cm in tube A, h1c6;ogb;te3w t; ebpmow high will it rise in tube B?

  The surface tension of water is 0.073 N/m. How high will water rise 1gsruwdxy(0l .r 8ont7(oqv5 in a capillary tube of diamettnv0sq. 7roo(x u5w1y(rg8ld er 1.2 mm?

  232

  To what height would wate3 s7 ddn mxcrb1ky0)h*r at 0 degree Celsius rise in a glass capillary tube with a )3 dbdn1mxk0*crh 7sydiameter of
0.50 mm?

  A narrow tube is placed vertically in a pan of water/rh8 9cad phsxk0m 7bie;it 47, and the water rises in the tube to 4.0 cm above the level of the pan. The surface tension in the liquid is lowered to one-half its original value by the addition of some soap. What happenbaxiir /94k hh;dm8tsc70p7e s to the height of the liquid column in the tube?

  Consider a rectangular frame of length 0.120 m and width 0.600 m w0-)kmaye 7mc eexj42k ith a soap film formed within its confined area. If the surface tension ofca4e2ke-k 7)memj0xy soapy water is 0.0260 N/m, how much force does the soap film exert on the 0.600 m side?

  An adjustable rectangular frame has length 12 cm and widthn ik f2a:5xxne73 aj5wfhb 1q; 5 cm, and is built in such a way that one of the longerxaafe hx:71i 5w qf32nk;j5n b sides can be moved without bursting the soap film contained in the frame. Soapy water has surface tension 0.026 N/m. How much work is required to move the adjustable long side so that the frame is 12 cm square?